Journal of Dental Medicine

Odontoma is an odontogenic lesion with epithelial and mesenchymal origin and is composed of differentiated dental parts. Than because of abnormal organization of mature tissues. It seems that it is a hamartoma rather than real tumor. Odontoma is seen in two types of compound & complex.Out of 57 studied cases, 31 cases (54.2%) were of complex type 12 cases (21 %) were compound & 8 cases were of cystic. The age of incidence ranged from 5.5 to 68 years. The mean age in complex odontoma was 27 years & compound type was 19 years. There was no significant difference regarding the sex in the complex type. In compound odontoma women were affected 2 times more than means.Complex type are found in mandibular posterior era ereas more and compound type in anterior regions .In this studied found 12 cases impaction teeth.

Up to now, no complete study was carried out about the prevalence and location of periapical granuloma and radicular cysts from the point of view of clinical symptoms (e.g. pain and swelling fistula) in Iran. The data was collected from the files available in the Department of Pathology, faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. With a consideration on different therapeutic methods. a proper method was selected. Radicular cyst occurred in 59.3 percent of 324 cases while 45.7 percent were granuloma. The most common incidence of these lesions was in the range of 24-25 years old. The most common location of lesions was the maxillary anterior. Sinus tracts occurred in 74 of all cases. 47.3 percent of these patients have been previously received root canal therapy. It is noticeable that 24 percent of all patients were treated endodontically before surgery. Higher incidence of granuloma occurred in small lesions while cysts were more common in large lesions. 232 of all cases showed one of the clinical symptoms, 16% pain, 35.8% swelling and 22.8% fistula. No symptoms were found in 92 cases.

Background and Aim: Fractured anterior teeth can be restored by adhesive bonding of the separated fragment to the remaining tooth structure. This invitro study evaluated the force required for fracture of rebonded fragments which were dried and rewetted for various time intervals prior to bonding.

Materials and Methods: One hundred and eight human mandibular incisors were selected and were divided into 9 groups and then were fractured. The fragments were stored in air at room temperature and ambient humidity. They were air dried for 30 minutes in group 1, 2 and 3,  6 h in group 4 and 5,  24 h in group 6 and 7, and 3 days in groups 8 and 9. The apical parts of the fractured teeth were stored in water.After storage in air, each fragment in group 1 was bonded to the remaining apical tooth structure with a bonding agent and flowable composite.In groups 2, 4, 6 and 8 after air drying the fragments were stored in water for 30min. The time of storage in water in groups 3, 5, 7, 9 was 24 hours. Then each fragment was bonded to the apical part structure. The mean force required for fracture was measured by a mechanical testing machine. One way ANOVA and Tuckey tests were used for analysis.

Results: There were statistically significant differences between different groups (p<0.001).The highest and lowest force required for fracture belonged to groups 3 and 8 respectively. The force required for fracture in group 1 was lower than group 2, 3, 5 and 7 and 9 and more than groups 4,6 and 8 with significant differences.While there were no significant differences among groups 3, 5, 7, 9 and 4, 6, 8 the force required for fracture in groups 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 was more than 4, 6, 8 with significant differences.

Conclusion: This research revealed that the force required for fracture was affected by air storage of fragments prior to bonding. Also showed that with an increase in duration of drying the force required for fracture decreased and after a period of time it becomes steady. This study showed that in order to increase the fracture strength after air drying the fragment should be immersed in water for at least 24 hours prior to bonding.

  The aim of this review article was to define the mechanism of action and effects of commonly used medications on the tissue remodeling and Orthodontic Tooth Movement (OTM). A review on the effects of medications and dietary supplements on the rate of experimental tooth movement was performed using Cochrane library, Embase and medline (1980-2013). 63 articles were included in this review. 34 of them were related to the effects of hormones and analgesics, were evaluated in this article but their interpretation was hindered by the variability in experimental design, magnitude of force applied during tooth movement and medication regimens. Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) reduced the rate of tooth movement while non-NSAIDs such as acetaminophen had no effect on the rate of OTM. Corticosteroids, parathyroid hormone and thyroxin increased the rate of tooth movement. Sturgeons might slow OTM, but experimental studies are lacking. Medications might have an important influence on the rate of tooth movement and information on their consumption is necessary to adequately discuss treatment planning with patients.

  Molecules produced in various diseased tissues or drugs and nutrients consumed regularly by patients, can reach the mechanically stressed paradental tissues through the circulation and interact with local target cells. The combined effect of mechanical forces and one or more of these agents may be inhibitory, additive or synergistic. The aim of this review was to outline the mechanisms of action and effects of some commonly used drugs on tissue remodeling and Orthodontic Tooth Movement (OTM). A review on the effects of medications and dietary supplements on the rate of experimental tooth movement was performed using Cochrane library, Embase and Medline (1980-2013). 63 articles were included in the review. 34 of them related to the effects of hormones and analgesics were evaluated in the first part of this review. The rest of them (29 articles) were evaluated in the current review, but their interpretation was hindered by the variability in experimental design, magnitude of force applied during tooth movement and medication regimens. Vitamin D₃ might enhance the pace of tooth movement, but dietary calcium and fluorides appear to reduce the rate of OTM. Bisphosphonates (BPNs) are considered to have marked inhibitory effects on the rate of tooth movement. Nicotine and nitric oxide might effectively increase the speed of OTM. All drugs reviewed had therapeutic effects, as well as side effects, that may influence the cells targeted by orthodontic forces. Therefore, it is imperative that the orthodontist pays close attention to the drug consumption history of each and every patient, before and during the course of orthodontic treatment. When the use of drugs is revealed, their effects and side effects on tissue systems should be explored to determine their potential influence on the outcome of mechanotherapy.