Journal of

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Background and Aim: Bacteria are one of the causes of nail infections. Although nail infections are not always associated with a major health problem, their treatment, particularly in immunosuppressed patients could be chalenging. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of bacterial agents in patients with dystrophic nails referred  to mycology laboratory of Razi Hospital, Tehran.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on patients with dystrophic nail. Samples were examined by both direct examination and culture. Blood agar and eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar media were used to culture and differentiate bacteria.

Results: Of 700 dystrophic nail samples, 183 (26.1%) samples were diagnosed as onychomycosis. One hundred and four (56.8%) of the patients were female. One hundred and eighty-one patients had bacterial nail infection (25.9%), of whom 109 (60.2%) were female. Forty-six (6.6%) patients had both bacterial and fungul infections, of whom 32 (69.6%) were female. The most common detected agent was Staphylococci.

Conclusion: Bacterial infections can result in dystrophioc nails. If these infections remain untreated they can lead to nail loss. In most cases, treatment of bacterial nail infections is easier than fungul nail infections.

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Background and Aim: The use of medicinal herbs for the treatment of skin disease, such as acne, has a long history. The extract of Pistaca atlantica is used to treat various diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of Pistaca atlantica extract for the treatment of mild to moderate acne.
Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 60 patients with mild to moderate acne, who where randomly divided into two groups. After obtaining informed consent, volunteers in the case group received a topical extract of 15% Pistaca Atlantica once daily for 6 weeks. In the control group, placebo was given in the same way. Patients were evaluated for the number of lesions at the beginning, and 3 and 6 weeks after treatment.
Results: At the end of study, the mean reduction in lesions was 59.93% in the Pistaca atlantica group and -11.46% in the control group. Also Skin softness and lucidity were observed in the Pistaca atlantica group.
Conclusion: This clinical study showed that topical treatment with Pistaca atlantica extract can be recommended to improve mild to moderate acne. However, a longer study with larger sample size is needed to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this plant.

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Today, the valuable metabolites of microalgae are widely used in the production of many cosmetic products, as the biomass of algae contains pigments, proteins, essential fatty acids, polysaccharides, vitamins and minerals, all of which are present in both natural foods and cosmetics are used. In fact, these secondary metabolites with anti-blemish and anti-microbial, anti-aging, sunscreen and skin whitening effects can repair and heal the skin and protect the skin from UV damage and prevent inflammation. Existing cosmetics can in many cases be replaced with microalgae-derived cosmetics that are environmentally friendly as well as safe. The effects of microalgae and their derivatives have been tested in various nutritional studies around the world. However, there are very few studies on their cosmetic applications, so in this review article we tried to study several species of microalgae, cultivation methods, use of biomass and bioactive molecules derived from microalgae in the production of anti-aging products, sunscreen and skin whitening in the formulation of cosmetic compounds.

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Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms which are the result of permanent exposure to stressful conditions such as high or low temperature, high salinity, osmotic pressure, ultraviolet radiation (uv), contain valuable bioactive compounds in cosmetic products .the existing cosmetic products can be replaced with the cosmetic products that are compatible with the environment and can be included in the topical formulations of skin care such as moisturizers, Anti-wrinkles, anti - aging and anti - acne. In addition, the extracts from these microalgae are used to make sunscreen to treat skin pigmentation and improve wounds; therefore most commercial cosmetics have a wide range of natural compounds extracted from cyanobacteria and this leads to increasing antioxidant, regenerative, moisturizer, shielding and brighteners for both hair and skin. In this article the cosmetic use of cyanobacteria extract and dried powder in improving the appearance and health skin have been investigated. Furthermore, analyzing the brand of Spirulina has been discussed.

