Journal of Dental Medicine

Albright syndrome is a rare condition, usually appears in the early years of life and characterized by bending or thickening of long bones. In girls, of endocrine glands disorders especially precocious puberty are the most common symptoms. Also, Brown pigments in the skin are another sing of this syndrome. Certain mucosal and skin pigments are considerable features of the disease. Etiology and pathogenesis of this disease is not clear and various histopathologic patterns are observed. In fact, this disease is substitution of bone tissue with fibrous connective tissue in which various degrees of bone resorption and repair of the lesion is recognizable.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA According to the role of microbes as etiologic factors of periodontal diseases, mechanical factors are required to eliminate microbial plaque. Although systemic chemotherapy is mentioned in the articles, it is still ineffective on adult periodontitis. Therefore, using local antibacterials and controlling their release have been considered. In this article, methods and materials that can result in antibacterial slow release in local delivery systems are discussed.

  Periodontal infections are categorized into various groups based on patient’s age or bacteria presented in dental pockets. There are Juvenile periodontitis, rapidly progressing periodontitis and adult periodontitis. Adult periodontitis is known as the most prevalent cause of tooth loss in adult patients. In current study, 100 teeth of patients who suffered from adult periodontistis were selected, cultured in kapnophil media and analyzed for containing Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans bacteria. 34 teeth of 17 patients contained this bacteria. Further discussions are mentioned in the article about sex,age and location of infection in these patients in association to the bacteria presence.

Bacteria! plaque is an essential factor of gingival and periodontal disease.The ability of chemical piaque control agent to prevent plaque formation is well documented compare with other mechanical plaque removal methods. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical effects of Shore choice mouth rinse (H2 O2, 0.1%) with a placebo.Following a period of 4 weeks, 20 subjects were allocated to two treatment groups.During this period of time, they rinsed twice a day with either a placebo mouth rinse or the Shor choice.Plaque Index (PI) and bleeding on probing index (BOP) were recorded three days after scaling and root planning. These indecies were rechecked 2 and 4 weeks after rinsing the subject's mouth by mouth rinse and placebo. Results indicated that although there were no significant differences between test and control groups, a reduction of PI and BOP were found in different stages of this study.The clinical data obtained in this study are thus consistent with the previous data, however, care should be taken to extrapolate these results.

Clinical healing following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in intrabony pockets using a polyurethane membrane was compared to healing following gingival flap surgery (GFS).Ten patients with adult periodontitis and the presence of intrabony defects were selected. Oral hygenic
treatments were performed during a 4- weeks period prior to surgery.One intrabony defects on each patient was randomly chosen to be treated according to the guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedure. The other side received the control treatment GFS. Test group received the GTP treatment including polyurethane membrane after reflecting the flap and curettage of defect.However, flap surgery and curettage were done in control group.The patients were evaluated for changes in probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL),recession changes in crestai resorting, and defect bone fill. Clinical examinations were performed again 6 months post operatively.The average of (PD), (CAL) and defect depth (DD) before surgery in test group was 3.23, 13.87 and 7.3 mm respectively and in control group was 3.1, 8.9, 7.4 mm. After 6 months the average of (PD), (CAL) and (DD) was 1.69, 1.68, 3.5 mm, respectively and in control group was 1.24, 1.09, and 2.90mm.Test group and control group showed successful results in treatment of intrabony defects. Test group showed better results than control. No significant difference was observed between two treatment procedures from the point of view of pocket depth reduction, attachment gain, and recession.The bony fill and crestai resorption results suggest similar clinical potential of GTR procedures
compared to GFS in treatment of intrabony pocket. However, in order to gain future insight, larger samples and longer observation periods should be evaluated.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the repair of hard and soft tissue using Osteo Gen and comparing with flap curettage in periodontal defects. 36 periodontal intraosseous defects in sixteen patients involved moderate to advanced periodontitis were randomly selected and allocated to two groups: test (22) and control groups (14). Slow resorption, excellent tissue compatibility, no exfoliation and root resorption were considered during healing. The average of pocket depth in test and control groups was 3.16 and 2.73 mm, respectively. After 6 months, the average of bone repair was 2.18 mm (68.97%) and 0.46 mm (16.84%) in test and control groups. Bone apposition was obtained in test group (0.09 mm) (2.84%) while bone loss observed in control group (0.32 mm)(l 1.72%). Initial pocket depths in test and control groups were 7.68mm and 6.61mm. After six months, re-entry surgery was performed and the measurement of new attachment was 3.45 mm (61.19%) and 2.81 mm (51.28%). Recession of the gingival margin was 1.22 mm (15.80%) and 0,58 mm (8.77%) for test and control groups,respectively. By considering these findings, using of Osteo Gen can be recommended compare with flap curettage in periodontal intraosseous defects.

One of the special kinds of periodontal disease is rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). This form of periodontitis is an aggressive disease, which results in bone destruction and loss of periodontal attachment 4 to 5 times more than adult periodontitis or slowly progressive periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of Actinobacilius actinomyct-em comitans (Aa) in RPP patients. A total number of sixty samples was collected from 15 patients with RPP and cultured inanaerobic conditions. Results showed the presence of Aa in 13 patients (86.7%), while 29 samples were Aa positive (48.3%). Two of the RPP patients (13.3%) were Aa negative even after two times bacterial culturing.

