Showing 9 results for Sunscreen
Shiva Golmohammadzadeh, Mahmoud Reza Jaffari, Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Fatemeh Imani,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2010)
Abstract
Background and aim: Saffron possesses a lot of medical applications in traditional medicine. One of its properties is ultraviolet (UV) light absorption. The aim of this study was preparation, determination of properties and investigating sun protevtive effects of nanoliposomes containing saffron extract and safranal, a substance existing in saffron.
Methods: Nanoliposomal hydroalcoholic extract of saffron stigma in concentrations 2%, 4%, 8% and nanoliposomal safranal in concentrations 0.25% , 0.5% and 1% were prepared. Standard lotion of homosalate 8% was used according to FDA standards for sun protection factor (SPF) determination and assessment of accuracy of the method. SPFs of substances were calculated in vitro by diluted solvent method using Mansur, et al equation and absorptiometry.
Results: SPf of Nanoliposomal saffron 8% extract was significantly higher than standard sunscreen homosalate with similar concentration. SPFs of safranal (1% and 0.5%) component of saffron were significantly higher than the standard sunscreen homosalate 8%.
Conclusion: Saffron can act as a sunscreen. Safranal existing in saffron is much more sun protective than standard substance, homosalate 8%. Thus , the safranal existing in saffron may have significant sun protective effect in low concentration if encapsulated in liposome.
Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi, Hesam Alibakhshi,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (12-2013)
Abstract
The use of sunscreens should also be recommended in order to work against all kind of ultarviolet (UV)-induced skin damage such as photoallergies, skin wrinkles, sunburn or even skin cancer. Sunscreens contain chemical filters (organic absorb regularly UVB radiation) and physical filters (e.g., TiO2 and ZnO). The second group has been said to reflect and scatter UVB and UVA radiation. TiO2 is also extensively used in sunscreen formulations as active broadband sunscreens that blocks both UVB (290–320 nm) and UVA (320–400 nm). Although titanium dioxide is listed as a safe pigment, with no known adverse effects when it is used in cosmetics, but we should concern about ultrafine or nanoparticle form of titanium dioxide. If titanium dioxide particles used to act as a sunscreen are small enough, they can penetrate the cells, leading to photocatalysis within the cell, and cause DNA damage after exposure to sunlight.
Mohammad Azad, Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi, Alireza Firooz,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2014)
Abstract
Although ultraviolet rays constitute a small portion of the sunlight, they are destructive on skin. Ultraviolet rays cause sunburn, skin damage and skin cancers. Sunscreens are one of the most widely used cosmetic products which protect skin from cancer or other damages. There are two categories of sunscreen agents: chemical and physical. Physical sunscreens containing zinc oxide work through two mechanisms of reflection and scattering. Physical sunscreens are non-allergenic, non-irritating and non-comedogenic. Currently, by using zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen formulation, both prevention of harmful sun rays and receiving cosmetic benefits are achieved.
Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi, Hurnaz Hassanzade, Taraneh Yazdanparast, Shadi Marami Zenouz, Mehdi Mohiti Asli, Alireza Firooz,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Sunscreens are an important part of photoprotection strategy. They are exposed to strict safety evaluation using human subjects such as in vivo studies of skin irritation. Biophysical parameters measurements could be used as fast and noninvasive methods to measure any destructive effect of cosmetic formulations on skin application sites.
Methods: Five sunscreens were selected from Iran's market to determine changes in Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration, pH, melanin and hemoglobin contents by biometric assessments with MPA 580Cutometer®.
Results: There was no significant change in skin pH, melanin and hemoglobin contents before and after sunscreen application. Significant change in TEWL and stratum corneum hydration after use of some sunscreens might be contributed by the occlusive and humectant ingredients which used in base cream.
Conclusion: Application of the studied sunscreens on human volunteers has not shown any adverse effects and these formulations could be recommended to use.
Iman Bagherpour, Razieh Zare,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Considering the prevalence of sunburn and its complications and the importance of preventing it, we conducted a study to compare a brand sunscreen with SPF = 60 (cream A) and a domestic sunscreen with SPF = 50 (cream B) in hikers.
Methods: The clinical trial was carried out on 50 participants in shiraz. 0.4 ml of the cream A was applied to one side of face and the same amount of cream B was applied to other side as control. The participants were exposed to the sun for 5 hours. The assessment was performed 3 hours after the onset by a dermatologist and 24 hours later by the participants themselves based on erythema, burning, itching and satisfaction with the products. The data were analyzed using McNemar and chi-square tests.
