Journal of Dental Medicine

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA In this practical study, various types of orthodontic separators were analyzed in order to indentify microbial population on them. Due to high amount of time and energy needed on this issue, only 12 patients were selected. The results showed that elastic separators and Brass wire separators involved the highest amount of aerobic and non aerobic bacteria respectively. Moreover, this can be related to the shape, material and speed of separators  in separating teeth and also their place of installation.  This phenomenon is evident in clinical observations that installation place of elastic separators often involves inflammation, pain and acute swelling of gingiva. Also, Brass wire separators cause lower bacterial accumulation and no clinical manifestation of inflammation and swelling.  Besides, it should be considered that it has polished surface and slow separating effect.  According to the results, we should declare that each separator cannot cause accumulation of a specific  type of  microbes. But the only difference between various types of separators is the difference in

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Periodontal ligament changes depend on amount, duration and type of forces. Teeth movement toward periodontal ligament starts from the initial hours by formation of pressure and traction areas. These areas as well as vascular system must be preserved under the forces. Bone loss is resulted from osteoclasts activity. In spongy bone spaces, osteoid is formed. Due to heavy forces, periodontal tissues are pressed, vessels are blocked and periodontal ligament becomes acellular and hyalinised. Also,The osteocytes of undermining bone are damaged in localized areas. In traction areas, fibroblasts proliferation and elongation of periodontal tissues are resulted and osteoid is formed on the areas which are replaced by bundle bone (a part of lamina dura that includes calcified collagen ligaments). Due to heavy forces, collagen in traction area and blood vessels may become ruptured.

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Canine retraction was done for 19 patients. Movement , Tipping and rotation of canine and molar movements  was done by two approaches of sliding hook and sliding mechanics using 16% wire and 18% twin edgewise brackets and were compared. 350 g force via elastic chin was applied and measurements were done both intra- and extraorally. There was not any significant statistical difference between canine and molar movements in both approaches. Canine Tipping and rotation in two approaches showed significant difference. In fact, both were lower in sliding hook approach than sliding mechanics. As lower tipping results were obtained in sliding hook approach, it is suggested to apply this method to bodily retract canine.

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  Monozygotic twins are genetically identical individuals who can also be mirror image twins and the Differences between them result from environmental factors. current study, monozygotic twins were analyzed in different dentitions of primary, mixed and permanent. As a conclusion, although genetic factors are naturally potent, environmental factors’ role can be increased and weaken the genetic factors.

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In this study, by cluster simple random sampling, the prevalence of ectopic of first permanent molar in 8 years old Tehran school children is considered and determined as 0.87 percent The involvement of maxilla was more than mandible and the difference was significant. Bilateral involvement was more than unilateral and boys were more- than girls, how ever the differences were not significant. As for as the geographical distribution is considered, the differences were not noticeable, either.

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of palatal expansion in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Enuresis still remains a problem experienced by children and the reason is unclear.Finding a final solution is being sought by the medical profession.Nocturnal enuresis may lead to numerous physical and emotional problems. Currently available treatment options showed satisfactory results in some cases.A treatment sample of 6 boys and 4 girls who ranged in age from 6 to 9 years were selected.Research showed that with palatal expansion (4-7 mm), patients could breath through their nose rathe their mouth as a result, enuresis is reduced significantly.

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Statement of Problem: Menopause can exert extensive somatic and psychological effects on women at this stage including: oral complaints such as dry mouth, glossodynia, viscous saliva, although these findings should be studied further.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the stimulated salivary flow rate of 158 menopause and post menopause women.
Material and Methods: In this cross- sectional and analytic- descriptive study, 158 women, at post menopause stage, were selected as case group. The controls consisted of 83 same aged men. None of the subjects had any systemic disease and did not use any drugs. Age range, in both groups, was 50-69 years old. Psychical condition of two groups, were compared by HADSCALE test. Oral symptoms were also compared and evaluated. In order to analyze the results, "t" and "Mann- Whitney" tests were used.

Results: No significant difference was found between two groups regarding the quantity of stimulated saliva and psychological condition, but the incidence of oral symptoms in case group was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.002).
Conclusion: Based on this study, although oral symptoms have a significant relation with menopause, can not be attributed to the quantity of saliva or psychical condition. In order to find the underlying reasons, more investigations should be performed on quality changes of saliva or other factors.

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Statement of Problem: Pulpotomoy is considered as one of the most common treatments among primary teeth. Therefore, search for an appropriate and safe material seems necessary. Studies have proved ferosulfate as a therapeutic material in pulpotomy.

Purpose: The goal of the present study was to compare clinical and radiographic changes of pulpotomy using ferosulfate and formocresol in primary molars among 3-8 year old children.

Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, fifteen 3-8 years old children, referred to the pedodontics department, faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected. All subjects did not show any systemic disease, with at least two clinically and radiographically accepted posterior teeth for pulpotomy technique. Totally, forty- three teeth were studied. For each patient both materials were used. Following treatment, patients were investigated, clinically and radiographically in 3, 6, 9 and 12 month follow-ups. During follow-up periods, teeth with failures were not excluded and investigated. For data analysis, Chi-square and Fisher’s-exact tests were used and treatment success was evaluated, based on clinical as well as radiographic findings.

Results: In all follow-up periods (3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment), pulpotomies with formocresol showed more success rate (73.7%) comparing to those with ferosulfate (70.8%), although the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Statistical tests revealed no significant difference between two different treatment techniques regarding pain, external and internal resorption, calcified metamorphosis, abcess, apical root resorption, apical and interradicular radiolucency.

Conclusion: Although ferosulfate, due to its less toxicity, may be considered as a proper substitute for formocresol in primary molars pulpotomies, more studies with longer-term follow up and larger sample size are required to determine its long-term effects.

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Statement of Problem: According to many researches done in the field of occupational disorders dentists are considered at the risk of musculoskeletal problems. These problems may cause reduction of job length of dentists.
Purpose: This study was done for evaluating the musculoskeletal disorders of dentists, practicing in Yazd.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, conveyed in Yazd city in 1999 by survey among all of working dentists with eye-to-eye contact questionnaire reply.
Results: Among dentists were interviewed 81.6% of respondents mentioned at least one of musculoskeletal problems. The mentioned disorders were respectively Neck (47.1%) hand (36.2%), wrist (34.8%), upper and lower parts of back (33.3%), shoulder (11.59%), knee (2.8%). About 72.5% of the individuals had no familial history and just 4.5% had these disorders before working as a dentist.
Conclusion: Results of this study revealed that majority of musculoskeletal disorders had significant relationship with age, gender, work place, working hours, level of exercise, direct vision and duration of the job of dental occupation.

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Background and Aim: Lead is one of the most dangerous metallic poisons which can lead to acute and chronic poisoning with a broad range of systemic and oral signs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the prevalence of oral complications and blood lead level in workers employed in Koushk lead mines, Yazd province.

Materials and Methods: This analytical study was conducted on 70 subjects employed in Koushk lead mines and 70 workers in Yazdbaf textile factory as control group. A questionnaire including demographic information and medical questions was completed for each case and oral manifestations were recorded, as well. Blood samples were taken from subjects and blood lead level was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using t, Chi-Square and Mann Whitney tests with p<0.05 as the limit of significance.

Results: The mean lead level was 7.06 µg/dl in case group and 4.97µg/dl in control group (P= 0.039). In case group, 3 subjects had blood lead level more than 20µg/dl. Statistical analysis showed significant differences regarding neurologic disorder, chronic fatigue, existence of lead line, mucous pigmentation, gingivitis, tongue burning, taste sense reduction and DMF between case and control groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, since the mean blood lead level in mine workers was in normal limits, the observed symptoms were not related to systemic poisoning. Direct contact of the oral mucosa with the lead in breathing air or other factors related to overall health problems in mine workers may be responsible for the present findings. Further studies are recommended on similar subjects working in different conditions.

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Background and Aims: Candida species are opportunistic pathogens which live as benign commensal organisms in the oral cavities. The infants are more susceptible to opportunistic microorganism colonization. This study was design to evaluate the presence and quantity of Candida colonies in infants' oral cavities and its relation with age, gender, and type of diet and mothers' education level.
Materials and Methods: This historical cohort study was performed on two groups of infants 1) infants predominantly on breastfeeding (n=45) and 2) infants on bottle feeding (n=45). Oral samples were collected with swab technique and Candida species were identified using germ-tube test. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software, chi-square, logistic regression and Mann-Whitney tests.
Result: The Candida colony was seen in 53.3% of infants. The difference in oral Candida carriage and mean numbers of Candida colonies, according to the mothers' education level, was statistically significant (P=0.0001, P=0.000, P=0.0001) however, the mentioned two groups were not significantly different in terms of the presence of Candida and non Candida species (P=0.45). Candida colonization was not statistically related to the age and sex (P=0.48, P=0.4). By logistic regression test, it was found that type of diet and mother's education level affected oral Candida colonization (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The oral Candida colonization in breast-feeding infants is less than the bottle-feeding ones that might be attributed to the antifungal effects of mother's milk and the role of bottles in transferring the Candida species. Also increase in mother's education level leads to reduction in oral Candida colonization, which may be the result of improved hygiene. But no relation was seen between oral Candida carriage and age or gender of infants.