Showing 20 results for Action
Bahareh Malekafzali, Franak Najibi,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (3-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cutaneous drug reaction is a common side effect of antiepileptic drugs and a frequent cause of treatment discontinuation. These reactions ranges can be a mild maculopapular rash to Stevens-Johnson Syndrom and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Among the traditional anticonvulsant drugs the aromatic compounds Phenytoin, Phenobarbital and Carbamazepin have been associated with relatively higher incidences of cutaneous reactions which can hospitalized the patient. Some of the newer drugs also can induce this problem, especially lamotrigine.
Methods: All records of patiens who were hospitalized at hospitals related to Islamic Azad as well as Rasol Akram hospital with a diagnosis of cutaneous drug reaction to anticonvulsant therapy in 8 years period were reviewed.
Results: The most common culprit was phenytoin (32%) and the least common drug was lamotrigin (3%).
Conclusion: Cutaneous reaction to anticonvulsant drugs is common and sometimes may be life threatening which needs serious treatment options.
Mahmoud Farshchian, Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni, Mahnaz Sharifian,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Adverse drug reactions are inevitable outcomes of drug therapy, which may cause mortality and morbidity for those whom are treated in this way. Cutanous adverse drug reactions are abserved in 2% to 3% of inpatients but only 2% of them are considered serious and may cause death. The aim of this study was to determine the cause and clinical forms of adverse drug reactions referred to department of dermatology.
Methods: This cross-sectional study that was done on patients with diagnosis of cutanous adverse drug reactions in 2007 and 2009. All patients suspected with diagnosis of adverse drug reactions were examined by an experienced dermatologist for determination of different kinds of clinical manifestations.
Results: During the study period, 308 patients were recruited. Cutanous adverse drug reactions were found to be more frequent in females (63%) than in males (37%). Betalactam antibiotics were found to be the most frequent cause of adverse cutaneous drug reactions (42.7%), followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (16.5%). Acute urticaria was the most frequent observed drug reaction (59.2%) followed by fixed drug eruption (18.5%) and maculopapular rashes (14.9%).
Conclusion: In this study adverse cutaneous drug reactions was mainly induced by betalactam antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The most common forms of cutaneous adverse drug reactions were found to be: acute urticaria, fixed drug eruption and maculopapular rashes.
Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh, Hossein Hajhosseini, Farideh Dehghani, Parichehr Kafaie, Davoud Dehghani Ashkezari,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hirsutism is one of the most common reasons for which women visit dermatology and beauty clinics. Lasers have got considerable popularity during last two decades because they can reduce unwanted hairs. This study was conducted to evaluate the satisfaction of patients with hirsutism traeted with diode laser, IPL or combination of both.
Methods: In this retrospective study, hirsute patients referred to Yazd Laser Center from October 2011 until October 2012 were studied. Patient satisfaction from the amount of hair loss one month after starting treatment, one month after the end of treatment and 6 months after treatment were asked using telephone.
Results: Patient satisfaction one month after the end of the treatment with diode laser was higher than the other two methods (P=0.034). Patient satisfactions at one month after initiation of the treatment and six months after the end of the treatment were not the statistically significant. The number of laser sessions was similar in the three groups.
Conclusion: Results of the current study revealed that there was no significant difference in the patient satisfaction with diode laser, IPL and combination of both methods in the treatment of hirsutism 6 months after the end of the treatment.
Ali Ebrahimi, Hossein Ershadinia,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Unwanted hair growth (hirsutism) is a cosmetic problem, which has been resulted in a large number of researches regarding its treatment. Patient satisfaction after treatment using hair removal lasers has been different. The aim of this study was to investigate the satisfactaion rates of the patients with hirsutism after being treated with a diode laser.
Methods: In this study satisfaction rates of 50 women with hirsutism were evaluated based on an audio-visual evaluation in Haj Daii clinic in Kermanshah, Iran.