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Treatment of chronic conditions like diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is challenging due to increased susceptibility for infection and delayed wound healing. Complexity of existing therapy, adverse effects and microbial resistance emphasizes the need of an alternative approach for the management of DFU. The increasing body of evidence associated with probiotic application in diverse disease states merits its use in wound healing and infection too. Different probiotic strains have shown their efficacy in various infections like gut infections, oral infections and urogenital infections. Experimental studies have demonstrated probiotics’ ability for gastric ulcer healing. Underlying mechanism of the above therapeutic effects of probiotics involves modulation of local and systemic immunity. The hypothesis is based on the concept that mechanism of anti-infective and ulcer healing action of probiotics will be similar in peripheral wounds and ulcers as on any other part of the body. This paper focuses on the hypothesis that topical formulation of probiotics may be effective for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.

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Bacteria are natural sources of metabolites that exhibit diverse bioactive properties, including wound healing, antioxidative, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Two important groups of bacteria with wound healing potential are polysaccharides and peptides. In addition to cellulose, bacteria produce various polysaccharides (such as exopolysaccharides) with wound healing potential. The most common bacterial peptides used in wound healing studies are bacteriocins and lipopeptides. The aim of this article is to review recent literature on the potential of wound healing in vitro and in vivo by polysaccharides and peptides derived from bacteria (Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria). For this reason, a search was conducted in scientific research databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Wiley, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, BMC Springer and MDPI with the keywords polysaccharide, peptide, bacteriocins, lipopeptides, streptomyces, bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, cyanobacteria and wound healing. The overall results showed that polysaccharides and peptides and peptides derived from bacteria show wound healing power both in vitro and in vivo. In living models, including animals and humans, these metabolites have a positive effect on wound healing by inhibiting pathogens, antioxidant activity, modulating the inflammatory response, moisturizing the wound environment, promoting the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes, increasing collagen synthesis, remodeling, epithelialization and angiogenesis. Therefore, peptides and polysaccharides derived from bacteria play a significant role in wound healing.

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Bacteria are natural sources of metabolites that exhibit diverse bioactive properties, including wound healing, antioxidative, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. Two important groups of bacteria with wound healing potential are polysaccharides and peptides. In addition to cellulose, bacteria produce various polysaccharides (such as exopolysaccharides) with wound healing potential. The most common bacterial peptides used in wound healing studies are bacteriocins and lipopeptides. The aim of this article is to review recent literature on the potential of wound healing in vitro and in vivo by polysaccharides and peptides derived from bacteria (Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria). For this reason, a search was conducted in scientific research databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Wiley, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, BMC Springer and MDPI with the keywords polysaccharide, peptide, bacteriocins, lipopeptides, streptomyces, bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, cyanobacteria and wound healing. The overall results showed that polysaccharides and peptides and peptides derived from bacteria show wound healing power both in vitro and in vivo. In living models, including animals and humans, these metabolites have a positive effect on wound healing by inhibiting pathogens, antioxidant activity, modulating the inflammatory response, moisturizing the wound environment, promoting the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes, increasing collagen synthesis, remodeling, epithelialization and angiogenesis. Therefore, peptides and polysaccharides derived from bacteria play a significant role in wound healing.
 

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Skin infections caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have become a serious challenge in the field of antibacterial therapies, especially in the context of antibiotic resistance. In this regard, the simultaneous use of classical antibiotic combinations with advanced nanostructures is considered a novel and effective approach. Narasin, an ionophore antibiotic of natural origin, has a high potential in inhibiting bacterial growth due to its ability to disrupt cell membrane function and ion transport. On the other hand, silica nanostructures, especially mesoporous silica nanoparticles, play an important role in enhancing antibacterial activity due to their properties such as biocompatibility, drug loading capability, controlled release, and production of reactive oxygen species.
Recent studies have shown that the combination of narasin with silica nanostructures enhances the synergistic antibacterial effects, increases drug stability, and improves penetration into bacterial biofilms. This combination has also been effective in reducing the dosage and systemic toxicity. Despite promising results in laboratory and animal models, challenges such as the assessment of cytotoxicity, precise release control, and the need for extensive clinical studies remain.
In this article, while comprehensively reviewing the properties and functions of narasin and silica nanostructures, the mechanisms of their combined effects on skin pathogenic bacteria are discussed and future prospects in the development of nanobiotechnological therapies are reviewed.