Results: Cream B in 82.2% and A in 76.2% of cases prevented sunburn. Also, the participants' satisfaction was 95% and 82% for using B and A creams, respectively. Sunscreen A and B did not show significant difference in prevention of sunburn, but side effects such as burning and itching were observed more in cream A and paricipants satifaction was more with cream B.
Conclusion: Overall cream B had less side effects and participants were more satisfied with it.
Kamand Hedayat, Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi, Hossein Rastegar, Fatemeh Zolfaghari, Alireza Firooz,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (1-2018)
Abstract
Application of sunscreens is one of the most important ways for skin protection against sunburn, early skin aging and skin cancer.
Due to variety of sunscreen products, it is necessary to assure their protection ability against the sun’s damages. Performance assessment of sunscreens against UVB expressed by sun protection factor. Due to great cost of determination methods of this factor in foreign countries, developing a comprehensive protocol for in vivo SPF determination in Iran would have distinct benefits.
In this study four international standards have been reviewed and compared for Sun Protection Factor (SPF) determination including ISO24444, FDA2011, AS/NZS 2604:2012 and CEN 2006. The general process of in vivo SPF determination is similar in these protocols but there are some obvious differences in details that leading to advantages and disadvantages for each of them.
In this study a complete document were collected, then regarding to available facilities and with cooperation of Iran food and drug organization a comprehensive in vivo SPF determination protocol will be developed.
Kamand Hedayat, Saman Ahmad Nasrollahi, Hossein Rastegar, Fatemeh Zolfaghari, ,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2018)
Abstract
Sunscreen products are among the most important ways for skin protection against sunburn, early skin aging and skin cancer. Due to existing wide variation of sunscreens, it is necessary to assure their protection ability against the sun damage. Performance assessment of sunscreen products against UVA is expressed by sun UVA protection factor (UVA-PF). Because currently these factors are determined in foreign countries at high cost, developing a comprehensive protocol for UVA-PF determination in Iran would have distinct benefits.
The two standards, CEN 2006 and FDA 2007, introduce persistent pigment darkening (PPD) method for UVA-PF in vivo determination, while following the same principles are different in details. For in vitro UVA-PF determination, 4 standards CEN 2006, FDA 2007, FDA 2011 and ISO 24443 provided protocols, which two of them (CEN 2006 and FDA 2011) proposed critical wavelength method. On the other side, FDA 2007 offered modified Diffey method. ISO 24443 approved that and considering in vitro UVA-PF determination correlated with PPD method.
In this review, complete documents were collected, and the available facilities and setups, with cooperation of Iran Center for Food and Drug Control Labs, a comprehensive UVA-PF determination protocol for Iranian sunscreen products was developed.
Bahareh Nowruzi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (8-2022)
Abstract
One of the most important functions of the skin is to protect against various stressors. Environmental stimuli such as UV and environmental pollution increase reactive oxygen species and cause wrinkles and skin aging. Skin aging is associated with decreased collagen production and decreased activity of enzymes involved in collagen structure. Moisturizing chemicals increase the skin's ability to retain water, but long-term use can have adverse effects on human skin, such as allergies and even tumorigenic effects. As a result, the use of biological resources, especially photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria, as safe alternatives is increasing. The mechanism by which cyanobacteria respond to ultraviolet radiation is the synthesis of ultraviolet compounds such as mycosporin-like amino acids and scytonemin. In addition, the exopolysaccharides produced by some species that live in extremely dry habitats can be used as moisturizers in cosmetics. In this study, we introduce the potential of cyanobacterial metabolites as alternative sources for sunscreens and moisturizers.
Mahdi Mirzaei Alavijeh, Mahin Amini, Farzad Jalilian,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers. Numerous studies have shown the positive effect of using sunscreen creams in preventing skin cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the inequality in the use of sunscreen cream.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in Kermanshah city. Data was collected using questionnaire by interview. Concentration index and curve were used to quantify and analyze inequality in sunscreen use. The results of adjusted odds ratio and decomposition analysis for sunscreen use were also estimated.
Results: 14.39% used sunscreen. The ratio of use in men was 5.65% and in women was 21.72%. The concentration index for sunscreen use (P<0.001) was 0.344, which indicates the greater concentration of sunscreen use among the rich. The rich groups are 3.72 times more likely to use sunscreen than the poor, and people in the middle class are also 1.48 times more likely to use sunscreen. The highest share of participation in the creation of inequality in sunscreen consumption was achieved by the socio-economic status variable with 61.26%, education level with 13.23% and age with 13.02%.
Conclusion: The focus of health promotion interventions should target groups with low socio-economic status. Men and less educated people should be prioritized in the development and implementation of interventions.
