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A comparative investigation on the accuracy of Neosono Ultima EZ instrument, radiography and anexperimental apex locator in root canal working length measurement
M. Zarabian , M.h. Nekoofar , Bs. Marashi ,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (9 2004)
Abstract

 Statement of Problem:Various methods have already been suggested to measure the working length in root canal therapy among which the use of paper point, tactile sense, radiography and electronic apex finder instruments can be named. Investigations on EAL (Electronic Apex Locator) indicate that these instruments can reduce the number of required radiography to a great extent. Moreover, in special cases such as patients with high risk reflex, pregnant women, the mental disabled and handicapped and also in cases with special anatomical structures these instruments are proper substitutes for radiography.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of an Iranian made apex finder instrument with Neosono Ultima EZ and radiography.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 51 mandibular molars, devoid of calcification, internal and external resorption, severe root curve or fracture, which were extracted due to periodontal disease or severe caries. All the specimens were washed in 2.5% hypochlorite sodium and washing with water, kept in 10% formalin solution, under room temperature.
Results: The accuracy of the Iranian instrument was measured (81.8%) similar to that of radiography (81.2%). But the accuracy of Neosono Wtima EZ was (92.9%) which was higher than the two other methods.

Conclusion: No statistically significant difference was found between Neosono Ultima EZ instrument and two other groups, using SPSS 10 statistical soft ware.


Evaluation of bacterial leakage of four root- end filling materials: Gray Pro Root MTA, White Pro Root MTA, Root MTA and Portland Cement (type I)
M. Zarabian , M. Aligholi , N. Shokouhi Nejad ,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (11 2005)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Today several materials have been used for root- end filling in endodontic surgery. Optimal properties of Pro Root MTA in in-vitro and in-vivo studies has been proven. On the other hand, based on some studies, Root MTA (Iranian Pro Root MTA) and Portland cement are similar to Pro Root MTA in physical and biologic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate bacterial leakage (amount and mean leakage time) of four root- end filling materials.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental in-vitro study, seventy six extracted single- rooted human teeth were randomly divided into six groups for root-end filling with gray Pro Root MTA, white Pro Root MTA, Root MTA (Iranian Pro Root MTA), Portland Cement (type I) and positive and negative control groups. Root canals were instrumented using the step- back technique. Root- end filling materials were placed in 3mm ultra sonic retro preparations. Samples and microleakage model system were sterilized in autoclave. The apical 3-4 mm of the roots were immersed in phenol red with 3% lactose broth culture medium. The coronal access of each specimen was inoculated every 24h with a suspension of Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC 10556). Culture media were observed every 24h for colour change indicating bacterial contamination for 60 days. Statistical analysis was performed using log- rank test with P<0.05 as the limit of significance.

Results: At the end of study 50%, 56.25%, 56.25% and 50% of specimens filled with Gray Pro Root MTA, White Pro Root MTA. Root MTA and Portland Cement (type I) had evidence of leakage respectively. The mean leakage time was 37.19±6.29, 36.44±5.81, 37.69±5.97 and 34.81±6.67 days respectively. Statistical analysis of data showed no significant difference among the leakage (amount and mean leakage time) of the four tested root- end filling materials (P=0.9958).

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there were no significant differences in leakage among the four tested groups at 60 days. The results suggest that Root MTA and Portland Cement can be used as less expensive root filling materials.


Checklist development for assessing the dental students' clinical skills in oral and maxillofacial medicine course and comparison with global rating
Arash Mansourian, Shiva Shirazian, Mohammad Jalili, Mehdi Vatanpour, Leila Pour Momen Arabi,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract

Background and Aims: The objective of this study was the development of a checklist for assessment of students’ clinical skills in the clinical oral medicine. The second aim was the assessment of stake holders’ satisfaction of this checklist in comparison to the routine global rating method.

Materials and Methods: The checklist was developed in an expert panel sessions and the validity and reliability of checklist were assessed by CVI and test-retest method, respectively. All students (n=66) were assessed in 2 groups, one with developed checklist and another with global rating. At the end of the session, the satisfaction’s level of staff and students were analysized using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test and the mean scores of students were analysized using Paired T test.

Results: Content validity index (CV I) of checklist was 0.88. Reliability of checklist confirmed with high correlation coefficient (0.9). Staffs’ satisfaction had no significant difference between the two methods
(Wilcoxon P=0.06). The mean score of students who assessed by checklist was higher than global rating with no significant differences (P=0.06).

Conclusion: Regarding the higher students’ satisfaction from checklist and more attention to component of assessment and more objectivity of this method and also higher score in checklist, it seems that the use of a checklist is more proper method for assessing the students’ clinical skills.