Results: Fifty patients with a maen±standard deviation age of 32.5±9.2 years were categorized in three groups in accordance with their skin phototypes. Patient satisfaction after using laser diode hair removal with 25-40 J/cm2 was 74.6%. The most common side effect was transient post laser erythema (28.3%). The highest satisfaction rate was obtained in patients who were taking hormone regulating drugs (85.0%). The lowest satisfaction was obtained in patients with irregular menstrual cycle who were not taking any hormon drugs (73.3%). There was a direct correlation between the number of laser sessions and patients satisfaction (r=0.51, P<0.05).
Conclusion: Findings of the present study showed that diode laser is an effective method in treatment of hirsute patients and patients satisfaction rates are good.
Maryam Khalili, Mahin Aflatoonian, Shima Bahrami, Simin Shamsi Meymandi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Lichenoid tissue reactions are a group of skin diseases with hydropic degeneration of the basal cell layer and inflammatory infiltrations in papillary dermis. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological features of skin diseases with lichenoid tissue reaction.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 118 cases with lichenoid tissue reactions. Pathological and clinical features such as age, sex, location of the lesions were evaluated.
Results: 53.4% of the patients were female. Mean age of the patients was 39.9±17.37 years. Mean duration of the disease was 21.82±14.3 months. The most common site of involvement was upper limb (24%). The most frequent histopathological findings in epidermis and dermis were hydropic degeneration of the basal cell layer and papillary lymphocytic infiltration (89.9%, 85.5%, respectively). Lymphocytes were the most frequent inflammatory cells in dermis. Colloid bodies and melanin incontinency also were seen in 60.2% and 78% of cases, respectively.
Conclusion: Pathological evaluation can be helpful in differentiating skin disease with lichenoid tissue reactions, if there is a doubt in clinical diagnosis.
Siavash Mohammadzadeh Shanehsaz,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2017)
Abstract
Recently, a new technology called nano-fractional radiofrequency has been developed in the treatment of skin rejuvenation. This novel technology can reduce side effects and recovery time due to the smaller pin size. The clinical trials have reported the effectiveness and safety of this new technology for treating many skin disorders such as rhytides, acne erythema, scarring, rosacea, striae and skin laxity. Despite its growing usage in aesthetic fields many clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this novel technology.
Negar Sadeghi, Alireza Moradi, Jafar Hasani, Shahram Mohammadkhani,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The cosmetic surgery is one of the prevalent phenomenons in recent decades. Body image is a key factor for interest in cosmetic surgery, but body image is a multidimensional concept and all its dimensions should be studied. This study aimed to study cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions of body image in women interested in cosmetic surgery.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional research with causal-comparative method. A sample of 600 female students, age 18 to 35 years, were selected from universities in Tehran by using multi-stage cluster random sampling methid, who completed a set of questionnaires including “Beliefs About Appearance Scale (BAAS)“, “Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS)“, “the Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory (BICSI)“ and Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS). The collected data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
Results: The students who were interested in cosmetic surgery got a higher score in components of body investment as cognitive dimension and body dissatisfaction as emotional dimension. Among the three behavioral components of body image, there was significant difference only in appearance fixing coping (P<0.0001) and there were no significant differences in acceptance and avoidant strategies between students.
Conclusion: All of the cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions of body image are important in cosmetic surgery, and women interested in cosmetic surgery not only had body dissatisfaction, but also had dysfunctional attitudes about appearance important in interpersonal relationships, personal achievement and self-concept, and used strategies based on body modification. These findings can be used in prevention and intervention programs.
Negar Sadeghi, Balal Izanloo, Hava Falahati, Mohammadreza Eftekhari,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The adolescence is one of the phases that adolescents experience significant physical changes during it, these change can causes the changes in body image especially in girls but body image is a psychological phenomenon that be powerfully affected by sociocultural factors. So, it is necessary to study body image in cultural context. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the sociocultural pressures and mediators mechanisms in the development of dissatisfaction among Iranian Adolescent Girls.
