Journal of Dental Medicine

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Burning mouth syndrome is a painful oral disease without specific clinical symptoms. Explanation and definition of the disease depend on many factors and is characteristics to each patient.  3 types of this syndrome have been defined. Almost all oral disease specialists believe that burning mouth syndrome is multifactorial and have not mentioned any specific risk factor for it. Currently, etiologic factors are divided into 3 groups of local, systemic and psychological factors.

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA In recent years, Medical science has been developed remarkably in treatment of malignant diseases. New treatment modalities, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with different types of neoplasm have cured some cases and increased their life long. On the other hand, considerable complications have also been developed for both patients and clinicians. Viral infections of oral cavity in patients receiving chemotherapy is ignored in most cases. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate viral infections in hospitalized patients receiving chemotherapy in Hematology department of Amiralam and Imam Khomeini Hospitals. On this account 84 patients with leukemia (AML,ALL, CML, CLL) and lymphoma ( hochkin and non hochkin) who were in immunosuppression phase after chemotherapy were evaluated in 3 months. Lower incidence of viral infections in comparison to the results of other countries were obtained.

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Non-removable Keratotic lesions are relatively prevalent in various types in oral mucosa. The treatment modality is often problematic and is done by using  various specific regimens. Bleomycin was used in two primary studies with limited number of patients (N=9) . In current survey, more patients were recruited in a longer period of study. In fact, 50 leukoplakia and lichen planus patients were treated by local administration of belomycin  in a 21 months follow-up period. Statistical analysis was done by using Kaplan meier and cox Regression methods. The obtained results showed that belomycin can remove many of these lesions and can prevent both chronic pattern and malignant changes of the lesions. As In 9 cases of leukoplakia, 2 cases of recurrence were recorded. According to statistical analysis, in case of complete treatment up to 11 months , the recurrence  would not be possible. In 41 cases of lichen planus, recurrence rate was higher and after  a longer period (17 months ) following complete treatment, recurrence was totally eliminated. In fact, Recurrence can be due to psychological conditions. To conclude, local administration of Bleomycin is recommended to use to treat Oral  keratotic lesions and can act successfully based on current study's findings.

 

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Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA Canine retraction was done for 19 patients. Movement , Tipping and rotation of canine and molar movements  was done by two approaches of sliding hook and sliding mechanics using 16% wire and 18% twin edgewise brackets and were compared. 350 g force via elastic chin was applied and measurements were done both intra- and extraorally. There was not any significant statistical difference between canine and molar movements in both approaches. Canine Tipping and rotation in two approaches showed significant difference. In fact, both were lower in sliding hook approach than sliding mechanics. As lower tipping results were obtained in sliding hook approach, it is suggested to apply this method to bodily retract canine.

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  In 1996 Grinspan et al presented the association between primary hypertension and diabetes mellitus as Grinspan Syndrome. Through various studies, Researchers have noticed that epidermal lichen planus cells show enzymatic disorders as well as defective carbohydrate expression. Therefore, it was assumed that there is a relationship between cells and hormones in metabolic actions. Besides, some researchers presented the possible relation between hormonal dysfunction and immunological disorders leading to lichen planus development. It was found that primary hypertension is not related to lichen planus and lichen planus is presented in hypertensive patients as a result of antihypertensive medications. Therefore, the majority of studies in this regard have been focused on diabtese and lichen planus, their prevalence , comparing patients with the control groups and the association between blood sugar, blood fats , antihypertensive drugs and lipid lowering drugs.

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  Complex mechanisms have been known for keeping blood pressure in normal level. In fact, these mechanisms have inter-related functions and can be dysregulated by both internal and external stimuli while cardiovascular system functions to minimize these changes. Vasoconstrictors can cause clinical and hemodynamical changes as 1-2 cartridges of epinephrine containing lidocaine can has no considerable effects in a normal individual ( unless administered IV) but 3 cartridges can bring about some clinical symptoms, according to a number of investigations. In current study, epinephrine’s effect on heartbeat rate was found more potent than felypressin which is considered as a disadvantage. on the other hand, epinephrine acts on arteries and can cause less bleeding, less drug toxicity and deeper and longer anesthesia. Therefore, it is preferred to felypressin due to its better action. It should be noted that the changes resulted by epinephrine and felypressin are of no significant importance in healthy individuals.