Evaluation of anaerobic pathogens in periodontitis patients and its relationship with TGF-1β genomic polymorphism by Tetra Arms-PCR method
Noushin Khandan Dezfuli, Majid Sadeghpour, Mojgan Sarabi Nobakht, Elham Estabarghi, Kumarss Amini,
Volume 34, Issue 0 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Periodontitis is a common and inflammatory infectious disease that causes damage to the tissues supporting the tooth and consequent tooth loss. Periodontal disease is a multimicrobial and multifactorial disease and important anaerobic bacteria are involved in periodontal infection. TGF-1β is one of the growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines that play a crucial role in the repair of periodontal lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate Tetra Arms-PCR with high sensitivity and specificity, which can be used to evaluate the genomic polymorphism among oral samples and show the relationship between TGF-1β and periodontal disease.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a case-control study in the periodontology department of Kerman Dental School. Sampling was done from 100 samples including 50 healthy individuals and 50 patients with microbial periodontal infection. Genotype was analyzed using DNA extracted from the blood of patients by PCR -ARMs-Tetra to determine the relationship between TGF-1β genomic polymorphism and periodontitis. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS19 software and one-way ANOVA.
Results: The samples were culture positive, therefore, more than 65% of the isolated bacteria were anaerobic which included: Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus anaerobic. The results of Tetra PCR ARMs after sequence frequency were genotype CC allele (25%), CT allele (20%), TT allele (5%). Percentage of control group were CC allele (20%), CT allele (24%), and TT allele (6%). The frequency of C and T alleles in the patient group was 70% and 30%, and in the control group 63% and 37%, respectively with no significant difference between two groups (P=0.83).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study and the application of anaerobic conditions, forced anaerobic bacteria can be isolated from clinical specimens of oral infections and by Tetra Arms-PCR no significant relationship between TGF-1β genomic polymorphism and periodontitis was observed. In addition, therer was no significant difference in the frequency of alleles and genotypes between the control and patient groups.

Determining the prevalence of peri-implantitis in patients one year after prosthetic loading in Khorramabad in 2021
Saman Nasiri, Faezeh Rafiei, Samad Darabian,
Volume 34, Issue 0 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Although dental implants have become a successful and predictable ong-term treatment for patients, not all implant treatments are necessarily successful and pre-implant diseases are spreading. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of peri-implantitis in patients one year after prosthetic loading in Khorramabad in 2021.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 53 patients who had implants and undergone prosthetic loading for one year were studied. In each of the 53 patients, the probing depth (PD) and bleeding during probing (BOP) around the implant and the characteristics of the surrounding soft tissue, including gingival redness and tissue sensitivity were evaluated and recorded. To assess the bone level or possible bone resorption, a P.A. graph was taken from the patient using a parallel technique. Information such as demographic characteristics and specialized information about the disease were collected through a checklist. Data were collected using SPSS22 software. Frequency tables and chi-square and t-tests were used to analyze the data.
Results: The mean age of patients participating in the present study was 46.5±10.63 years. The number of women was 33 (62.3%). The prevalence of peri-implantitis was 17% at the patient level and 9.3% at the implant unit level. There was a significant relationship between the age (P<0.03) and systemic disease (P<0.03) with the prevalence of peri-implantitis. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the prevalence of peri-implantitis and other demographic variables (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of peri-implantitis was higher in people with a higher mean age. In addition, systemic diseases are a protective factor for peri-implantitis.

Evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice of parents in Delfan city-Iran about oral health of their 6-12-year-old children in 2021
Masoud Safari, Faezeh Soltani, Shirzad Safari, Samad Darabian,
Volume 35, Issue 0 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Oral health is a necessity and part of general health and its importance in childhood is more than ever. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of parents in Delfan city-Iran about oral health of their 6-12-year-old children in 2021.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical study that was performed on 365 parents of 6-12-year-old children in Delfan city. Convenience sampling was used. The questionnaires included four sections: demographic information, knowledge, attitude and practice about oral health. Data were entered in SPSS23. Independent t-test, analysis of variance and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. Significance level was considered 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the subjects was 36.5±7.1. 201 of parents were mothers. Parents' knowledge and attitude were good and their performance was fair. There was a statistically significant relationship between all three variables of knowledge, attitude, and practice (P<0.00). Also, there was a statistically significant relationship between the knowledge and education (P<0.00), mother job (P<0.04), father job (P<0.00), and economic status (P<0.00). There was a statistically significant relationship between the attitude with education (P<0.00), mother job (P<0.04), father job (P<0.01), and economic status (P<0.01), There was a statistically significant relationship between practice and education (P<0.00), mother job (P<0.01), father job (P<0.00), and economic status (P<0.00) of parents.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge, attitude, and practice with education level, job and economic status. Therefore, oral health education for parents with low educational and economic level should be highly considered.

Effect of three whitening mouthrinses with different formulations on whitening of tooth enamel
Fereshteh Naser Alavi, Ashkan Salari, Seyedeh-Maryam Tavangar, Reza Tayefeh Davalloo, Farideh Darabi, Zahra Farzi,
Volume 36, Issue 0 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The white color of teeth is one of the most essential factors in smile esthetics. Therefore, various whitening agents such as bleaching mouthwashes have been produced in response to the people’s high demand for having whiter teeth. The present study evaluated the efficacy of three whitening mouthwash products on tooth enamel whiteness.
Materials and Methods: In the present in vitro study, 32 bovine incisors were assigned to four groups in terms of the mouthwash used (n=8): control (C); Xenon Smart White (ZSW), containing pyrophosphate and triphosphate; Signal White Now (SWN), containing Blue Covarine; and Pasta Del Capitano whitening mouthrinse (PCW), containing Plasdone. Colorimetry was carried out using a spectrophotometer at the baseline and 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment with mouthwashes. Data were analyzed using CIELab parameters with ANOVA, RM two-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey tests (α=0.05).
Results: The results showed that the whiteness created by the SWN mouthwash was clinically visible (ΔE>3.3). However, the functions of all the mouthwashes were statistically similar with no significant differences from the control group (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Although, Blue Covarine-containing mouthwash was somewhat effective in whitening of tooth enamel, none of the mouthwashes had significant efficacy compared to distilled water.

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