Methods: A sample of 250 adolescent girls, ages 15 to 18, were selected from Karaj city by using multi-stage cluster random sampling and responded a set of questionnaires including "The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-4 (SATAQ-4)", "Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised (PACS-R)" and "Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS)". The collected data analyzed using Lisrel and was used path analysis method.
Results: The results of the path analysis indicated that the paths of media and peer pressure on internalization had significant coefficients but the path of parent pressure was not significant. Also, the mechanisms of the appearance compare and internalization mediate the relationship of sociocultural pressures and body dissatisfaction.
Conclusion: The results indicate sociocultural perspective can predict the development of dissatisfaction among Iranian Adolescent Girls based on sociocultural pressures and their mediator mechanisms.
Abdoulhossein Emami Sigaroodi, Zeynab Haghdoost, Mohammad Taghi Moghadamnia, Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Burn is a risk, which threatens human beings every day in various forms. It is one of the most destructive injuries, associated with various physical and psychological complications. Burn affects the quality of life and life satisfaction . Evaluation of life satisfaction is very important due to its close relationship with physical and mental health. Given the high prevalence of burn in Iran and the presence of challenges in the treatment and rehabilitation of these patients, we decided to conduct this research to evaluate the life satisfaction in burned patients, admitted to Burn Injuries and Reconstructive Surgery Center in Rasht.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical research, 379 burned patients were included in the study using convenient sampling method. The Diner Life Satisfaction Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. The significance level was considered to be less than 0.05.
Results: Most of the subjects were male (64.1%) and had high level of education (34.6%). Also, most of them returned to their previous jobs (83.4%). Most of patients (48.5%) were satisfied with their life and the variables of lodging (P<0.0001), educational level (P<0.0001), marital status after burn (P=0.05), pre-burn job (P=0.016), post-burn job (P=0.014), skin graft (P<0.0001) and insurance (P<0.0001) were considered as predictive variables related to life satisfaction.
Conclusion: Since burn injury was expected to cause more than obtained dissatisfaction , other factors such as the power of faith and satisfaction with divine providence, high life expectancy, etc may influence their state of satisfaction. Thus, it is recommended that supporting and charity institutions (such as welfare, relief committee, IRIB, etc.) provide more support for these patients. It is also recommended that programs and classes with advisory and educational content be held for patients and their families.
Robabeh Abedini, Maryam Nasimi, Kosar Pakseresht,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Medical residents play an important role in visiting the patients; also they're the future specialists of their country. Thus, their job satisfaction is of significant importance. In this study, we aimed to assess Iranian dermatology residents' job satisfaction and its related factors.
Methods: We used short Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), in which, intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction factors are assessed with 20 questions. The data collection method was accidental sampling. Data analysis was performed by SPSS (version 17) program.
Results: Data were collected from 62 residents in years 2016-2017, majority of whom were studing in Tehran universities. Mean intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction rates were 79% and 60% respectively. General satisfaction was 71.6%. In analytical assessment, attending attitude to residents (P=0.005), how much teaching performed by attendings (P<0.001), senior residents' attitude (P=0.003) and teaching skills by seniors (P<0.001) had a significant positive correlation with job satisfaction.
Conclusion: Generally, job satisfaction among Iranian dermatology residents was found as above average. The lowest satisfaction belonged to payments, job physical conditions, the hospital rules and education that all were extrinsic factors. It seems that change in educational program such as increasing training sessions, develop and implementation of rules halting non dermatologists practitionaires working in dermatology fields can promote dermatology residents' job satisfaction.
Leilasadat Khamesi, Mozhdeh Sepaskhah, Ladan Dastgheib, Zahra Bagheri,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Melasma is a common disease affecting quality of life. Available treatments result in the gradual and partial clearance of melasma, and are accompanied with high risk of recurrence after discontinuing treatment. Tranexamic acid has been successfully evaluated in several studies. In addition, laser has been proposed as an enhanced drug delivery method. This study is designed to evaluate this enhancing effect.
