Journal of Dental Medicine

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Angiolipoma is a benign mesenchymal Lesion that is mainly occures on trunk, arm and forearm as a subcutaneous nodule. The occurrence on head and neck is rare.In this article, we are going to review and present a new and unusual care of angiolipama.

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Peripheral giant cell granuloma (P.G.C.G) is an exophytic lesion with an approximate size of 0.5-1.5 mm. It usually occurs on gingival and alveolar ridge of mandible particularly in molar and premolar region. The relation of serum calcium (Ca), Phosphor (P), and alkaline phosphatase (Alk) levels to P.G.C.G is yet controversial. In this descriptive study, 33 patients with P.G.C.G were chosen and serum Ca, P, and Alk levels compared with the normal range. In all patients the level of Ca was in the normal range. Phosphor (P) was in the normal range in all patients over 17 years old and 80% under 17 years. The level of ALK in 75.8 percent of the patients over 17 years and 90% under 17 years was in the normal range. In conclusion, no relationship was found between serum changes and P.G.C.G. It means P.G.C.G can be compeletly independent lesions from serum changes.

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Muscular pain is one of the most common causes for facial pain. Myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is one of the most important disorders of facial area that affected patients suffer from pain, tenderness of one or more masticatory muscles and limitation of movements. Lack of specific and effective therapeutic method, makes it necessary to find a treatment to decrease pain. Considering the analgesic and anti- inflammatory effects of low-level laser, some investigators have recommended it for MPDS patient's treatment. In this study, the effects of low level laser (Ga-Al-As) on MPDS patients referred to dental faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, were investigated. Twenty- two MPDS patents, with mean age 33.32 years, were treated for 4 weeks (12 visits). Clinical examinations were performed in 6 stages. The results of this study showed that variables such as pain severity, cheek pain, pain frequency and tenderness of masseter, temporal, internal and external pterygoid muscles, had a statistically significant improvement at the end of treatment with low level laser (GA-A1-AS) which lasted for three months, (follow- up period). Results of this study showed that, low-level laser therapy has a sedative effect on the pain and tenderness of masticatory muscles in MPDS. Patients and having an accurate and regular program to complete treatment period, has an important role in MPDS improvement.

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Statement of Problem: The Prevalence of HBsAg, among patients with Down Syndrome (DS) has been reported higher than normal population. Living in institutes, comparing to home, leads to higher probability of HBsAg prevalence.

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine HBsAg prevalence in patients with DS and compare it with other mentally retarded patients with similar conditions, and also with healthy population in Iran.
Materials and Methods: One hundred patients, with average age of 12 years, living in five institutes inTehran, were chosen. Children with DS and other mentally retarded children were considered as the first and second groups, respectively (50 members in each group). Blood samples were taken and tested (ELLSA) to determine HBsAg and HBsAb titre. For statistical analysis, Chi- Square test was used.

Results: HBsAg was positive in 8% and 4% of DS and MR groups, respectively. HBsAb was seen in 25% of DS, comparing to 32% of MR. The prevalence of HBsAg in retarded patients living in institutes was higher than normal population of Iran (less than 3%), which was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Consideration of sterilization principles and infection control upon dental operations, in these centers, are necessary. It is also suggested that these children, as a high- risk population, should be vaccinated against hepatitis B.

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