Showing 16 results for Type of Study: Applicable
Reza Sharifi, Mohammad Bayat, Sheida Kordi, Afshin Heidari, Mahbubeh Sadat Hasheminasab,
Volume 34, Issue 0 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: This study aimed to collect reports and HIS in a web-based system due to the problems of paper recording of student activities in practical courses, as well as the lack of computers in the departments for observing graphs and treatment plans.
Materials and Methods: The initial graphic design of the website was done after the assessment of needs and the necessary planning for designing the website. The main template of the website was designed after consulting with the faculty and the designer company. A combination of HTML, CSS, JQuery, and Java script was used for static coding and what the user sees or interacts with. Then, the basic information entered the website and the content designer put the website in the designed layout. In the end, a sample hosting space was prepared and the website was fully provided to the professors and faculty officials to work with as an administrator and a user. They conveyed all their opinions and the corrections were made based on the feedback given.
Results: The use of the internet and software with a central database played a significant role in monitoring and evaluating the long-term information of the student and the evaluation of the entire department, universities, and patients in each region up to macro-national evaluations. This could give the expansion and advancement of science in addition to the central registration of documents and radiographs, as well as their ease to access.
Conclusion: The designed website was well received among the students and the attending staff. Introducing a web based logbook and HIS system can optimize the clinical teaching. These logbooks could help both students and staff saving time and resources, and to facilitate providing better personalized care for patients.
Bita Heydarzadeh, Bahareh Tahani, Imaneh Asgari,
Volume 34, Issue 0 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: School teachers have key role in providing the basic health information for their students, and their knowledge, attitude, and practice affect children's oral health through developing of the healthy behaviors. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an oral health education program for primary school teachers on their knowledge, attitude, and practice fields in the framework of oral health promoting schools.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental pre-post study was conducted among five oral health promoting schools in Isfahan city in 2019. A validated and reliable questionnaire including four sections of demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practice was applied for data collection. The questionnaire contained 24 knowledge, 9 attitudes, and 5 practice questions. It was distributed among 63 enrolled teachers at base line and two months later after two educational-emotional workshops. Before and after data were analyzed by SPSS21 (α=0.05) by related samples Wilcoxon signed rank test and background variables by Kruskall-wallis test.
Results: After the educational intervention, their knowledge score increased significantly from 14.1±3.8 to 18.5±3.7 (P<0.001). About 34% of teachers had a high level of knowledge proficiency at the beginning of the study which eventually rose to 76%. Teachers’ attitude decreased significantly from 34.6±5 to 31.4±4.6 (P<0.001). At the beginning of the study, 89% of them had a positive attitude towards oral health programs which decreased to 84% at the end of the study. In the performance part, 63.5% of the teachers paid attention to the fluoride in their toothpaste which reached 87.3% after the workshop and the teachers' performance score increased from 3.07 to 3.39 after the intervention (P<0.012).
Conclusion: The package of educational intervention for teachers in oral health-promoting schools improved the level of knowledge and practice, but slightly reduced the level of attitude. However, due to the importance of changing attitudes in teachers and the existence of structural and programmatic barriers to integrate the health issues into school education, other models need to be evaluated and compared.
Seyed Hadi Hosseini, Fatemeh Ghobadi, Vahid Rezaii, Donya Maleki,
Volume 34, Issue 0 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Knowing the depth and type of the teeth impaction with radiographic approaches can guide the clinicians into selecting the most appropriate treatment and prevent surgical complications. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to evaluate the prevalence of canine and premolar impaction in the digital panoramic view of patients referred to Rasht dental school in 2019.
Materials and Methods: This annalistic-descriptive cross-sectional study comprised patients who attended the Faculty of Dentistry, Rasht, Iran in 2019. Dental records and panoramic radiographs of 500 patients were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic information as well as the type and depth of impaction, involved jaw, and also, the associated pathological lesions were recorded. Data were analyzed with SPSS24 version with significant level of P<0.05.
