Journal of Dental Medicine

Background and Aim: Several agents were used for pulpotomy in primary molars. Formocresol is the most common drug in this procedure. In some studies it has been shown that, this material has potential some side effects, so it is essential to find other alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic success rates of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol.

Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 70 carious primary teeth of 4 to 7-year-old children were pulpotomized, and remaining pulp was dressed with Root MTA and formocresol. The clinical and radiographic follow up evaluations were performed at 6, 12 months by a blind dentist. The data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test.

Results: At the end of 1-year follow-up period, in formocresol group sinus tract and tenderness to percussion were seen in 2 teeth, internal resorption was seen in 1 tooth, and furcation radiolucency was seen in 2 teeth. Clinical and radiographic signs of failure were not seen in any case of (Iranian) Root MTA group.

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, Iranian MTA can be used for pulpotomy in primary molars.

Background and Aims: Formocresol is one of the most common pulpotomy medicaments for primary teeth. Because of its systemic and local side effects, it may be essential to use another material instead of formocresol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopothalogy of pulp after pulpotomy teeth with sodium hypochlorite and formocresol.

Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 22 canine teeth that must be extracted because of orthodontic treatment were selected. The teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=11) and pulpotomized with formocresol or sodium hypochlorite. These teeth were extracted after 2 months and pulpal response was evaluated according to the degree of inflammation and extent of pulpal involvement. Dentinal bridge formation was also evaluated. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test.

Results: In formocresol group, mild inflammation was seen in 4 and moderate inflammation in 3 and severe inflammation in 4 cases. In sodium hypochlorite group mild inflammation was seen in 6 cases and moderate inflammation in 4 cases and severe inflammation in 1 case. Mann-Whitney test revealed that this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In formocresol group, necrosis was seen in 5 cases, but abscess and internal resorption were not seen in any cases. In sodium hypochlorite group, internal resorption was seen in 3 cases but necrosis and abscess were not seen in any cases.  Mann-Whitney test showed that the difference between two groups was significant in terms of necrosis (P=0.02). In sodium hypochlorite group, dentinal bridge was formed in 3 cases however, no dentinal bridge formation was seen in formocresol group. Mann-Whitney test showed that this difference was not significant statistically (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, sodium hypochlorite can be used as a pulpotomy agent in primary teeth.

  Background and Aims: Metallic nano-particles show exclusive biological, chemical and physical characteristic. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of various amounts of nanosilver incorporation (0 (as control), 20, 40, 80, 120, 200 ppm) on the mechanical Properties ( compressive and flexural strength) of resin modified Glass ionomer Cement.

  Materials and Methods: Based on ISO 4049 and ISO 9971 for polyalkenoid cements, 90 cases in each group were prepared for the flexural and compressive strength. Specimens in 6 groups with different amounts of nanosilver (20, 40, 80, 120 and 200 ppm) and control (Fuji II LC improved), stored in distilled water at 37 ° C for 1 day and 30 days. Flexural strength, using a three-point bending method, Modulus of elasticity and the compressive strength were measured by universal testing machine (Zwick) with crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey post HOC test.

  Results: The flexural strength and modulus of various amounts of nanosilver incorporation of resin modified glass-ionomer cement were not significantly different (P>0.05). The compressive strength of incorporating of
20 ppm compared with control (P=0.01), 40 ppm (P=0.02) and 80 ppm compared with control (P<0.001) were increased. The flexural strength and compressive strength of Fuji II LC, containing nanosilver particles were increased after 1 day and 1 month significantly (P<0.001).

  Conclusion: Incorporation of 20 to 80 ppm nanosilver into Fuji II LC had increased mechanical properties compared to the original cement.

  Background and Aims: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases which could be prevented in various ways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a toothpaste containing different concentrations of nano-hydroxyapatite on the remineralization of incipient caries.

  Materials and Methods: 9 sound first premolar teeth of maxilla and mandible were sectioned to four pieces. 6 specimens were stored in distilled water as control group. The remaining 30 specimens were demineralized for 72 hours and then their microhardness was measured. 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5% wt nano-hydroxyapatite were added to the solution of distilled water and toothpaste. Specimens were divided into 5 groups (N=6) and after demineralization, each group were randomly immersed in the above-mentioned solutions for 15 minutes. Next, specimens were kept in artificial saliva for 1 hour followed by immersion in the related remineralizing solution for another 15 minutes. This procedure was repeated for 5 days. Finally, the microhardness of the teeth was measured. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

  Results: The microhardness of demineralized teeth was increased following exposure to different concentrations of nano-hydroxyapatite, but this increase was not statistically significant (P=0.62).

  Conclusion: Nano-hydroxy apatite can enhance remineralization and increase the tooth microhardness although this increase was not significant.

  Background and Aims: The main cause of erosion is acid exposure . Side effects of erosion necessitate therapeutic agents’ uses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nano- hydroxy apatite in tooth remineralization following exposure to soft beer.

  Materials and Methods: This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 18 human impacted third molars that had been surgically extracted. The microhardness of specimens was measured. Then teeth were exposed to soft beer and their secondary microhardness was measured. The teeth were divided into 2 groups (water and nano-hydroxy apatite solution) and were placed on 9 orthodontics appliances and delivered to 9 volunteers. These volunteers placed the tooth on one side in water for 5 minutes and the tooth in opposite side in nano-hydroxyapatite solution. This application was repeated 6 times a day for 10 days. The microhardness of teeth was measured again. Data were analyzed using Paired T-test.

  Results: The tooth enamel microhardness reduced after exposure to soft beer significantly (P=0.04). The microhardness of 9 teeth after being in water showed significant changes (P=0.012). The microhardness of 9 teeth significantly changed after exposure to nano -hydroxyapatite solution (P=0.001) .

  Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, 10% solution of nano- hydroxy appatite could restore the erosive lesions .

Background and Aims: One of the major challenges in dental practice is dental complaints that majority of complaints resulted in criminal prosecution and the legal practitioners. The aim of this study was to investigate the patients’ complaints on the diagnosis and treatment plan, dentist’s behavior, treatment charge, and management unlike the behavior of medical affairs, lack of enforcement in Tehran Medical Council between 2005-2011.

Materials and Methods: We referred to the Medical Council in order to obtain permission for evaluating complaints of dentists in Tehran. All files in units of prosecutors, magistrates and judicial committee were evaluated. Data were analyzed using spss version16 software.

Results: The results showed that the highest percentage of complaints was related to the how treatment was managed (41.7%) and the lowest percentage of complaints were about the dentist's diagnosis and treatment plan (2.9%).

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, with dentists’ awareness of the existing rules and strict supervision, occurrence of complaints on the dental treatment can be prevented.