Journal of Dental Medicine

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This study was perfomed on twenty five teeth which showed radiographic lesions( 6mm over 25 mm). the teeth were arranged in seven different groups and root canal therapy ( by warm Gutta-percha technique) as surgical intervention were performed at various time intervals. In this investigation, histologic studies of the periapical tissues begin shortly after elimination of the root canal system with or without root  canal obturation. This healing demonstrated with a) replacement of granulation tissue by connective tissue, inflammatory cells diminish in number and density
b) fibroblastic activity and their differentiation of osteoblast
c) osteoblastic activity forming osteoid and trabecular bone. The newly formed trabeculae extend from the periphery of the lesion to the center and root surfaces
d) nonorganized periodontal ligament fibers return to their original orientation soon after the newly formed trabeculae reach the apical root surface and form lamina dura
Inflammatory responses may continue simultaneously with periapical tissue regeneration and bone formation. Chronic inflammatory cells seem to be present occasionally in marrow spaces of the newly formed bone. Cellular activity and bone formation are demonstrated in the presence of the lining epithelium. This is seen between newly formed bone and apical root tip and might be suggestive of healing of the periapical cyst.

 

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Endodontic treatments are based on complete cleansing of root canal as well a multidimensional obturation especially in apical foramen area.  This study was done to analyze  the reactions of periradicular tissues to filling materials in case of  overobturation in endodontic treatments and healing despite extra filling material existence in periradicular tissues. 25 teeth with periradicular lesions (endodontic origin) in patients of 13-85 years were selected. 7 groups were formed based on the time of performing surgical biopsy on the teeth.  In 80% of the cases, despite existing extra materials in periradicular tissues, 100% bone healing as well as collagen formation was observed. Besides, some Giant cells and hemosiderine were found around the areas containing sealer.

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA In order to evaluate quality of apex filling materials in endodontic surgeries, studies on extracted teeth were conducted.  The teeth were selected and after crown dissection, root canal therapy was done by gutta-percha and simple technique.  Afterwards, for each tooth 3mm of root apex was cutted and then the samples were divded into 5 groups of 15 samples.two groups of 3 samples were regarded as control groups. Then, a 3mm cavity was made in apex and were filled by amalgam ( vivdent^TM or Sina ^TM), cavit and coltosol in groups number 2 to 5. The gutta-percha was condensed by a round end tool. The samples were placed in Methylen blue for 48 hours and then by scrubbing lateral walls of the teeth, the penetration of color into root canal space was evaluated by steromicroscope. The obtained results showed that Coltosol was acted better and resulted in more significant changes compared to Amalgam vivident^TM, Sina^TM , Cavit and Gutta-percha.(P≤0.001)

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Both surgical and nonsurgical treatments are definitely effective in ameliorating periodontal condition. In nonsurgical treatments, pocket elimination is not an essential part but subgingival infection control is the main objective which can eliminate inflammation, stop destruction, form new attachments, decrease pocket depth (following edema decrease) and finally result in long junctional epithelium formation. In short term, surgery can eliminate pocket depth more effectively although after a while this difference would become less. Besides, nowadays according to infectious nature of periodontal diseases systemic and local antimicrobials are used along with nonsurgical and mechanical treatments specially in rapidly progressing periodontitis, HIV related periodontitis and refractory periodontitis . Therefore, the most appropriate and simplest treatment plan should be selected according to the type of periodontal disease.

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA As special microbial species are identified as etiologic factors for periodontal diseases and since conventional periodontal treatments could not eliminate these factors, Using Antimicrobial agents as alternatives to prevent  post operation  infections seems essential. In This study Phenytoin (Gel 10%) was used as an topical antimicrobial agent in periodontal surgeries. 21 patients with advanced periodontal disease were selected. Sampling was carried out before and after the surgery. The results showed that phenytoin can act effectively on gram positive and negative cocci while this concentration was not effective to eliminate opportunistic gram negative bacilli.

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According to the direct confrontation of dentist to oral complications of patients receiving radiotherapy, this study was conducted in Cancer institute of Imam Khomeini hospital in 1376-1377. Through this study, 70 patients expecting more than 4500 CGY radiation in salivary gland area was examined for xerostomia signs and symptoms . Artificial saliva and placebo were prescribed for patients to assess the results on xerostomia. The obtained results showed VA-oralube is significantly more effective in decreasing radiation complications (mucositis, dorsal tongue surface atrophy, pain and burning sensation of mucosa, dysphagia, oral ulcers, mucosal necrosis and gingivitis) than placebo or water. Due to the other advantages of artificial saliva such as fluride content and minor side effects, it should be prescribed in patients suffering from xerostomia as it can increase their life expectancy by reducing pain and discomfort.