Results: The findings revealed that among 500 individuals (300 (60%) were females and 200 (40%) were males), 35 individuals (7%) had at least one impacted tooth, 80% of impacted teeth were canines and the others were premolars. The most common impaction type, impaction level, and pathological lesion were mesioangular, B, and carries of the adjacent tooth, respectively. A significant relation was not observed between the type and level of impaction with the involved jaw (P=0.15, P=0.99) and also, the relation between the type of pathological lesion and gender was insignificant (P=0.85).
Conclusion: Functional and esthetic complications of impacted tooth can be prevented or declined by on-time radiographic screening.
Maryam Mohammadi Nodeh, Majid Beshkar, Mohammad Javad Kharazi Fard,
Volume 34, Issue 0 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Fractures of the facial bones and jawbones could cause functional problems along with social and cosmetic problems. Various factors (including road accidents, assault, falling from height, sport injuries, and getting hit by a hard object) could cause these fractures. Collecting and reporting accurate epidemiologic data regarding the facial fractures are major steps toward planning preventive measures. The aim of this study was to collect the epidemiologic data regarding maxillofacial fractures in two referral centers (Shariati and Sina hospitals) in the city of Tehran.
Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional retrospective investigation. All the necessary data were collected from the patients’ files and analyzed using SPSS 25.
Results: The present study pursued data of 454 trauma admitted patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery wards of Shariati and Sina hospitals in 1397 and 1398. These data showed that a number of 374 patients of all patients were men and the other 80 were women. The ratio of male patients to female patients was 4.5:1. In 290 of cases (64%), the fractures occurred as combined fractures and in 164 cases (36%), the fractures occurred as single fracture. These fractures happened mostly in the mandibular bone and in mandibular body, and the least of these fractures happened in Orbit. This study showed that there was a significant relation (with 95% confidence level) between the mandibular body fractures and mandibular angle fractures. This study also showed that there was another significant relation (with 95% confidence level) between the mandibular angle fractures and LeFort 2 fractures. In addition, this study also showed (by using k2 exam) a relation between the etiology of trauma and the number of fractures.
Conclusion: This present study showed that the maxillofacial fractures happened mostly in men much more than women. If we put motorcycle accidents and car accidents in a group together called road accidents, the most common etiology of maxillofacial fractures is road accidents. The results showed that the most fractures happened in the age range of 15-25 year old.
Farzad Imamverdy, Reza Yazdani,
Volume 35, Issue 0 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The most effective way to maintain and improve oral health is tooth brushing to physically remove dental plaque. In this regard, this study was conducted to compare the efficiency of the usual method of each person in comparison with different methods of brushing to remove dental plaque.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 2020, as a randomized and open clinical trial with 72 non-dental male and female students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this study, the usual method of tooth brushing with Modified Bass and Scrub Horizontal methods after training was evaluated in two random groups with plaque and gingival indices. Plaque index as a percentage and gingival index as a number (numbers between 0-1 mild inflammation, 1.1-2 moderate inflammation, 2-3 severe inflammation) were reported. The results were analyzed using SPSS25 software and paired t-test and variance equality test.
Results: The efficiency of the usual tooth brushing method in comparison with the two Modified Bass and Scrub Horizontal methods using two indicators of dental plaque and gingival indices was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Each method alone after tooth brushing significantly removed dental plaque (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the efficiency of the usual method of tooth brushing compared to trained methods in removing dental plaque and reducing gingivitis in short-term evaluation was not statistically significant.
Fatemeh Kazemi Bidhendi, Mahshid Mohammadi Basir, Doctor Mohammad Bagher Rezvani, Doctor Ali Khodabakhsh, Hossein Labbaf, Mohammad Amin Fahimi,
Volume 35, Issue 0 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Finishing and polishing of composites is a critical step influencing the clinical service of restorations. The aim of this article was to evaluate and compare the effect of two liquid polishes on the polish retention of two nanocomposites.