Methods: Twenty-five patients with bilateral epidermal and mixed type melasma were recruited in the study and applied tranexamic 5% gel bilaterally on face two times a day and randomly underwent fractional CO2 laser treatment on one side of the face monthly. They were evaluated before starting treatment and then every 4 weeks by measuring modified melasma area severity index (mMASI) and melanin index by Dermacatch (Colorix, Switzerland). Also, quality of life was measured and compared in a subset of patients with MELAS QoL questionnaire before and after treatment. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 and the results were compared by paired t test. Due to multiple comparisons, p value of 0.0125 was considered significant.
Results: The mMASI and melanin index were not significantly different between two sides in each follow up (P>0.0125). The mMASI and melanin index significantly decreased after treatment with tranexamic acid with or without fractional CO2 laser (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively)
Conclusion: Although tranexamic acid 5% gel is effective in the treatment of melasma, however, our study did not show additive therapeutic effect by adding fractional CO2 laser to it.
Esmaeil Alizadeh, Abbas Aghaei Afshar, Mohammadamin Gorouhi, Leila Shirani Bidabadi, Zahra Nadalian,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Egyptian cockroach is one of the species of cockroaches, which has a worldwide distribution, and can live in closed human environments. In this paper, we present the first reported patient with skin reactions and dermatitis to Egyptian cockroach in Iran.
Case Report: An 80-year-old man referred to the clinic with skin lesions on his right foot. The patient lived in an adobe house in Rafsanjan city, and he had not past history of skin lesions. He reported severe itching at the beginig,one day later redness and swelling appeared. Physical examination, revealed inflammation and bite signs. Lesions disappeared after two weeks of medical treatment.
Conclusion: In general, cockroaches can cause skin reactions after body contact, so public knowledge and awareness about the prevention and control of these cockroaches should be increased in the community.
Javad Khodadadi Sangdeh, Solmaz Ranji, Mohsen Rezaee Ahvanuee,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of doing cosmetic surgeries in married women.
Methods: The research design was descriptive. The statistical population of the study consisted of married women who had performed cosmetic surgery. An in-depth, unstructured interview was conducted to collect information from 21 married women who were undergoing a cosmetic surgery. The data were analyzed using the foundation data (coding) method.
Results: In the present study, participants' interview analysis led to the identification of 416 primary codes, 21 subcategories, and three main categories, including individual, marital-family, and sociocultural contexts.
Conclusion: The desire for cosmetic surgery, on the one hand, has been influenced by individual factors, such as mischief, the negative image of the individual towards herself and et al. On the other hand, it has been influenced by family-marital factors such as the perception of repetition for the spouse, humiliation by the spouse and family and, also, influenced by socio-cultural factors such as the role of peers and friends and the role of media models.
Esmaeil Alizadeh, Abbas Aghaei Afshar, Mohammadamin Gorouhi, Faeghe Shiri,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (1-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Fleas are small, blood-sucking insects that can transmit some pathogens to human and animals.
Case Report: This paper presents a 21-year-old woman with severe skin reactions in her right forearm. After initial examinations, the symptoms were recognized as skin reaction caused by the bite of some human blood-sucking insects. Finally, after 15 days of flea bites, the symptoms were treated with topical after bite cream and oral antihistamines. In order to prevent and control the infestation of this blood-sucking pest, public awareness should be increased specially in at risk populations.
Conclusion: Increasing awareness among physicians, about the symptoms of this health pest can help to accelerate treatment process.
