Showing 61 results for Ph
Fatemeh Valipoori Goodarzi, Javad Hadadnia, Maryam Hashemiyan,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer constitutes and 75% of all cancers in the world. Malignant melanoma is the most invasive and lethal form of skin cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate infrared thermography in differentiation of benign and malignant skin lesions.
Methods: This study was conducted on 120 patients (60 female, 60 male) with a lesion suspicious for melanoma and identifying the type of lesion (benign or malignant) based on thermal model using Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering. In this imaging method, the difference on temperature responses between the normal and abnormal tissue was compared and data obtained was compared with biopsy results.
Results: In 120 cases studied, 3 cases of skin cancer (2 male, 1 female) were found which all could be detected based on analysis of thermal images.
Conclusion: At present, new methods for the detection of skin cancer, especially non-invasive diagnostic tools, have been discovered in several laboratories. The method presented in this paper could be considered as a non-invasive and cost effective method for the detection of skin cancer.
Ameneh Yazdanfar, Mohsen Rajabi, Reza Hodudi, Keyvan Razaghi, Ramezan Kalvandi, Mahsa Saleki,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Wart is one of the most common viral diseases of skin caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) and results in high costs for therapeutic, cosmetic and hygienic interventions. Euphorbia is an annual plant belonging to Euphorbiaceae family that has seventy species. All of them have latexes with high medicinal values. These plants have anti-viral and anti-tumor substances and 10 species of them are used in traditional medicine for treatment of ulcers, tumors, warts, and other diseases. In this study, the therapeutic effect of Euphorbia macrolada latex on common warts is compared with the standard keratolytic treatment.
Methods: The latex of E. macrolada was prepared from Dehgolan region in Kurdistan Province and used directly. The standard keratolytic solution, which contained 16.7 g salicylic acid, 16.7 g lactic acid and up to 100 g collodion was prepared and delivered by the Hamedan Behzisti Pharmacy. A double-blind trial was conducted in Farshchian Hospital, Hamedan, Iran on 88 patients (44 in each group). They were instructed to apply the solutions on their warts twice daily for maximum of 8 weeks.
Results: All lesions in both groups were cured after 8 weeks. The meanstandard deviation (SD) of time to cure was 4.51.4 weeks in E. macrolada group and 5.11.6 weeks in the control group. None of these differences were statistically significant (P>0.05). No adverse effects was observed in any of patients.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that E. macrolada had a therapeutic effect on common warts. Based on the results of this study, latex of this plant can be used as a complementary or alternative medicine in the treatment of patients with common warts.
Tahereh Soori, Nafiseh Esmaeili, Mostafa Mirshams-Shahshahani, Mohammad Reza Poursadati, Abbas Karimi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background
and Aim: The standard treatment regimen for pemphigus is
adminitration of systemic corticosteroids and adjuvant agents. Previous studies
have shown that corticosteroid therapy may alter lipid profile and reduce the
atherogenic index in some disorders. This study was conducted to evaluate
the changes in lipid profile in pemphigus patients treated with oral
corticosteroids alone or in combination with adjuvants.
Methods:
In this retrospective corss-sectional study, medical records of 148 pemphigus
patients admitted in Razi Hospital in Tehran were reviewed for serum levels of
low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total
cholestrol, and triglyceride on the day of admission till 3 weeks after
initiation of the treatment.
Results:
Fifty-eight percent of patients were female and the mean age of the patients
was 47.1 years. 79.3% and 13.3% of patients had been treated with prednisolone
plus azathiorine or prednisolone alone, respectively. The remainig patients
were treated by administration of oral prednisolone and other adjuvants. Serum
levels of LDL, HDL, total cholestrol and triglyceride were significantly higher
3 weeks after initiation of treatment compared to baseline (P<0.05). With
the exception of the signifcantly higher level of triglycerides in women, there
was no statistically significant association between the levels of other serum
lipids at the end of 3 weeks treatment with gender, age, severity of the
disease, use of statins, and the treatment regimen (P>0.05).
Conclusion:
Although the level of different components of the lipid profile in Iranian
patients with pemphigus changed after receiving treatment for 3 weeks, it seems
that those changes were not associated with an increased atherogenic index of
pemphigus patients.