Materials and Methods: Eighty standardized disk-shaped specimens (4×2 mm) were prepared from two nanocomposites (n=40), including one nano-filled composite (Filtek Z350 XT-3M ESPE, USA) and one nano-hybrid composite (Aelite Aesthetic Enamel-Bisco, Inc. Schaumburg, USA). The specimens were randomly divided into 4 subgroups (n=10) based on the method of finishing (F) and polishing (P) procedures: M: as control, polymerized under Mylar strip; S: finish and polish with a sequence of Sof-Lex discs (3M ESPE, USA); SP: finish and polish with Sof-Lex discs and use of Permaseal liquid polish (Ultradent products, Inc. USA); SB: finish and polish with Sof-Lex discs and use of Biscover liquid polish (Bisco, Inc. Schaumburg, USA). The specimens were undergone pH cycling and brushing machine and then, the average surface roughness (Ra) and average profile changes along the desired area (Rz) of the specimens were determined with profilometer instrument. Two-way and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the mean of surface roughness. Then, Tukey test was used to identify the groups responsible for the difference and t-test was used to compare the mean of surface roughness.
Results: The type of composite and the method of polishing procedure had no effect on the mean Ra (P=0.733) but it had significant effect on Rz1 factor (P=0.025).
Conclusion: Using liquid polish after polishing discs had no effect on the polish retention of nanocomposites.
Sara Ghadimi, Bahman Seraj, , Mohammad Javad Kharazi Fard, Masoud Kiani, Marzieh Salehi Shahrabi,
Volume 35, Issue 0 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Selecting the appropriate education evaluation method and the effects of this choice according to different fields of medical sciences, is one of the current priorities of medical education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a checklist for evaluating the practical skills of dental students and to get compared with the global ranking method.
Materials and Methods: A checklist was developed for the assessment of clinical skills of the practical pediatric course according to an action research method. 32 students were evaluated by the checklist method and 32 students were evaluated by the conventional global rating method (sampling was based on available sample). Faculty staff and students’ satisfaction regarding the two methods were reported by a 6-scaled measure and statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. The students' scores by the two methods were subjected to paired t test for comparison.
Results: The students were more satisfied with the checklist method (P=0.003). The faculty staff considered a greater ability of the checklist method to differentiate between the students (P=0.03). However, in terms of ease of use and suitability, most faculty staff preferred the traditional method (P=0.02). In other cases, there were no significant differences in the views of students and faculty staff towards the two methods.
Conclusion: In the present study, both Checklist and global rating methods were valuable for evaluation, although due to the greater satisfaction of students and faculty staff with the developed checklist method, the possibility of identifying the weak points leading to decreased scores and better assessment of capabilities, this checklist can be used for evaluation instead.
Masoud Safari, Faezeh Soltani, Shirzad Safari, Samad Darabian,
Volume 35, Issue 0 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Oral health is a necessity and part of general health and its importance in childhood is more than ever. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents in Delfan city-Iran about oral health of their 6-12-year-old children in 2021.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study that was performed on 365 parents of 6-12-year-old children in Delfan city. Convenience sampling was used. The questionnaires included four sections: demographic information, knowledge, attitude and practice about oral health. Data were entered in SPSS23. Independent t-test, analysis of variance and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. Significance level was considered 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the subjects was 36.5±7.1. 201 of parents were mothers. Parents' knowledge and attitude were good and their performance was fair. There was a statistically significant relationship between all three variables of knowledge, attitude, and practice (P<0.00). Also, there was a statistically significant relationship between the knowledge and education (P<0.00), mother job (P<0.04), father job (P<0.00), and economic status (P<0.00). There was a statistically significant relationship between the attitude with education (P<0.00), mother job (P<0.04), father job (P<0.01), and economic status (P<0.01), There was a statistically significant relationship between practice and education (P<0.00), mother job (P<0.01), father job (P<0.00), and economic status (P<0.00) of parents.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge, attitude, and practice with education level, job and economic status. Therefore, oral health education for parents with low educational and economic level should be highly considered.
