Showing 15 results for Melanoma
Bijan Dowlati, Ali Kazerouni-Timsar,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (6-2010)
Abstract
Multiple surgical methods are available for the management of malignant melanoma. Often, these methods have limitations in terms of the ability of obtaining margin clearance in the context of an appropriate cosmetic outcome. This article, briefly reviews the use of different simple and excisional techniques as well as that of Mohs micrographic in the surgical management of malignant melanomas
Omid Zargari, Kambiz Kianifar,
Volume 1, Issue 4 (12-2010)
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the acetylated metabolite of cysteine and is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating acetaminophen toxicity. By boosting glutathione, NAC acts as an antioxidant and through replenishing glutathione, it can also prevent paracetamol toxicity. From the other hand, NAC has mucolytic and antiinflammatory effects and also is a glutamate precursor and therefore can be used in a variety of diseases. Regarding the various pharmacological effects of NAC and its low rate of adverse events, NAC has attracted increasing interest for a range of indications during the recent years. Here, the possible applications of this drug in dermatology are reviewed.
Ameneh Yazdanfar, Elham Ghasemi,
Volume 2, Issue 2 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Skin cancers are one of the most common malignancies in the world and create a high rate of morbidity but low rate of mortality with the exception of malignant melanoma that has a high mortality rate. In recent decades, incidence of skin cancer has been increased. The most important risk factors are sunlight and skin type. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of skin cancers in patients who were admitted to Sina Hospital of Hamedan during a 17-year period.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 951 patients with different types of skin cancer, entered in the study. For each patient, data related to age, gender, location, occupation, pathologic type of cancer and site of skin involvement, were collected.
Results: The mean age (mean±standard deviation) of patients was 61.6±15.3 years (2-100 yrs) and most of them (67.2%) were males and workers (%38). The most common pathologic types of skin cancer were basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (59%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (29%). The most frequent site of tumor expression was face (61.2%) and the least frequent involved site was genitalia (0.4%).
Conclusion: This study showed that skin cancer is more common in males, old patients and workers. It was more common on the face. Screening program for detection of this disease at an earlier stage of elderly men especially in sun exposed occupations is recommended.
Azita Nikoo, Kambiz Kamyab Hesari,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (12-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Consumption of the epidermis (COE) is defined as thinning of the epidermis with attenuation of the basal and suprabasal layers and loss of rete ridges in areas of direct contact with malignant melanocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of COE as an additional diagnostic criterion for malignant melanoma and to evaluate its relationship to clinicopathological findings.
Methodes: The age, gender, localization of the lesion and the histopathological parameters such as tumor type, Breslow thickness, ulceration, and Clark's level were recoeded in 90 malignant melanoma cases.
Results: In contrast to other studies, we found that COE was more common in tumors with an acral localization and in the acral lentiginous melanoma.
Conclusion: Although COE can be used as a pathological criterion in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma, but no correlation no of COE with ulceration and other prognostic factors were found.
Pedram Noormohammadpour, Amirhooshang Ehsani, Mostafa Mirshams Shashahani, Fatemeh Shahmohammadi, Fatemeh Gholamali,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Malignant melanoma is one of the most lethal skin tumors. Its prevalence and demographic specifications are different in European and western countries from those in the Middle East. This study was aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of malignant melanoma in Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the patients with the diagnosis of malignant melanoma who atteneded the tumor clinic of Razi Hospital, Tehran, Iran were included. Demographic and clinical data were registered in specific questionnaires. Histopathology findings were also recorded in the questionnaires.
Results: A total of 2500 patients attending tumor clinic of Razi Hospital were evaluated. Out of them, 166 cases had malignant melanoma including 89 (53.6%) females and 77 males (46.4%). The mean age of patients 60.5 years. History of chronic sun exposure was found in 65 (39.2%) cases. Mean delay time between commencement of lesion and diagnosis was 9 months. The most common histopathologic type was acral lentiginous and the most common observed stage of tumor was Clark 3. The most common frequent observed tumor site was head and neck which was followed by limbs.
Conclusion: Malignant melanoma is common in patients with skin tumors in Iran. Considering morbidity and mortality of malignant melanoma and the relatively high stages of tumors, at the fist time the patients sought medical care, screening programs seems to be necessary to find the patients in earlier stages, as well as the mass education. Some of our findings such as the most common location of the tumors, family history and relation with dysplastic naevies, remain to be confirmed in studies with larger sample sizes.
Fatemeh Valipoori Goodarzi, Javad Hadadnia, Maryam Hashemiyan,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer constitutes and 75% of all cancers in the world. Malignant melanoma is the most invasive and lethal form of skin cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate infrared thermography in differentiation of benign and malignant skin lesions.
Methods: This study was conducted on 120 patients (60 female, 60 male) with a lesion suspicious for melanoma and identifying the type of lesion (benign or malignant) based on thermal model using Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering. In this imaging method, the difference on temperature responses between the normal and abnormal tissue was compared and data obtained was compared with biopsy results.