Hamidreza Ghasemi Basir, Mahmood Farshchian, Pedram Alirezaei, Mahdis Jahani,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
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Background and Aim: Cicatricial
alopecia is the result of irreversible substitution of hair follicles with
fibrotic tissue and presents as permanent loss of hair. Only a few studies
have investigated the clinical and histopathological characteristics of
cicatricial alopecia in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the
demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients with
cicatricial alopecia who referred to our dermatology outpatient clinic in
Farshchian hospital in a two year period, and to evaluate the diagnostic
value of histopathologic criteria in diagnosing different kinds of
cicatricial alopecias.
Methods: This was a
cross-sectional study. Eighty nine patients who underwent skin biopsy due to
clinical diagnosis of cicatricial alopecia were included. Demographic and
clinical characteristics of patients as well as clinical diagnosis were
recorded and the biopsy samples were evaluated by two different pathologists
who were unaware of each other's diagnosis. Histopathological diagnosis of
patients according to each pathologist's opinion was recorded separately and
statistical analysis was performed to obtain the coincidence coefficient between
two pathological diagnosis.
Results: The most common
forms of cicatricial alopecias due to clinical and histopathological
diagnosis were: lichen planopilaris, disciod
lupus erythematosus, alopecia
areata, pseudopelade
of Brocq, folliculitis
decalvans and
central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. Moreover,
our findings showed a powerful coincidence coefficient between clinical
diagnosis and the first pathologist diagnosis (kappa=0.836), an average to
powerful coincidence coefficient between the second pathologist diagnosis and
clinical diagnosis
(kappa=0.703) and finally an average to powerful coincidence coefficient
between the two pathologists diagnosis
(kappa=0.663).
Conclusion: Diagnosis of
cicatricial alopecia depends upon clinical and also histopathological
examination. Diagnostic value of histopathological criteria even at the end
of scarring process when there is considerable overlap between microscopic
findings of different etiologies of cicatricial alopecias is still acceptable
and there is no need to re-evaluate the biopsy specimen by a second
pathologist in order to confirm the diagnosis.
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Nafiseh Esmaeili, Sedigheh Talebi, Kambiz Kamyab, Abbas Karimi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
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Background
and Aim: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an acquired autoimmune
disease with subepidermal blisters commonly seen in the elderly over 60 years.
Although the disease is usually manifested with tense blisters, but in some
cases generalized pruritus is the only symptom of disease, which is less
studied.
Methods: In
a retrospective study, the medical records of 416 BP patients confirmed in pathology
laboratory were evaluated for clinical findings, direct immunofluorescence
(DIF) testing for BMZ-binding IgG antibodies and histological findings.
Results: Of
the 416 confirmed BP patients, 213 were male and 203 were female. The mean
age of patients was 64.36 years. Thirty four patients at the onset of the
disease had generalized pruritus, which in the course of the disease, 29
patients also showed other symptoms of the disease. In 5 patients generalized
pruritus was seen as the only symptom. Concerning to the results of DIF, 117
(90%) patients showed autoantibody deposit, and in 13 (10%) patients the test
was negative. There was no significant relationship between DIF results and
histological findings (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings of
this study, generalized pruritus is uncommon as the first symptom of the
disease. There was not any association between generalized pruritus and
histological observations including dermal edema, presence of eosinophils in
tissue, subepidermal blister as well as DIF results. Further studies on the
early detection of the disease are required to decrease complications of the
disease.
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Mahnaz Banihashemi, Fakhrozzaman Pezeshkpoor, Sahar Aziziahari, Mohammad Tohidi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
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Anderson-Fabry
which is also known as Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive enzyme
deficiency disorder. Its clinical manifestations are caused by storage of
sphingolipids in the lysosomes of the endothelial, perithelial, and smooth
muscle cells, which is due to alpha galactosidase A enzyme deficiency. Its
hallmark dermatological manifestation is diffuse angiokeratomas known as
angiokeratoma corporis diffusum. Peripheral painful neuropathy, eye
involvement, cardiovascular problems, cerebrovascular complications, and
renal failure are other manifestations of Fabry disease.
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Herein,
we report a 22-year-old man who had been referred to a dermatology clinic for
evaluation of his skin lesions. The patient had diffuse angiokeratomas, which
were characteristic for Fabry disease as well as painful acral neuropathy.
Histpathologic examination of one of his skin lesions was reported as
angiokeratoma. Since cornea verticillata was observed in his eyes and he also
suffered from sensory-neural hearing loss, he was diagnosed as a case of Fabry
disease.