Shahin Shams, Alireza Sharifinejad, Ali Saleh, Pedram Mahmoodi, Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi, Mohammad Mehdizadeh,
Volume 36, Issue 0 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Management of pain and inflammation after third molar surgery is an important challenge of this treatment. Various medications have been proposed for pain control after surgery. Comparing the effectiveness of various drugs used in this field can improve dentists' clinical decisions. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Ketorolac and Gelofen on pain relief in patients undergoing third molar surgery.
Materials and Methods: This randomized single-blinded clinical trial was performed on 140 patients who were divided into two groups of 70 after receiving the ethical code. The first group was prescribed 400 mg Gelofen capsule for 1 week, while the second group was prescribed 30 mg ketorolac ampule for 1 week. Then, using the visual analog scale (VAS), the patient’s pain was recorded 48 hours, 1 week, and 2 weeks after surgery. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS20 software by descriptive analysis of the results. Ki-square, T-test, and variance analysis were also used for analysis of variables.
Results: The pain level in the ketorolac group after 48 hours, 1 week, and 2 weeks following surgery was significantly less than Gelofen group (P<0.01). Ketorolac effect on pain was irrelevant to the gender, age, and type of tooth variables.
Conclusion: From the results, it was concluded that Ketorolac had greater effect on pain relief after third molar surgery than Gelofen.
Mohammad Hossein Nekoofar, Ali Gazni,
Volume 36, Issue 0 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Journal of Dental Research is among the dentistry journal with the highest impact factor. This study aimed to map the most important topics for journal editors and readers.
Materials and Methods: The world's active research topics in the field of dentistry related to the Journal of Dental Research in the last 5 years were extracted from SciMapper's SciTrends. Also, we clustered the most cited papers in that journal to show the most important research topics for the journal editors and readers.
Results: We identified and mapped 11 active international research areas in the field of dentistry and related to this journal. Among 146 faculty members of the school of dentistry, 12 had at least one article related to the most active research areas in the journal. In this regard, they had similar articles elated to the 7 clusters out of 13, but their articles are mainly related to the clusters 7 and 19. Among the investigated faculty members, nine had directly collaborated with 21 authors of the mapped clusters. Moreover, 12 faculty members could also connect to the 126 authors with articles in that journal through their scientific collaborators.
Conclusion: One way to publish in a top international journal is to know the most active and interesting research areas for the journal editors and readers. About 8% of the school of dentistry faculty members at Tehran University of Medical Sciences had some research related to the Journal of Dental Research.
Komeil Rezazadeh, Reza Faraji, Manouchehr Rahmati Kamel,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Considering the extensive connections of anatomical components in the head and neck region, it is expected that a change in one of the components of this functional unit will have effects on other parts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of correction of class III skeletal relationship with orthognathic surgery on the angles between cervical vertebrae.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical retrospective study was conducted in 1403 at the orthodontic department of Babol Dental School. 30 patients with class III skeletal malformations in the age group of 18 to 48 years who underwent orthognathic surgery (single jaw or double jaw) and had a good quality lateral cephalometric radiography were randomly selected and available based on entry and exit criteria. Dependent variables including 13 parameters in the cranial (angles of SNA, SNB, ANB and Wits App), cervical (the angle between the OPT and CVT lines with each other and with the true perpendicular line) and craniocervical area (the angle of the OPT and CVT lines with the horizontal planes of the head, including the mandibular and palatal plane) of the head and neck were used to evaluate the angles between the cervical vertebrae. The data were analyzed using SPSS22 software and independent t-test, and in case of non-normality, Will-Coxon test was used.