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Regard this, that majority of Diabetic patients that soffer from periodontal disease. Now, most of espesialist belive that these patients need to control their diabets with new methods for decreasing and controlling thier periodontal disease.Today, most of physician, majority of periodontal for controlling of HbAlc Test.This test does not need to patient's cooperation and can do in any time.This test estimate,s the irreversible bound of hemogloboiin with glucose and from this point that half- life of red blood cell is 90-120 days the resuolt of this test is useable for every 5 months.

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One patient with Ellis Von Creveld syndrome contains: dwarfism, congenital heart disease, ectodermal dysplasia, polyductyly, an abnormally wide labial renum and maxillary molars with single root.

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:.In the result of first world investigations, it has recommended that most oral and dental disease (over 80%) can be prevented by oral hygiene Instruction and sanitary methods.In our investigation, we have wanted to estimate the rate of knowledge, attitude and practice of dentists in urmieh. Our results exhibited that the rate of dentist's knowledge about sanitary and preventive methods and their etiologic relations of oral disease is 95%.But in spite of this high rate of knowledge the dentists attitude rate is %55.48 and more strange is that the practice of these dentist in relation with sanitary and preventive methods for patients has evaluated about 66.17% that ,this rate is 13% more than their attitude rate. The cause of this strange result, may be is dentists un honestly answer or because of their high theoretical knowledge of our dentist. May be we thinking that this recent factor in spite of insufficient attitude has effected on their practice.

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Frequently, diagnosis of lichen planus as a relative common chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease, is difficult, therefor, direct Immunofluorescence (DIF) examination is recommended for definite diagnosis. In this study both an statistical analysis of files of oral and maxillofacial pathology department of Dentistry school and direct immunofluorescence examination using paraffin blocks with new method, were performed. According to analysis of 8026 cases, 262 (3.26%) cases were diagnosed as lichen planus most patients were in fourth decade of their life and most common affected region was buccal mucosa, (69.68%).
In direct immunofluorescence study of 14 cases (using firth's method) fibrinogen deposits in 6 cases and immunostaining of colloid bodies with various immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), C3 and also fibrinogen (few values) in most of patients, were detected. In spite of the fact that density of staining was lower than routine method (using fresh-frozen tissue), except for fibrinogen immunostaining, these findings are compatible with previous studies. In spile of limitation of samples, this study suggests that using this technique needs more evaluation and this can be used for diagnosis purposes when fresh-frozen tissue is unavailable.

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Clinical healing following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in intrabony pockets using a polyurethane membrane was compared to healing following gingival flap surgery (GFS).Ten patients with adult periodontitis and the presence of intrabony defects were selected. Oral hygenic
treatments were performed during a 4- weeks period prior to surgery.One intrabony defects on each patient was randomly chosen to be treated according to the guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedure. The other side received the control treatment GFS. Test group received the GTP treatment including polyurethane membrane after reflecting the flap and curettage of defect.However, flap surgery and curettage were done in control group.The patients were evaluated for changes in probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL),recession changes in crestai resorting, and defect bone fill. Clinical examinations were performed again 6 months post operatively.The average of (PD), (CAL) and defect depth (DD) before surgery in test group was 3.23, 13.87 and 7.3 mm respectively and in control group was 3.1, 8.9, 7.4 mm. After 6 months the average of (PD), (CAL) and (DD) was 1.69, 1.68, 3.5 mm, respectively and in control group was 1.24, 1.09, and 2.90mm.Test group and control group showed successful results in treatment of intrabony defects. Test group showed better results than control. No significant difference was observed between two treatment procedures from the point of view of pocket depth reduction, attachment gain, and recession.The bony fill and crestai resorption results suggest similar clinical potential of GTR procedures
compared to GFS in treatment of intrabony pocket. However, in order to gain future insight, larger samples and longer observation periods should be evaluated.