Results: In 120 cases studied, 3 cases of skin cancer (2 male, 1 female) were found which all could be detected based on analysis of thermal images.
Conclusion: At present, new methods for the detection of skin cancer, especially non-invasive diagnostic tools, have been discovered in several laboratories. The method presented in this paper could be considered as a non-invasive and cost effective method for the detection of skin cancer.
Mohammd Ebrahimzade Ardakani, Mohammad Akhavan Tafti, Najme Dehghanizade,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Malignant melanoma is a rare and most malignant type of skin cancer which is originated from melanocytes. It is capable of infiltrating into interior organs and could cause mortality. The aim of this study is to analyze the survival of patients with malignant melanoma according to their age, gender, mitosis count, tumor thickness, level of lymphocyte infiltration, tumor location and the stage of the tumor.
Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study which has been done on, the data of 61 patients with malignant melanoma registered in pathology laboratory of Shahid Sadoughi hospital, Yazd. A questionnaire was used to collect the data via phone call, examining pathology slides and reviewing patients information.
Results: The average survival time was 61.09±6.12 months.The mean age of the patients was 67.9±6.0 with the range of 18 to 89 years. Stage Ι had the best and stage ΙΙΙ and VΙ had the worst prognosis. The best survival rate was seen in malignant melanomas located on trunk, head and neck. Malignant melanoma of extremities had the worst prognosis. There was a statistically significant relationship between survival rate and stage (P=0.033) as well as the location of the tumor (P=0.0421).
Conclusion: The survival of patients with malignant melanoma in Yazd had a statistically significant relationship with stage and the location of tumor but there was no significant relationship with mitosis count, gender, age, tumor depth and lymphocyte infiltration.
Fatemeh Valipoori Goodarzi, Javad Haddadnia, Maryam Hashemiyan,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Malignant melanoma is one of the most dangerous types of skin cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate Spatial Thermographic Imaging (STI) in differentiating benign from malignant skin lesions.
Methods: One-hundred and ten STI images were taken from the volunteers who had lesions being suspected for malignant melanoma. Benignity or malignancy of lesions was determined according to the changes detected in tissue using texture filters. The STI data were compared with histopathology results.
Results: Out of 110 investigated patients with STI, three cases of malignant melanoma were found. Two cases were in men and the other one was in a woman. Accuracy of STI in diagnosis of malignant melanoma was 98%.
Conclusion: STI may potentially be used as a non-invasive method for the detecting skin malignant melanoma.
Foroughossadat Ghasemzadeh, Kobra Etminani, Ali Arab-Kheradmand, Seyed Benyamin Hosseini Moini, ,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC), including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer in Iran. This study aimed to infer implicit information in the cases of NMSC patients referred to the Cancer Institute of Tehran.
Methods: A number of 865 cases of NMSC related to 2007-2015 years were selected from the archives of Cancer Institute using simple random sampling method. Initially, epidemiological variables, were extracted and after preprocessing of the data, descriptive statistics were used to classify and graphic display of information.
Results: The mean age for patients was identified 65 years and the highest and lowest numbers of cases were in age groups of 69-60 and 19-10 years respectively. The incidence of SCC was higher than BCC in the first four age decades and this trend was reversed in the next decades. About 56% of cases were BCC and 44% were SCC and frequency of NMSC in men was 2/33 times more than women. The head/neck and trunk were the highest and lowest involved positions. The disease had relapsed at least twice in 32% of cases. The disease history showed that most of patients were previously affected by kinds of cancers, cardiovascular or metabolic diseases. The occupation of 114 patients was found to be as high-risk jobs. Most patients were referred to Cancer Institute from northern and western parts of the country.
Conclusion: Along with other studies, we found more cases of BCC than SCC, involvement of patients over 60 years at the head-neck and a previous history of cancer. But against other studies, SCC cases was found more in the first four decades of life than BCC cases, feet affected twice than hands and the locality of most cases was found in high latitudes. Patient records are potential resources that can help management of the diseases.
Keyvan Ezimand, Ataolah Abdolahi Kakroodi, Mohammad Javanbakht,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Environmental and climatic conditions in different geographical areas provide the basis for certain diseases. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, with a different incidence rate in geographical areas. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of climate and environmental factors on skin cancer and to map the geographical distribution of skin cancer in Iran.
Methods: This study was performed using data of patients with skin cancer, population and data of climatic and environmental factors that affect skin cancer incidence. In this study, after calculating the incidence of skin cancer rate for the whole country, we used the Geographically Weighted Regression model to establish a regression relationship between climate and environmental data and the incidence of skin cancer. The coefficient of detection between the map of incidence of skin cancer and its model map was calculated.
Results: Correlation coefficients showed that sun UV and relative humidity had the highest positive and negative correlation with the incidence of skin cancer, respectively. The southern, eastern and central regions of Iran had the highest incidence of skin cancer rate and the northern and northwestern coasts of Iran had the lowest incidence rate. Validating of actual incidence rate map and the modeled incidence rate map indicated a coefficient of detection of 0.71.