Results: In this study, a total of 30 samples were examined. None of the measured parameters of the cervical area before and after surgery showed a statistically significant change (P<0.05). By comparing the angles between the cervical vertebrae, the PP/CVT angle in the craniocervical region showed statistically significant changes (P=0.024). The values of PP/OPT, MP/OPT, SN/CVT, and MP/CVT angles increased slightly after surgery, but they were not statistically significant (P≥0.05), which showed a relative increase in the tension of the head on the upper part of the cervical spine.
Conclusion: Changing the position of the jaw following orthognathic surgery could cause head extension, but it had no effect on the position of the first 4 cervical vertebrae.
Sania Azizi, Sepide Arab, Shima Younespour, Atefe Saffar Shahroudi,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: One side effect of orthodontic treatment is microcrack formation during debonding process. Since the type of ligation may affect the applied debonding force, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of ligation method on the enamel microcrack formation following debonding of orthodontic brackets.
Materials and Methods: The present study was an experimental in vitro study. 69 extracted human premolar teeth were divided into 3 groups with 23 teeth by a simple random method. A bracket was bonded on the buccal surface of the teeth, then the desired tooth was placed in a typodont where the rest of the teeth were mounted. Then, the arch wire was passively placed in the bracket slot. The samples were ligated by one of these three methods based on the study group: 1. Oring ligation 2. Tight ligation with a wire ligature for each tooth separately 3. Ligation of all arch teeth together, using a wire ligature. The buccal surfaces of the teeth were observed under a stereomicroscope and the length, location, and the number of microcracks were recorded before and after debonding process. In order to analyze the data, generalized estimating equation analysis was used.
Results: In all three groups, a significant increase was observed in the average total length and number of enamel microcracks following the debonding process. (P<0.001 in all three groups), with no statistically significant difference between the three study groups. However, it was greater in group 2 than that of groups 3 and 1 respectively. In general, the number of new cracks was more in mid-buccal area followed by cervical and occlusal areas.
Conclusion: The debonding process caused an increase in the average total length as well as the number of enamel microcracks. Type of ligation might affect the enamel microcrack formation so that in tight ligation group we had the greatest increase in the enamel damage especially in mid-buccal area of the tooth. Tight ligation method can cause more enamel cracks than O-ring ligation and full arch ligation methods.
Pegah Rahbar, Leila Basir, Nazila Kiani, Milad Soruri,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Anxiety is one of the most important issues in the dental environment for children. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of music on the level of anxiety and cooperation of children during dental treatment.
Materials and Methods: In this study 58 children aged 6 to 8 years were randomly divided into two groups: the intervention group (music played) and the control group (no music played). Children's anxiety was assessed using the Venham Picture Test and Frankel Behavior Rating Scale, and their heart rate was also measured.
Results: The results showed that in the intervention group, the level of anxiety based on the Venham Picture Test and Frankel Behavior Rating Scale was significantly lower. Additionally, the heart rate of children in this group was lower during the treatment (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the use of music as a non-pharmacological method can be beneficial in reducing anxiety and improving the cooperation of children in the dental environment.
Bahareh Sadat Pezeshki, Ali Kazemian, Dr Bahareh Tahani,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Numerous researches have been conducted in the field of dental public health in the country so far, and therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of studies conducted in this field in terms of quantity and coverage of different subjects.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 4 phases in Iran in 2023. The initial phase or the comparative study was to extract the doamins and sub-domains related to the dental public health studies, types of the research dissemination models, and the list of researchers in this field. The second phase included holding virtual Delphi meetings with researchers to finalize the information collecting checklists including the domains and sub-domains. In a virtual group of about 140 researchers, the domains and their proposed sub-domains were discussed and revisions continued until consensus was reached. In the third phase, the necessary data were collected and entered into the forms. The main source for data collection was google scholar profile. The final phase included the design of the system in the Access program for archiving and classifying information with the ability to search and report. Finally, the frequency and relative frequency of research titles were categorized according to the topic and the university conducting the research and the reports presented in the form of graphs and tables.