Shabnam Fahim, Seyedmohamad Ghazanfari Hashemi, Ahmadreza Taheri, Amir Teimourpour, Nafiseh Esmaeili, Narges Ghandi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: So far, the relationship between patient experiences and the quality of services provided to them has not been widely studied. However, evidence suggests that improving patient experiences can improve clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the satisfaction of parents of children referring to the pediatric clinic as well as the related factors.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted using a pre-designed Press Ganey questionnaire in Persian language and through interviews with 207 parents of children who referred to the pediatric clinic of Razi Dermatology Hospital in 2018.
Results: Of the 207 participants, 87 were fathers (42%) and 105 were mothers (50.7%). The remaining 15 had other relationships with the child. Overall satisfaction (recommending our clinic to others) was 62.8%. Also, 72.5% of the participants believed they would recommand their doctors. The lowest level of satisfaction was due to the lack of introduction of clinic staff and the difficulties in setting up an appointment. The factors that most closely correlate with the patient's overall satisfaction included respectively: the cheerfulness of the visit by the doctor, the confidence in the doctor, and the likelihood of recommending the doctor.
Conclusion: The relationship between a physician and a patient is significantly related to the quality of patients' experiences in the pediatric dermatology clinic. Families and patients, when evaluating their experiences, focused on clear language and doctor's sensitivity.
Ghasemali Khorasani, Javad Rahmati, Hojjat Molaie, Afshin Fathi, Gholamhosein Hayatollah,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Undesirable appearance of the scar tissue after aesthetic surgery can affect the outcomes and patient satisfaction. In recent years, early laser therapy had been encouraged to reduce the scar tissue formation. However, the available evidence regarding the outcomes of laser therapy utilizing combined lasers are limited. In the current study, the effects of combined laser therapy using pulsed dye laser (PDL) and fractional CO2 laser on the appearance of the scar tissue after aesthetic surgeries were investigated.
Methods: There were 15 patients enrolled in the current study including 13 mammoplasty and 2 abdominoplasty patients. In mammoplasty, each breast was randomly assigned to the laser therapy or control group. In abdominoplasty, split scar design was used. In laser therapy group, at the end of the third postoperative week, PDL 585 nm was radiated. Furthermore, at the end of the sixth week, fractional CO2 laser was radiated. The patients were followed for 6 months after the last laser therapy session. Visual analogue scale was used to rate the appearance of the scar tissues by 3 surgeons blinded to the treatment of scars. The appearance of the scars was determined as poor, fair, good or excellent.
Results: VAS averaged 5.5±0.8 in laser therapy group and 4.8±0.8 in the control group. The difference was not statistically significant (P=0.057). There was no scar with excellent appearance in the current study. All of the scars were fair and good in the laser therapy group. In the control group, 13 scars were fair. The difference was not significant (P=0.227).
Conclusion: Early combined laser therapy using PDL and fractional CO2 laser was associated with improved appearance of the scar tissue in short-term follow up, however, the effects were not statistically significant.
Hamideh Herizchighadim,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2022)
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has led to many mortalities since the beginning of 2020. As there was no previous experience, no specific therapy was used, except for gloves, masks, special clothes, and antiseptics. So various pharmacologic and
non-pharmacological treatments were tried. World Health Organization published therapeutic protocols in the first weeks of the pandemic that has been changed over months. As there are constant and variable signs and symptoms in different patients in different countries, therapeutic modalities and drugs are various too. Some of these drugs have been used for viral and nonviral diseases, including Tamiflu (that has been used in the treatment of influenza), Ribavirin (an effective drug in hepatitis C infection), immunoglobulin (that has been used in the treatment of various disorders like Stevens-Johnson syndrome), hydroxychloroquine (for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatologic disorders), azithromycin (that is used for upper respiratory tract infections, acne, etc.). On the other hand, consuming spices such as ginger and turmeric, vitamins like vitamin C and vitamin D, and zinc supplements have been suggested. Over months, treatment complications, including side effects of drugs and protective equipment appeared. Complications included a broad spectrum of pruritus and nonspecific rash to Stevens-Johnson syndrome and angioedema. Aggravation and recurrence of dermatitis due to the use of protective equipment and antiseptics have been observed. Increasing knowledge about treatment complications will result in early diagnosis and management and obviously decreasing mortality rates and costs.
