Journal of Dental Medicine

Background and Aims: Endocrown is a type of monoblock restoration using the pulp chamber and remaining coronal tooth structure for retention. Advancements in adhesive techniques have breathed fresh spirit into endocrown. Nowadays, there are two approaches for endocrown: conventional approach and  biomimetic approach. This study aimed to review data on the steps and clinical and philosophical points of using these approaches to help dentists’ selection and performance.
Materials and Methods: The review was conducted by reviewing the articles available in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from 1995 to 2022. The keywords used were; Crown, Endodontically-treated teeth, Light-curing of dental adhesive, Onlay, and Post-Core.  
Results: After removing duplicates, titles/abstracts were reviewed. Animal studies, studies without available full text or non-English language studies were excluded from the study. Then, the full texts of the remaining 59 articles were evaluated and 49 articles were eligible for the present study. The articles included clinical trials, in vitro, systematic reviews, and case reports.
Conclusion: Endocrown is a successful alternative to crown, especially in molar teeth. Regardless of the conventional or biomimetic approach, this treatment has a more favorable fracture pattern while preserving the remaining tooth tissue as much as possible.

Background and Aims: Temporomandibular disorders refer to a set of musculoskeletal problems that affect the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and surrounding anatomical structures. These disorders are associated with symptoms such as pain, click, asymmetry, or reduced maximum opening. The etiology of many temporomandibular disorders is complex, for this reason the initial treatments must be reversible and non-invasive. The use of occlusal splints is effective in reducing symptoms, and therefore, it is recommended in early and even long-term treatment of these disorders. These appliances play major role in developing conditions such as stabilizing joint position, creating favorable occlusal conditions that lead to normal muscle function, and protecting teeth and supporting structures against dental wear. The purpose of this article was to present a comprehensive review of occlusal splints in Persian language. Materials and Methods: A search on Pubmed and Google scholar databases was done and the keywords "occlusal splints" and "temporomandibular disorders" were used. The inclusion criterion was articles published in English in the field of the types of occlusal splint between 1980 and 2020. Conclusion:  In this review, the occlusal splints and their applications have been introduced.The success or failure of treatment with occlusal splints depends on various factors such as the correct selection of patients, the process of manufacturing, occlusal adjustment of splints, and the patients’ cooperation.

Background and Aims: Despite significant advancements in rehabilitation of edentulism with implants, complications such as implant failure before and after prosthetic loading remain concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of dental implant failure before and after prosthetic loading in some of Yazd dental clinics between 2018 and 2023.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 1060 patients’ files from three public dental clinics were reviewed. These patients were treated by dental implants between April 2018 and June 2023. The collected data included patients’ age and gender, implant diameter, brand, and placement site, type of prosthesis, and fixture failure after surgical and prosthetic phases. Data were statistically analyzed by independent t-tests and chi-square tests.
Results: The mean age of patients was 55.25 ± 12.37 years and 56.3% were female. The frequency of overall implant failure was 3.4%. The implant failure rate after prosthetic loading was 2.8% in females and 2.3% in males (P=0.47). This rate was 2% and 1.9% for maxillary and mandibular implants, respectively (P=0.5). This amount was 2.4% in molar areas,1.7% and 1.8% in premolar and anterior regions, respectively  (P=0.8). Implant failure rate was 1.3% in overdentures, 5.9% in cement-retained, and 3.2% in screw-retained prosthesis (P<0.001). This amount for implants with a diameter less than 3.75 mm was 2.6% and for those with a diameter more than 4.5 mm was 3.7% (P<0.001). Implants with a diameter less than 3.75 mm had a 2.6% failure rate, whereas those with a diameter greater than 4.5 mm had a 3.7% failure rate (P<0.001). The implants failure rate was 1.6% for Dio brand and 2.5% for Dentis (P=0.5).
Conclusion: The overall implant failure rate in this study was 3.4%, of which 1.5% occurred before and 1.9% occurred after prosthetic loading. The frequency of implant failure after loading was significantly associated with the implant diameter and prosthesis type. This was not related to the patient's gender, implant site, or the implant brand.

Background and Aims: Achieving reliable tools for accurate shade matching of ceramic samples is of great importance in restorative and aesthetic dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the Trios5 intraoral scanner in determining the shade of ceramic samples using the Vita Classical Shade Guide (VC).
Materials and Methods: This in-vitro study involved scanning each ceramic sample 15 times by two independent observers using the Trios5 intraoral scanner. The detected shade of each sample was compared with the reference shades of the Vita Classical Shade Guide (VC) and the compatibility of the scanner’s results with the reference shades was assessed. The data were analyzed using SPSS24 software and Pearson correlation and paired t-tests and kappa coefficient at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The highest accuracy of shade detection in both observers was found for shades A2, A3, A3.5, A4, B1, and C4, each with 100% accuracy. The lowest accuracy for both observers was noted for shade A1, with 0% accuracy. The mean overall accuracy for the first and second observers was 64.99% and 63.75%, respectively, with a total overall accuracy of 64.37%. A statistically significant interobserver agreement was observed (P≤0.005).for all shades except B2 (P=0.299).
Conclusion: The Trios5 intraoral scanner can be considered a useful adjunct tool for ceramic shade determination. However, for clinical applications, it is recommended to use it in conjunction with reference tools and complementary methods such as spectrophotometry or visual assessment by experienced clinicians.