Results: Based on the first and second phases of the study, the selected model had 6 domains and 11 sub-domains. Epidemiology with the largest share (35%) was first rank, and the health system (30%) and health promotion (19%) ranked second and third, respectively. Ethics (1%) was at the lowest rank. Universities of Tehran (33%), Isfahan (25%) and Shahid Beheshti (22%) had the most publications in the field of community oral health. In the domian of epidemiology, oral health surveys with 204 articles (74%) and oral health risk factors with 69 articles (26%) were the highest number of published articles.
Conclusion: Some sub-domains of the community oral health filed are not well covered that might interrupt their application to improve the oral health situation in the country.
Mohammad Hossein Rostami, Sedighe Sadat Tabatabaei Far, Mohammad Amin Bahrami,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Oral health literacy plays an important role in reducing oral health disparities. Evaluation of oral health literacy can be done at individual and population levels. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating oral health literacy among students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2023.
Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive, applied and cross-sectional. The research population included the students of different academic levels of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, except the final semester students. The sample size was calculated based on the total number of students studying at different levels at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in the second half of the academic year in 2023 using an appropriate statistical formula. Sampling was done in a stratified-random manner according to faculty, field, and level of education. The oral health literacy of the participants based on education level, age, and gender was measured by the oral health literacy adult questionnaire (OHL Adults Questionnaire: OHL-AQ). Data analysis was done using SPSS 27 software and descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage), independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Tukey test.
Results: The findings indicated that the average oral health literacy score of students was 14.75±1.37. Also, there was a statistically significant relationship between the average oral health literacy score of students and the parameters of education level, gender, and age of students (P-value < 0.05). This indictaed that the oral health literacy of students increased in the doctoral level and also with increasing age. In addition, the female students had higher oral health literacy.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the oral health literacy among Shiraz medical students was high. People with higher education level and age had higher level of oral and dental health literacy than people with lower education level and age. Oral and dental health literacy level was higher in girls than boys. It can be suggested that a 1) suitable platform be provided in order to improve the level of education of the society, leading to the improvement of the oral health literacy of the people; 2) regular dental examinations in order to increase the oral health literacy of the society is encouraged and promoted, especially in lower year students; and 3) research in effective training in the field of oral health literacy to increase the oral health literacy of people in the society. |
Mahdieh Pashapour, Reza Faraji, Valiollah Arash, Seyedali Seyedmajidi,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The display of an individual's teeth varies in different facial expressions, which significantly affects the beauty of the lower face and overall appearance. The ideal display of incisors is influenced by lip morphology and is an essential aspect of treatment planning. This study aimed to evaluate the ideal display of incisors at rest in women with different lip forms, as assessed by dentists and laypeople.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2024 at Babol University of Medical Sciences. 46 dentists and 92 laypeople were selected and included in the study in an easy and accessible way. The distance between the uppermost area from the lower edge of the vermilion of the upper lip to the imaginary line between the two commissures was used to classify the lip shape, which was divided into three categories: straight (0-3 mm), medium (3-6 mm) and long (more than 6 mm). Smile images of three women in the age range of 15-30 years were collected and manipulated, resulting in six new images from each original image with varying degrees of incisor display using Photoshop (a total of 18 images). The designed images were randomly placed in a booklet and given to participants, who scored each image on a scale of zero to 100. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 and using the Mann-Whitney test at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: A total of 138 participants took part in the study, including 46 dentists (33.3%), comprising 17 males (37%) and 29 females (63%), and 92 laypeople (66.7%), including 46 males (50.0%) and 46 females (50.0%). Laypeople gave higher scores to images of straight and moderate lip forms than dentists. However, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In addition, dentists gave significantly higher scores to all images related to the long lip form than laypeople (P<0/05). In addition, among laypeople, men gave a higher score than women to images related to straight and moderate lip form, which was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that a 2.5 mm incisal display at rest was suitable for patients with a straight lip form. In general, it can be concluded that by changing the shape of the lip from straight to long, there is a preference for increasing the amount of incisal display in the resting state.