Azita Nikoo, Babak Hosseindoost, Alireza Khatami,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common primary cutaneous lymphoma. Diagnosis of early MF (eMF) is often difficult due to its resemblance of benign dermatoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of provided clinical information on the histopathology request forms for diagnosis of eMF according to the International Society of Cutaneous Lympoma (ISCL) criteria.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 108 patients admitted to Razi Hospital, Tehran, between April 2012 and November 2013, who were biopsied as eMF cases, were recruited. Based on partial application of ISCL algorithm, the checklist of clinical and histopathological findings were scored.
Results: Eighty-five (78.7%) patients received maximum total clinical and histopathological scores (4) and their eMF were definitely diagnosed. Sixteen (14.8%) patients received a total score of 3, and suggestive eMF diagnosis was made. Further work up such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluation were recommended. Seven patients (6.5%) received a total score of 2, which did not confirm eMF diagnosis. Follow up was recommended. In 14 (87.5%) of 16 patients who had received a total score of 3, the definite diagnosis of eMF was made according to the results of IHC. They were referred to receive treatment. In 2 patients (12.5%) diagnosis of eMF were not confirmed by IHC. They were recommended to undergo polymerase chain reaction (PCR) evaluation
Conclusion: Many MF cases can be diagnosed in the early stages using a combination of clinical and histopathological criteria.
Afagh Kazemi, Omid Eskandari, Mohammad Karimi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Skin cancer is one of the most common human cancers. Its incidence rate trend is increasing in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, incidence rate and geographical distribution of skin cancer to identify the high risk areas in Kurdistan province, Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the collected data were analyzed using version 16 of SPSS software, and t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for comparison of the means. The distribution map of skin cancer in the province was prepared using Geographic Information System (GIS) software, version 9.3 between the beginning of 2006 and the end of 2010. In order to investigate the reason for high rates of skin cancer in some cities, ultraviolet (UV) radiation distribution map was also prepared.
Results: Sanandaj with 17.55/100000 had the highest and SarvAbad with 3.73/100000 had the lowest incidence rates. The number of male patients (542) was nearly two times of female cases (324), (P<0.0001). In addition, skin cancer was about two times more prevalent in urban (%68.01) than rural (%31.99) residents (P=0.008).
Conclusion: Life style of men and their sun exposure because of their job seemed to be a major risk factor in increasing the incidence of skin cancer in Kurdistan province, Iran. There was no correlation between the skin cancer incidence at the district level and UV index. Further research is recommended to explain this finding.
Zeinab Ghasemi, Mehraban Falahati, Farideh Zaini, Gholam Hossein Ghaffarpour, Farzaneh Ahmadi, Seyed Ebrahim Eskandari,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Tinea unguium is a common disease with worldwide distribution most commonly seen in adult patients. Trichophyton rubrum and T. interdigital are the most common causes. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of tinea unguium causative agents in a referral dermatology hospital in Tehran, Iran.
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 on clinically suspicious patients for tinea unguium referred to the Mycology Laboratory, Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Samples from 700 patients were examined using direct smear microscopy and culture. Direct microscopic examination of the specimens was carried out using 20% potassium hydroxide solution. The specimens were cultured on Sabourad dextrose agar culture media containing chloramphenicol and cyclohexamid (Scc). For identifying the species of dermatophytes, complementary tests were used. Frequencies and relative frequencies were demonstrated in tables and chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to investigate any association between the categorical variables.
Results: Of 700 dystrophic nail samples, 53 samples (7.6%) were positive according to both direct examination and culture. Thirty-eight patients were males. The most common clinical type was distal subungual onychomycosis which was observed in 79.2% of cases. The most frequent detected dermatophyte species. was T. interdigital (39.6%) followed by T. rubrum (37.7%). Forty-seven patients had tinea unguium on their toe nails, 4 patients on their finger nails, and 2 patients had it on both finger and toe nails. Nineteen patients had underlying diseases, and the most common underlying disease was cardiovascular disease (26.3%).
Conclusion: Tinea unguium is a disease with worldwide distribution and identifying the causative agents and predisposing factors are necessary for better management of the patients.
Nafiseh Esmaeili, Tahereh Soori, Zeinab Nooraei, Abbas Karimi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune intraepidermal blistering disease affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Copper and zinc are two necessary trace elements in the human body that have antioxidant activity in the wound healing process. The aim of this study was to determine the serumic level of zinc and copper in newly diagnosed patients with pemphigus vulgaris.
Methods: In this study, 50 newly diagnosed patients with pemphigus vulgaris admitted to Razi Hospital in Tehran were studied with regards to their serum levels of copper and zinc alongside age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drug abuse status.