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Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) is the most recent and common method for regeneration of class II forcation molars. However, it requires membrane, which seems expensive for most of the patients. In order to overcome this problem, Coronally Position Flap (CPF) procedure may be applied which arresting the epithelial cell down growth, follow the same aim. This study is aimed to compare GTR technique utilizing bioresorable collagen membrane and CPF utilizing citric acid. Nine patients with grade II forcation defects were selected. Defects were bilateral that randomly assigned into two groups: GTR and CPF groups. Measurements recorded at baseline and after surgery (6 months). Paired-T test was performed on these data. The following results were obtained after 6 months: In both groups significant reduction in probing pocket depth were measured in GTR and CPF groups, 1.55 Ind 1.88 mm, respectively. Also, open vertical probing depth: 0.33, 1.11 mm. Reduction in forcation weight in both groups was 0.22 mm. Bone fill was observed in 0.33% and 51% of defects. No recession was observed in GTR group, in CPF was 0.11 mm. Loss of attached gingiva was 0.34 and 0.78 mm, respectively. No significant difference was found between clinical parameters except OHPD. Comparison of means at the day (0 and 180) in each group showed the success for regeneration of forca. Considering the results, it can be concluded that CPF may substitute for GTR technique.

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Recurrent aphtus stomatitis (RAS) is an oral mucous lesion in patients with no other signs of disease. Investigators have always notified the role of immune system especially humoral immunity in aphtus immunopathogenesis. The aim of this case-controlled study was to measure amount of serum immonogiobulins (A,G,M) and complement component (C₃ C₄) in patients with RAS and to evaluate any relation between differences in these factors and pathogenesis of RAS. Immonogiobulins (A,G,M) and complement components (C₃ C₄) of 50 patients with RAS was measured using single radial immuno diffusion technique. The results were compared with immonogiobulins (A,G,M) and complement components (C₃ C₄) of 50 healthy people whom were similar in age and sex with the patients group. Results showed that the patients group had higher level of IgA and IgM while serum IgG was similar in both groups. The C₃ was lower in aphtus patients while no significant difference was found in amount of C₄. The sex had no significant effect on serum level of measured factors. From the results it can be concluded that the humoral immunity reaction has an important role in immunopathogenesis of RAS. This humoral response might accurse as a result of cellular immunity reaction.

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One of the special kinds of periodontal disease is rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). This form of periodontitis is an aggressive disease, which results in bone destruction and loss of periodontal attachment 4 to 5 times more than adult periodontitis or slowly progressive periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of Actinobacilius actinomyct-em comitans (Aa) in RPP patients. A total number of sixty samples was collected from 15 patients with RPP and cultured inanaerobic conditions. Results showed the presence of Aa in 13 patients (86.7%), while 29 samples were Aa positive (48.3%). Two of the RPP patients (13.3%) were Aa negative even after two times bacterial culturing.

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During pregnancy, different froms of periodontal disease such as pregnancy gingivitis, pregnancy tumors, pregnancy stomatitis, may be encountered. But the most considerable point is the pregnant women's infection with periodontal disease and its effect on delivery and weight of newborn infants. Based on the latest researches and statistics, it is concluded that periodontal disease is an important risk factor, leading to preterm or premature delivery. On the other hand, poor hygiene, should be considered as another danger, resulting in premature delivery. Besides, the presence of a collection of oral fosobacteria in ammoniutic fluid in mothers with premature delivery, increases the probability of an oral- haematogenous connection. Moreover, prostaglandin E2, in cervicular fluid, has been considered as an index for periodontal disease activity and loss of weight at the time of birth. These findings suggest that effective steps, to prevent preterm delivery, can be taken, if women, genycologists and dentists have enough knowledge. This article focuses on the special supervision that is required to prevent the effects of hormonal changes on periodontal tissues and conversely to reduce systemic disorders resulting from periodontal disease, in pregnant woman.

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Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ghazvin University of Medical Sciences A lot of studies have discussed the reduction of mandibular movements range after orthognatic surgeries. The present study focuses on the conventional orthognatic surgery methods to determine the method with the least effects on mandibular movements. Sixty patients were investigated in a prospective study. They were divided, based on the surgical method, into three groups. In the first group (20 patients) sagital osteotomy, in the second group extra oral vertical osteotomy for mandibular retrusion, and in the third group simultanouse Bimax osteotomies of the upper and lower jaws, were performed. The surgical method applied for maxilla was Lefort 1 osteotmy to protrude the upper jaw and of the lower jaw was extraoral vertical osteotmy. The range of mouth opening, in centrals region, right and left lateral movements and protrusive movements, before and three months after surgery, were measured. Sagital osteotomy method (the first group) showed the most changes and reduction in movements, while the least changes were observed in extraoral vertical method (the second group).

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Statement of Problem: Eugenol is the most important chemical compound of the clove tree (Eugenia aryophylata) extract. That is widely used in dentistry as a bactericidal and pain relieving agent.