This article is a review of common cutaneous side effects of therapeutic modalities and preventive methods in COVID-19.
Amirhoushang Ehsani, Pedram Nourmohammadpour, Kambiz Kamyab Hesari, Seyedmohammad Bahrainian, Mina Koohian Mohammadabadi, Ala Ehsani, Amirhossein Rahimnia,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the most important pathologies of tattooing is granulomatous reaction to the tattoo which is usually represented by symptoms like pain, inflation, redness and tenderness at the tattoo area. Granulomatous reaction to tattoo occurs at all ages and has been seen among both male and female. Due to the new rise in popularity of cosmetic tattoos and its pathologies, we intend to explore a descriptive study of the demographic and histopathologic characteristics of the granulomatous reactions due to cosmetic tattoos.
Methods: Razi hospital patients with proven tattoo granuloma pathology in a 3-year period were identified and studied and their demographic-histological characteristics were recorded. The study is of a cross-sectional type. 196 patients were enrolled in the study, a questionnaire was prepared for each patient and information was collected through them.
Results: The mean ± standard deviation age of the patients was 45.46±8.54. The mean ± standard deviation tattoo time was 4.18±4.33. The mean ± standard deviation frequency of tattooing was 1.64±1.8. The most common tattoo area was eyebrow in 88.3% of the patients and least common was upper eyelid in 0.6%. The most common pathology result was tattoo granuloma in 41.7% of the patients and the least common was Lichenoid in 2.8%.
Conclusion: Considering the highest frequency of pathological diagnosis of tattoo-granuloma (Sarcoidal and foreign body) with 41.7% in our study and observing the relationship between tattoo-granuloma and sarcoidosis in previous studies, complete examination of patients, long-term follow-up of patients which will have sarcoidosis in the future and examining the clinical response to treatment seems logical and beneficial. It is also important to consider whether the treatment of current lesions will play a role in preventing sarcoidosis in the future or not.
Esmaeil Alizadeh, Mohammadamin Gorouhi, Leila Shirani Bidabadi, Abbas Aghaei Afshar, Mohadese Ordouni, Faezeh Rohani, Hanane Maleki Azaraki, Yasaman Shafiee,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2023)
Abstract
Background: Tarantulas (Camel spiders) are order that belong to classes of arachnida and phylum of arthropoda. They can make a painful bite in human.
Case Report: This paper presents 34 and 40-year-old men with skin reactions in their left legs. After initial examinations, the symptoms were recognized as skin reaction caused by the bite of some nuisance insects. After one day, a lesion including 2 red dots appeared on the patient's leg. After a few hours, skin lesions were observed in both patient, and by washing with soap and water after 7 days, the symptoms completely disappeared and the bite improved.
Conclusion: Increasing awareness among physicians, about the symptoms of this nuisance insects can help to accelerate treatment process.
Mohsen Mohebbi Nodez, Abolfazl Ataei, Ismaeil Alizadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (5-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Spiders are one of the largest orders of arachnids, found worldwide on all continents except Antarctica. Many species of spiders live in close proximity to humans and generally inject poison into other animals, including humans, to protect themselves or to hunt.
Case Report: In this paper, a seven-year-old boy is presented who came to the hospital complaining of skin reactions in the eye, knee, and lower leg area. Skin lesions appeared on the boy's body after a few hours. After 24 hours, the skin lesions intensified, and inflammation and redness along with itching occurred on the boy's body. Finally, after 5 days, the skin lesions disappeared completely by washing with soap and water along with the use of Calamine lotion and the bite site improved.
Conclusion: Increasing awareness among physicians, about the symptoms of this nuisance insects can help to accelerate treatment process.