Results: Eighteen percent (9 cases) and 50% (25 cases) of the patients showed copper and zinc deficiency, respectively. There was no significant association between copper and zinc levels and smoking, age, BMI or suffering from a chronic disease (P>0.05). Mean copper levels in women and men were not significantly with their respective different normal levels (P>0.05). Serum zinc level in men was lower than its normal range (P<0.05), but in women was not significantly different from its normal level.
Conclusion: Serum concentration of copper and zinc did not show any association with pemphigus disease. Since decreased levels of copper and zinc may result in an increase of oxidative activity in autoimmune diseases enhancing disease severity, therefore conducting a robust case-control study for evaluating the their roles in disease severity may pave the way to treatment of those diseases.
Nafiseh Esmaeili, Tahereh Soori, Nooshin Shirzad, Maryam Vahid-Moghadam, Abbas Karimi,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common autoimmune blistering disease. Prednisone, commonly in combination with an immunosuppressive adjuvant such as azathioprine or cyclophosphamide, is the standard treatment for pemphigus vulgaris. Approximately 5% to 15% of mortality of the disease is due to the complications of corticosteroids therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of steroid-induced diabetes in pemphigus patients hospitalized in Razi hospital, Tehran in 2009 and 2010.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 177 first-time admitted pemphigus vulgaris patients were studied regarding presence of risk factors for steroid-induced diabetes. Those risk factors were included age, sex, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), family history of diabetes, medications used before and after initiation of treatment, fasting blood sugar (FBS) , triglyceride (TG) high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels at the time of admission, and three weeks after the treatment was started.
Results: Twenty-nine patients (16.3%) were diagnosed with diabetes based on three weeks FBS levels evaluations. There were significant associations between BMI, HbA1c and taking nervous system agents and diabetes (P<0.05), but the differences between sex, family history, blood pressure, TG, LDL levels and occurrence of diabetes were not significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Close monitoring of FBS levels before and within the first three weeks of the initiation of steroid therapy allows early detection of storied-induced diabetes in pemphigus patients. Moreover, evaluation of other risk factors associated with diabetes may provide the opportunity of early diagnosis and treatment of steroid-induced diabetes.
Efat Khodaeiani, Javad Shokri, Mahdi Amirnia, Afsane Radmehr, Morteza Ghoujazade, Behzad Anoush, Danial Fadaei Fooladi,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dermatophytoses are the infections caused by the fungi that are capable to invade and multiply within keratinized tissues such as the skin, hair and nails. Topical azoles are considered the first-line treatment in dermatophytosis, but systemic therapy may also be required in some cases. Fungal skin infections have become more common in recent years, and injudicious use of conventional drugs has led to emergence of resistant species. This study compared the therapeutic effects of topical colloidal silver with topical clotrimazole in the treatment of tinea capitis and tinea corporis.
Methods: In this double blind, non-randomized clinical trial, 40 patients with tinea capitis and tinea corporis were allocated into two groups, receiving either topical colloidal silver or topical clotrimazole, twice daily for at least 4 weeks. Systemic antifungals were also administreerd if needed. The response to treatment (negative KOH smear and resolved symptoms) was compared between the two groups at the end of the treatment period.
Results: The mean response time was 5.26±1.56 (range: 3-8) weeks in colloidal silver receivers and 5.00±2.20 (range: 3-12) weeks in the clotrimazole group (P=0.67). The response rates were 84.2% in the topical colloidal silver group, and 90.0% in the topical clotrimazole group (P=0.66). None of the patients experienced a side effect.
Conclusion: Topical colloidal silver may be as effective and safe as topical clotrimazole in patients with tinea capitis and tinea corporis. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.
Nafiseh Esmaeili, Zahra Karimi, Tahereh Soori, Abbas Karimi,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pemphigus is a chronic autoimmune blistering disease characterized by intraepidermal blisters.
These blisters damage the skin barrier and increase the risk of life-threatening infections. Nasal colonization of
Staphylococcus aureus can increase the risk of infections and delay the wound healing process.The aim of this study was to
determine the frequency of staphylococcal carriers in hospitalized patients with pemphigus.
Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, medical records of 72 hospitalized patients with pemphigus in the
period from March 2013 to March 2014 were reviewed.Samples were collected from anterior nares and cultured at the
time of admission and one week after hospitalization for evaluation of S. aureus colonization and Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) types.