Conclusion: All of the climate and environmental parameters in this study contributed to in the incidence of skin cancer.
Ali Sadeghi Urmia, Babak Barati, Javid Taghinejad,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2018)
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic condition. Some cancers are inherited, but most are caused by mutations in somatic cells. The cause of these mutations is inherent error in the transcription of DNA or exposure to carcinogens. Malignant melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer which develops from pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes. The most potent risk factors for melanoma is the presence of multiple benign moles or abnormal spots, and family history of melanoma. Metastasis is a complex multi-stage process that results in development of secondary malignant growths and the spread of cancer cells to other areas of the body leading to patient’s death. Melanoma metastases are mainly to the lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and central nervous system. The aim of this article is to review the mechanisms of development and metastasis of melanoma by searching database such as SID, Google Scholar, American Electronic Library,Springer and PubMed.
Pegah Abbasi, Maryam Peymani, Dariush Farhud, Hamidreza Mahmoudi, Kamran Ghaedi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Considering the high global incidence of skin cancer and the high mortality rate caused by melanoma, it is important to identify the genes involved in this disease and predict effective drugs. Therefore, in this study, we have identified and investigated the expression level of effective and key genes in melanoma metastasis, as well as investigating their diagnostic potential as biological markers and finding effective drugs on the expression of these genes.
Methods: In this study, we have used 46 cancer samples without metastasis and 12 cancer samples with metastasis from the GEO database and from the GSE15605 study with 74 samples including 16 normal samples. Gene expression profile in this study was generated by GPL570 platform containing 54675 probes. The latest GPL570 annotation file has been downloaded and initial processing was done.
Results: The results showed that the expression level of candidate genes in metastasis samples had a significant change compared to normal samples. The results of analysing the data related to candidate genes in this study indicated that the drugs Glucosamine, Ad-E2F-1 plus Doxorubicn, GSI, Torcetrapib, Ribavirin and NSC319726 could be effective on the expression of MYH10, SPRR3 and TOP2A genes, respectively. On the other hand, the results from the drug bank database revealed that various drugs such as Amsacrine, Dexrazoxane, Valrubicin, Teniposide can have an inhibitory role on the TOP2A gene.
Conclusion: GEO database was used to identify key genes in melanoma metastasis and DRUGBANK was used to identify drugs that affect the expression of these genes.
Fatemeh Yazdani Hamid,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2022)
Abstract
Skin cancers are highly prevalent malignancies that affect millions of people worldwide. These include melanomas and nonmelanoma skin cancers. Melanomas are among the most dangerous cancers, while nonmelanoma skin cancers generally exhibit a more benign clinical pattern; however, they may sometimes be aggressive and metastatic.
Melanomas typically appear in body regions exposed to the sun, although they may also appear in areas that do not usually get sun exposure. Thus, their development is multifactorial, comprising endogenous and exogenous risk factors. The management of skin cancer depends on the type; it is usually based on surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. In this respect, oncological treatments have demonstrated some progress in the last years; however, current therapies still present various disadvantages such as little cell specificity, recurrent relapses, high toxicity, and increased costs. Furthermore, the pursuit of novel medications is expensive, and the authorization for their clinical utilization may take 10-15 years. Thus, repositioning of drugs previously approved and utilized for other diseases has emerged as an excellent alternative. In this mini-review, we aimed to provide an updated overview of drugs’ repurposing to treat skin cancer and discuss future perspectives.
Farnaz Valizadeh,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (11-2023)
Abstract
Virtually all deaths in young patients with advanced skin tumors are caused by melanoma. Today, thanks to modern treatments, these patients survive longer or can even be cured. Advanced melanoma is often associated with a poor prognosis, and physicians continue to believe that the disease is difficult to treat due to the lack of durable response to initial treatment regimens and the lack of randomized clinical trials in the post-immunotherapy/targeted molecular therapy setting. New therapeutic targets are emerging based on preclinical data on the genetic profile of melanocytes and the identification of molecular factors involved in the pathogenesis of malignant transformations. In this article, we present the challenges of diagnosis, molecular biology and genetics of malignant melanoma, as well as current treatment options for patients with this diagnosis.
Pegah Tamimi, Parham Tamimi, Aliasghar Ghaderi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (2-2024)
Abstract
Dysregulation of long non-coding RNA may lead to various diseases including cancer. Recently, many lincRNAs have been discovered for their important roles in melanoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). These long non-coding RNAs are involved in skin cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
Some long non-coding RNAs are upregulated in Non-melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC), including PICSAR, PRECSIT, LINC01048, MALAT1, LINC00319, AK144841 in SCC and H19, CASC15, SPRY4-IT in BCC. In contrast, some long non-coding RNAs are down-regulated in SCC, including TINCR, SMRT-2, and LINC00520.
Many non-coding RNAs are specifically expressed in certain tissues or cells, and others are associated with tumor staging, drug resistance, and prognosis. Hence, non-coding RNAs can be used as diagnostic and prognostic tools in skin cancers.