Background and Aim: Increasing patient demands for esthetic, put the root coverage procedures in particular attention. Periodontal regeneration with GTR based root coverage methods is the most common treatment used. The purpose of this study was to compare guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with collagen membrane and a bone graft, with sub-epithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), in treatment of gingival recession.

Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, eleven healthy patients with no systemic diseases who had miller’s class I or II recession defects (gingival recession  2mm) were treated with SCTG or GTR using a collagen membrane and a bone graft. Clinical measurements were obtained at baseline and 6 months after surgery. These clinical measurements included recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Data were analyzed using independent t test with p<0.05 as the limit of significance.

Results: Both treatment methods resulted in a statistically significant reduction of recession depth (SCTG=2.3mm, GTR=2.1mm P<0.0001). CAL gain after 6 months was also improved in both groups (SCG= 2.5mm, GTR=2.1mm), compared to baseline (P<0.0001). No statistical differences were observed in RD, RW, CAL between test and control groups. Root coverage was similar in both methods (SCTG= 74.2%, GTR= 62.6%, P=0.87).

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the two techniques are clinically comparable. Therefore the use of collagen membrane and a bovine derived xenograft may alleviate the need for connective tissue graft.

Background and Aim: Multiple systemic and local factors contribute to the incidence and progression of periodontal diseases. Osteoporosis is defined as changes in trabecular bone structure and probably as a systemic risk factor of periodontitis. Since both diseases are considered as major public health problems and affect numbers of adults the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal disease and the role of oral hygiene in this process.

Materials and Methods: In this historical cohort study, 68 patients were selected from 111 individuals for whom femoral and hip BMD (Bone Mineral Density) with DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) procedure was performed and PI (Plaque Index) recorded. Cases were divided into four groups of 17 persons each as follow: osteoporotic with good oral hygiene (OH), osteoporotic with poor oral hygiene (OP) normal with good oral hygiene (NH), and normal with poor oral hygiene (NP). Clinical examinations including BOP (bleeding on probing),GR (gingival recession), PPD (probing pocket depth) and TL (tooth loss) was performed for all cases. Data were analyzed by two-way and four-way ANOVA test, with p<0.05 as the level of significance.

Results: Significant relation was observed between GR (P=0.045), and TL (P=0.050) with BMD independent of oral hygiene. Whereas such relation was not true for BOP and PPD (P=0.989).

Conclusion: Our finding showed that osteoporosis can make patients more vulnerable to periodontal diseases by reducing trabecular bone mass and is related to gingival recession as well as tooth loss.

Background and Aim: Several surgical approaches have been used to achieve root coverage. The Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft (SCTG) procedure has been shown to be a predictable means to treat gingival recession. Semilunar Coronally Positioned Flap (SCPF) is a simple mucogingival surgery to cover the exposed root surface without harvesting the palatal connective tissue. The purpose of this study is to compare the outcome of gingival recession therapy using SCTG and SCPF.

Materials and Methods: Forty Miller class I buccal gingival recessions (≥2mm) were selected. Recessions were randomly assigned to receive either the SCPF or SCTG. Recession Height (RH), Recession Width (RW), Width of Keratinized Tissue (WKT), Probing Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), were measured at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and Repeated Measure ANOVA.

Results: The average percentages of root coverage for SCPF and SCTG were 88% and 71%, respectively and the complete root coverage observed were 55% and 45%, respectively. There were no significance differences between the two groups with regard to RW, PD, CAL, WKT (except in the third month after surgery which was slightly greater in SCPF group). RH was significantly decreased from 2 to 6 months after surgery in SCPF group.

Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate that if the tissue thickness and initial width of keratinized tissue are sufficient, SCPF may be a good substitute for SCTG in treatment of Miller class I gingival recessions.

Background and Aims: There is not sufficient knowledge about the relationship between smoking and vertical bone loss in periodontal diseases. There are also important evidences which propose harmful effects of smoking on periodontal tissues including alveolar bone. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between smoking and prevalence and severity of vertical bone defects.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study consisted of 71 individuals with angular bone defects (case) and 69 individuals without angular bone defects (control) between 18 to 70 years old. People were selected by radiography, examining and filling up the questionnaire. Vertical bone defect was defined as interproximal bone resorption to the extent of ≥2mm with a clear angel towards the Mesial or Distal of root. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Result: The mean age of studied individuals was 37.14 years (±12.72). Among people with angular bone defects, 21.1% were light smokers and 25.4% were moderate-heavy smokers. There was a significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers in terms of smoking status and the chance of having angular bone defects (P=0.001). Simultaneous study of the effect of sex, age, brushing and smoking status showed that except sex, other variables have a significant effect on angular bone defects. The chance of having angular bone defects in light and heavy-moderate smokers was more than that in nonsmokers (adjusted OR=4.17 and adjusted OR=3.87, respectively).
Conclusion: These observations propose that smoking is related to increase in prevalence and severity of vertical bone defects. Smoking is considered as a potential risk factor for vertical periodontal bone loss.