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Composite resin restorative materials, that nowadays are used as tooth-colour materials, have both benefits and weaknesses. One of these weaknesses is the contraction resulted from resin polymerization which influences on the composite dentin bond strength and it has been tried to be eliminated by different bonding systems. The aim of this in-vitro study was to compare the dentin bond strength of two dentine adhesive systems: multi-step Scoth Bond Multipurpose (SBMP) and single- step Excite, by two composites of Ideal Makoo and Tetric. One hundred sixty (160) sound human molars were selected. At first they were debrided and mounted with acrylic resin in molds. The enamel of the buccal surface was eliminated by diamond burs. To provide a flat dentin surface, it was removed about lmm. Then, based on the type of dentin adhesive, they were divided into two groups of 30 teeth and were applied on the exposed dentine surface according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups of 15, based on the type of composite resin. Cylinders of the desired composite resin, attached to the dentin surface, were used for 80 seconds. The samples were stored in 100% humidity (37°c) for 24 hours. The bond strengths was measured by a cross head blade with the speed of 2mm/min. Variance analysis and Duncan test, with 95% confidence level, showed that statistically, two factors of adhesive and composite, interact on each other, in bond strength. There was no significant difference in bond strength, between two composites with similar adhesives, however, comparing two different adhesives with the same composite, showed that the bond strength of Tetric with Excite (28.39) was more than that of SBMP (17.98 Mpa). Finally, it was recognized that among four experimental groups, there was only a significant difference in bond strengths, between Tetric-Excite with Tetric- SBMP. This study shows that dentin bond strength is influenced by dentin bonding agents, composite type and dentin structure, and using a type of composite with a dentin bonding agent, manufactured by the same company, results in a higher bond strength.

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Background and Aim: Inducing anesthesia is one of the important tasks in dentistry. Among various techniques for injection, the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) technique is one of the most practical and prevalent methods. However, according to some proofs in reference books, the success rate for this technique is some how low. Therefore the success rate of IANB performed by 10th-semester undergraduare students from Faculty of Dentistry of Tehran University of Medical Sciences was assessed in this study.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study from patients referring to oral and maxillofacial surgery ward, 20 patients with predefined conditions were selected. For each of them, two IANB injections were done in two separated days one by a student and the other by an attend (or resident) of maxillofacial surgery ward. Success or failure of each injection was examined by Pin Prick test. In this study, the non-parametric Willcoxon test was used.

Results: In this study, the success rate of IANB was 70% and 90%, respectively for students and attends (or resident).

Conclusion: Significant statistically difference was seen between the two groups, we hope that through further practical education, this differences rsduce in following similar studies.

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Background and Aim: It is well recognized that implant treatment is common worldwide, but the approach to success is not predictable because of bone loss that occurs around the implants. Also there are many factors affecting crestal bone loss around the implants that one of them is the surgical protocol of implant installation. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the amount of crestal bone loss around the Replace implants installed according to submerged and non- submerged treatment protocol.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 11 patients received 34 implants. In each patient (unilateral or bilateral mandible), one of the implants was placed with submerged procedure and in the other one non- submerged procedure was used. In a period of 3 months a temporary partial denture that covered the implants was used. After 3 months the submerged fixture was exposed, impression was performed and fixed prosthesis was fabricated. Loss of crestal bone at each implant was measured. These measurements have been done at surgical times, over a period of 3 months after implant installation and 6 months after the delivery of the fixed prosthesis. The measurement was done with digital subtraction radiography. Data was analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test.

Results: Three months after implant placement, submerged groups showed statistically more crestal bone loss (0.65±0.71) than non-submerged (0.41±0.53) group (p=0.02). After 6 months the mean value of crestal bone loss in submerged group was 0.21±0.40 mm and in non submerged group was 0.29±0.49 mm. This data indicated no statistically significant difference between the two groups of implants (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Our results are in accordance with previously published studies and confirm that the value of crestal bone loss in submerged and non-submerged groups after 3 and 6 months were similar and in acceptable limit.

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Background and Aims: Occupational burnout is a psychological syndrome resulting from continuous tensions which causes absence, conflict, job changing, etc. In spite of much effort done in optimizing the work conditions and satisfying the employed persons, the dentists still suffer from this incident. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of occupational burnout in Birjand dentists and to provide an approach.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study by the census method, 38 dentists were investigated using Maslach questionnaire. Average values were compared with chi-square and comparison among the groups was performed by Tukey test using SPSS software. P≤0.05 was considered as the level of significance.
Results: In this study, there were 68.4% men and 31.6% women with average age of 37.9 ±7.6 years and average work experience of 12.5±7.3 years, 15.8% single and 84.2% married. Frequency of exhaustion, intense depersonalization, and intense feeling of being unsuccessful was 21.1%, 81.6%, and 100%, respectively. There were no significant differences between occupation burnout dimensions and the other variable, such as gender, sports, marital status, and workday hours (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Protection of this stratum, providing educational programs and creating job variations are necessary for optimizing the work environment. Future studies with more sample size are suggested to determine the effect of factors.