Aim: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of local and systemic administration of eugenol by formalin test in rats.
Materials and Methods: In this research, 56 male Wistar rats, weighing 230±20 g were divided into seven groups (n=8). Ten minutes before formalin test, different doses of eugenol (12.5,25,50 mg /in groups 2,3,4 respectively) were injected to the right hind paw of the rats subcutaneously. In- group 5 eugnol (50 mg) was. injected to the contralateral hind paw. In group 6 eugenol (100 mg/ kg) and control group (group 7), equal volume of norma! saline was injected intraperitonealy . The minutes 0-5 and 16-60 were considered as acute and chronic phases of pain in the formalin test, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests.
Results: The results showed that local injection of eugenol to the same paw receiving formalin caused a decrease of nociception in both acute and chronic phases of formalin test (PO.005). However, in the group that eugenol (50mg/ kg) was injected to the contralateral paw, no significant differences were observed in the pain score in comparison with the control group. Intraperitoneal injection of eugenol (lOOmg/kg) did not reduce the nociception in the acute phase, but it caused a significant decrease of nociception in tonic phase (PO.00I).
Conclusion: It was concluded that eugenol, as a local anesthetic drug not only inhibits nociceptive impulse conduction on the peripheral pain fibers, but also centrally reduce chronic pain.

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Statement of Problem: Cephalometric findings are of high importance in making decision about orthodontic treatment plans and orthognathic surgeries. Natural head position (NHP) is considered as a useful and exact radiographic technique.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare two techniques, namely Standard and NHP, in lateral cephalometry.
Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, performed in Shiraz. 138 randomly selected students {70 males .and 68 females), age ranging from (13-15). were evaluated clinically and radiographically. None of them had a history of orthodontic treatment, head and face fracture or surgical operations. Lateral cephalograms were taken in both standard and natural head position techniques, for each student. For statistical analysis, l-lest for paired samples, was done.
Results: This study showed that in anterior-posterior dimension, among angles with significant differences in two techniques, those of standard one were more reliable, whereas in vertical dimension.statistical differences showed natural technique as more useful one.
Conclusion: Due to the fact that natural cephalometry requires more patient cooperation, more time and a higher complex technique, it is not suggested, except when different clinical and cepholomeiric findings are observed.

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Statement of Problelem: Lichen plannus is a relatively common mucotanous disorder, due to accompanying burning sensation and pain in addition to its malignant transformation, has potential importance. On the other hand, B and C hepatitis are of the five most common death causes, resulting in significant disease spread problems among dentists. As a result, the relationship between these two disorders has been recently investigated.
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the oral Lichen plannus prevalence among patients with B and C hepatitis.
Material and Methods: In this case series study, 500 patients with B, C hepatitis, 3 04 female and 369 male with the mean age of 39.09±13.13 (the youngest was 4 and the oldest was 72 years old), who referred to the hepatitis center of Shariati hospital, Transfusion organization and Hemophilia center, from August 2001 to August 2002, were evaluated. The information about all white lesions that couldn't be scraped was recorded on a questionnaire for each patient. To analyze the data, t and Fisher tests were used.
Results: Two hundred and eighty nine patients were MBS Ag" 223 were HCVAb", 12 were positive for both types of hepatitis and 23 were cyrotic. From among these patients, 3 subjects were with oral Lichen plannus (0.6%), one belonged to HBS Ag1 group (0.35%), (P=0.38) and two patients belonged to HCV Ab' (0.9%),(P=0.44). These results showed no statistically significant relationship between Lichen plannus and B, C hepatitis. Two cyrotic patients from among 23 were with LP, which statistically was significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: All patients with LP should be tested for B, C hepatitis and liver enzymes.

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Statement of Problem: Panoramic radiography seems necessary at examination, diagnosis and treatment plan phases of removable prostheses treatment since most of the patients who request removable prostheses treatment have retained root fragments, impacted teeth, cycts and tumors that might not otherwise be detected.
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence rate of retained roots, impacted teeth and suspected pathologic conditions in panoramic radiographics of patients referred to removable prosthodontics departments of four dental schools and five public centers.
Materials and Methods: In this case series study, 1232 panoramic radiographs were analyzed to detect retained root fragments, impacted teeth and pathologic conditions.

Results: From among 850 panoramic radiographs of patients seeking complete denture, the incidence rates of impacted teeth, retained roots and pathologic lesions were 1.3%, 9.5% and 4.0% respectively.Also from 382 panoramic radiographs of removable partial denture patients the corresponding measures were 2.9%, 11% amd 0.1%.
Conclusion: Due to the significant and evident problems in residual ridge, as well as pathologic conditions of the remaining teeth structures and their supporting tissues as partial prosthesis base, the necessity for panoramic radiographics in edentolous and semi- edentulous patients is reemphasized.