Results: Forty-five patients (62.5%) were male and 27 patients (37.5%) were female. The frequency of S. aureus
carriers was 58.3%. Thirty patients had colonization at the time of hospital admission among them, 22 (73.3%) patients
had MRSA. In forty (55.6%) patients colonization were found one week after hospitalization. Thirty-three (82.5%) patients
in this group were MRSA positive. There was no significant difference between S. aureus colonization at the time of
admission and one week after hospitalization (P>0.05).
Conclusion: S. aureus and MRSA carriers (communityacquired and hospital-acquired carriers) were prevalent
among patients with pemphigus. With identifiction and isolation of carriers of S. aureus in pemphigus patients, not
only could prevent spreading S. aureus and MRSA associated infections, bul also would facilitate wound healing. More
robust studies are required to assess the role of potential riskfactors.
Fatemeh Valipoori Goodarzi, Javad Haddadnia, Maryam Hashemiyan,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Malignant melanoma is one of the most dangerous types of skin cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate Spatial Thermographic Imaging (STI) in differentiating benign from malignant skin lesions.
Methods: One-hundred and ten STI images were taken from the volunteers who had lesions being suspected for malignant melanoma. Benignity or malignancy of lesions was determined according to the changes detected in tissue using texture filters. The STI data were compared with histopathology results.
Results: Out of 110 investigated patients with STI, three cases of malignant melanoma were found. Two cases were in men and the other one was in a woman. Accuracy of STI in diagnosis of malignant melanoma was 98%.
Conclusion: STI may potentially be used as a non-invasive method for the detecting skin malignant melanoma.
Ahmad Reza Taheri, Ghasem Ali Khorasani, Siamak Forghani, Afshin Fathi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hypertrophic scars are highly resistant to the treatment and have a high recurrence rate. Affected patients suffer from aesthetic and functional complications, which may influence their quality of life. Nowadays, various therapeutic modalities have been used in the treatment of hypertrophic scars, but patients' problems remain because of high recurrence rate. This study evaluated the efficacy of intralesional injection of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of hypertrophic scar lesions.
Methods: This randomised controlled trial was performed during 2014 and 2015. Each patient`s lesion was randomly allocated in ine of the two arms of the study: one half of the lesion received monthly 8 IU/cm3 of 200 IU/ml intralesional botulinum toxin A (Dysport, Ipsen Biopharma Ltd., UK) and the other half was injected with the same volume of normal saline. Injections were repeated three times. After 9 months, lesions were evaluated according to Vancouver scar scale.
Results: Twenty-one patients with a mean age of 27.2 years completed the study. In the intervention the mean lesions` pigmentation scale decrease to 0.73, vascularity to 0.9 and pliability to 0.98 (P<0.01), but there was no significant change in lesions height (P=0.32).
Conclusion: It seems that injection of botulinum toxin A in hypertrophic scar lesions acts as useful adjuvant for other treatment methods.
Ali Asghar Rezanejad, Mohammad Reza Sobhan, Hamid Reza Gsemi Basir, Akram Ansar,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2016)
Abstract
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is a rare disease due to benign proliferation of dermal and subcutaneous capillaries. It is most commonly seen in young to middle-age females. Skin lesions include single or multiple red papules, plaques and nodules. It most commonly involves head and neck. Its etiology has not been determined. ALHE lesions are usually resistant to commonly suggested treatment methods including surgery. Recurrence of treated lesions is also common. Herein, we report a 38-year-old pregnant woman who presented with multiple red papules and nodules on her periauricular and occipital skin. Her lesions were confirmed to be ALHE after histopathological assessment.
Mehraban Felahati, Zeinab Ghasemi, Safar Shamohammadi, Seyed Ebrahim Eskandari, Reza Amiri, Mahdieh Rahimi, Dastparvardeh Elmira, Shahabeddin Rahimifar,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bacteria are one of the causes of nail infections. Although nail infections are not always associated with a major health problem, their treatment, particularly in immunosuppressed patients could be chalenging. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of bacterial agents in patients with dystrophic nails referred to mycology laboratory of Razi Hospital, Tehran.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on patients with dystrophic nail. Samples were examined by both direct examination and culture. Blood agar and eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar media were used to culture and differentiate bacteria.
Results: Of 700 dystrophic nail samples, 183 (26.1%) samples were diagnosed as onychomycosis. One hundred and four (56.8%) of the patients were female. One hundred and eighty-one patients had bacterial nail infection (25.9%), of whom 109 (60.2%) were female. Forty-six (6.6%) patients had both bacterial and fungul infections, of whom 32 (69.6%) were female. The most common detected agent was Staphylococci.