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Background and Aims: Marginal seal in class V cavity and determination of the best restorative material in reducing microleakage is of great concern in operative dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of load cycling on the microleakage of low shrinkage composites compared with methacrylate-based composites with low shirinkage rate in class V cavity preparation. Marginal integrity of these materials was assessed using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, class V cavity preparations were made on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 48 human premolars and molars (96 cavities). The specimens were divided into four groups each containing 12 teeth (24 cavities): group 1 (Kalore-GC+ G-Bond) , group 2 (Futurabond NR+Grandio), group 3 (All Bond SE+ Aelite LS Posterior), group 4 (LS System Adhesive Primer & Bond+Filtek P90). All the specimens were thermocycled for 2000 cycles (5-50^oC). In each group, half of the specimens (n=12) were subjected to 200,000 cycles of loading at 80 N. Epoxy resin replicas of 32 specimens (4 restorations in each subgroup) were evaluated using SEM and the interfacial gaps were measured. Finally, the teeth were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours at 37⁰C, then sectioned and observed under stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and the comparison between occlusal and gingival microleakage was made with Wilcoxon test.

Results: Within unloaded or loaded specimens, there were no significant differences in microleakage among four groups on the occlusal margins (P>0.05). But there were statistically significant differences in microleakage between silorane and Aelite on the gingival margins (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the microleakage of the loaded and unloaded groups on both occlusal and gingival margins for all materials (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Silorane did not perform better than the conventional low shrinkage methacrylate-based composite in terms of sealing ability (except Aelite). Cyclic loading did not increase the extent of leakage in any groups.

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  Background and Aims: The purpose of this study was research on a new herbal compound (Seidlitzia Rosmarinus) made by Traditional Medicine Research Group, University of shahed to find a safer alternative to HCL-Pumice compound technique.

  Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial seventy two anterior teeth from 9 patients were divided in to three groups according to fluorosis severity: mild (34 teeth), moderate (14 teeth), and sever (24 teeth). In each patient, half of the teeth were treated with “Shahed” compound and other half treated with HCL-Pumice compound. Before and after treatment, photographs were taken in both groups. HCL-Pumice treatment compound was applied for 30 seconds periods and continued for 10 minutes if necessary. In case of herbal Shahed compound the time was determined by clinical symptoms or when labial contour was dismissed, If the result was not esthetistically acceptabale for the patient, HCL-Pumice compound was applied on teeth. NaF was applied after mouth washing. The photographs of the teeth before and after treatment were reviewed by two experienced observer unaware of the treatment modality. The results were analyzed using willcoxon^’s, kruskal-wallis and scheffe test.

  Results: There was over 81.3% acceptance between two observers and no significant differences in intraobservers evaluation (P>0.05). Improvement in beauty indexes were observed in all degrees of dental fluorosis by 18% with HCL-Pumice compound application, but “Shahed” herbal compound induced significant reduction in the amount of white spots in mild fluorosis and stain intensity of moderate fluorosis (P<0.05) , while the reduction in the severity of discoloration in group 2, these two techniques were statistically equivalent but in the remainder, HCL-Pumice compound was more significantly effective (P<0.05) .

  Conclusion: HCL-Pumice compound reduces the severity of the discoloration of the teeth. Shahed herbal compound cannot reduces the discoloration like as HCL-Pumice compound.

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Background and Aims: The SARS-CoV-2 virus, capable of airborne transmission through aerosols, poses a significant challenge in clinical settings such as dental clinics. The use of high-speed instruments, including handpieces and ultrasonic scalers, generates considerable aerosols that, if contaminated, may facilitate infection transmission. This study aimed to detect the presence of the  SARS-CoV-2 virus in the clinical and non-clinical areas of a dental clinic.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 20 air samples were collected from various sections of the Dental School of Arak University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was performed using a pump equipped with a filter for two hours at a flow rate of 5 L/min and a height of 1.5 m above the floor. The samples were transported under a cold chain, the viral RNA was extracted, and then were analyzed using a specific RT-PCR kit.

Results: Out of 20 collected air samples, 3 samples (15%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Two from clinical departments (restorative and fixed prosthodontics) and one from a non-clinical area
(pre-clinic).

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detectable in some air samples from both clinical and non-clinical areas of the dental clinic. These results highlight the importance of strict adherence to infection control protocols across all sections of dental clinics to minimize the risk of airborne transmission.