Conclusion: Bacterial infections can result in dystrophioc nails. If these infections remain untreated they can lead to nail loss. In most cases, treatment of bacterial nail infections is easier than fungul nail infections.
Fahime Nemati, Masome Mohammadzaki, Safar Shamohammadi, Zeinab Ghassemi, Ebrahim Eskandari,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Staphylococcus aureus is the second cause of hospital acquired infections, and responsible for 80% of purulent infections, and majority of skin infections. About 30 to 50 percent of normal people carry staph in their nose or groin and armpits. VanA, VanB, VanC1, VanC2/C3, VanG, VanL, and VanX are genes responsible for encoding resistance to vancomycin, TychoPlanyn and Avoparcyn, among them vanBand vanAare the most common cause of resistance that could be located on a plasmid or a chromosome and can be transferred via conjugation. The aim of this study was to The aim of this study was to investigatethe role of VanA and VanB genes in Cefoxitin resistant Staphylococci aureuscausing skin infections in patients admitted to Razi Hospital in Tehran using real time PCR method.
Methods: The samples were collected from Khordad 1394 for one year in the Microbiology Department of the Clinical Laboratory of Razi Hospital. Exudative skin lesions were sampled by sterile swab and cultured on the blood agar and EMB medium. Then catalase, oxidase and coagulase tests were performed on the gram-positive cocci and the sensitivity to vancomycinin Cefoxitin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was determined using the E-test method. The presence of vanAand vanBgenes were investigated by Real Time PCR.
Results: Out of 978 patients with infected skin lesions, 733 samples of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. Of these, 124 were Cefoxitin resistant, among them 8 samples had a high response rate of 3, and 5had high response above 16. But VanA and VanB genes were not responsible for resistance in any of them.
Conclusion: Due to the development of resistant strains of Staphylococcus in skin and hospital infections, identification of its encoding genes are necessary in order to use appropriate antibiotics to reduce the course of treatment and the side effects of taking antibiotics.
Keyvan Ezimand, Ataolah Abdolahi Kakroodi, Mohammad Javanbakht,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Environmental and climatic conditions in different geographical areas provide the basis for certain diseases. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, with a different incidence rate in geographical areas. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of climate and environmental factors on skin cancer and to map the geographical distribution of skin cancer in Iran.
Methods: This study was performed using data of patients with skin cancer, population and data of climatic and environmental factors that affect skin cancer incidence. In this study, after calculating the incidence of skin cancer rate for the whole country, we used the Geographically Weighted Regression model to establish a regression relationship between climate and environmental data and the incidence of skin cancer. The coefficient of detection between the map of incidence of skin cancer and its model map was calculated.
Results: Correlation coefficients showed that sun UV and relative humidity had the highest positive and negative correlation with the incidence of skin cancer, respectively. The southern, eastern and central regions of Iran had the highest incidence of skin cancer rate and the northern and northwestern coasts of Iran had the lowest incidence rate. Validating of actual incidence rate map and the modeled incidence rate map indicated a coefficient of detection of 0.71.
Conclusion: All of the climate and environmental parameters in this study contributed to in the incidence of skin cancer.
Monireh Ensaf, Masoome Khanahmadi, Shahla Mirzaee,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Shampoos are products that remove fat and dust from the hair and scalp. Cleansing and decontamination are the most important properties of a shampoo for its acceptance. To create a stable foam in shampoos, alkaloids are often used which are believed to be carcinogens due to production of nitrosamines. Hence, the main goal of this study was the production of shampoo by using medicinal plants.
Methods: In this study, herbal shampoos were prepared by using aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Yarrow, Cedar, Chubak and licorice as surfactants, and Katira as thickener. Then their physical and chemical properties were analyzed.
Results: After preparing the herbal base shampoo, the physical and chemical evaluation of the product was performed. We found that this formulation had cleansing power for foam formation, antimicrobial and antifungal properties, and also a high shelf life compared to the control sample (chemical shampoo). It also didn’t have any adverse effect on hair and scalp of consumers. The present formulation is also suitable for commercial shampoo production.
Conclusion: The herbal based shampoo had better qualitative properties than the chemical base, and the use of the aqueous extract of the aforementioned plants (compared to their hydro alcoholic extracts) had better performance and was economically feasible.
