Journal of Dental Medicine

One of the major goals of periradicular surgery is to create a good apical sea! at the apex. This is done by sectioning of 2 to 3mm from the apex, preparation of a class I cavity and filling with a biocompatible material.The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine whether ultrasonic units used for root end preparations could change the surface & structure of resected root ends, as competed to common methods of retropreparation. Eighty-five extracted single rooted teeth were divided into five similar groups. Then instrumented and filled with lateral condensation method. Then three millimeter of apex was resected, retropreparaiions in two groups were done with low speed handpiece and round V) ^ur and cavities in two other groups prepared with the highest power of dentspiay ultrasonic unit with TFI-10 tip and in one other group prepared with the highest power of neo sonic ultrasonic unit with diamond coated CT-1 retro tip.Following root resection and retropreparation the surface of resected root ends were examined for the presence of any cracks or structural changes on the surface of resected root ends with stereo microscope 50x.The results of this study showed thai high power settings of ultrasonic units can increase the potential of crack formation on resected root surfaces. In conclusion it is better to use low power setting of ultrasonic for retropreparation.

One of the major goals of preradicular surgery is to create a good apical seal. This can be done by sectioning approximately one third of the apex, preparation of a class I cavity, and filling with a biocompatible material. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare crack propagation in retro filling with two commercially available amalgams. Thirty-four extracted single rooted teeth were divided into two groups. After instrumentation and filling with Gutta percha by lateral condensation method, three millimeter of apex was resected and retro preparations were done by a low speed hand piece and '/> round bur. Then cavities were filled with cinalloy and luxalloy amalgam in-group "one" and "two" respectively. The surface of resected root ends was examined in two stages, after doing retro preparation and retro filling and the presence of any cracks or structural changes was inspected by stereomicroscope 50x. Regard to number and type of cracks, the result of this study showed that there was no significant difference between cinalloy or luxalloy retro fillings. By considering the conditions of this study, cinalloy amalgam can be used as a retro filling material.

Recently, inductive materials have been used for accelerating pulp cells and differentiation of odontoblast cells for regenerating secondary dentin. Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) is one of these materials. Endochondral Bone Matrix Gelatin (Ec BMG) has been used less than others. This study was designed to evaluate dentin formation by Ec BMG in rabbit. Ec BMG was prepared"from tibia and femur of 4 Deutsche-Poland rabbits with average ages of 4-6 months. In this research, 12 rabbits were divided randomly to two groups (8 and 4 rabbits, respectively). In the first group, incisive tooth in one side was considered as experimental group and in other side as control group. In experimental group, pulp was exposed and Ec BMG was put in it. But, in control group, after exposing the pulp, tooth was dressed. In the second group, the rabbits were kept like the first group. They were killed in 28 and 60 days period time and their natural dentin was used for comparison of their calcium and phosphor with the first group. The light microscope and scanning electron microscopic study were performed on days of 28 and 60 after operation. Also, new secreted matrix was analyzed for measuring calcium and phosphor on all groups. The histological results on day 28 showed secondary' dentin and osteodentin formation in experimental group. The scanning electron microscopic observation on 60th days after operation in experimental group showed mineralized mass on site of Ec BMG implantation. In contrast, in control and second groups, no mineralized mass was observed. Analyzing of new secreted matrix in experimental group showed the high deposition of calcium and phosphate on Ec BMG implantation site. But, the amount of calcium and phosphate in experimental group was the same as the second group. Results of present investigation indicated that, implantation of Ec BMG in pulp cavity could induce pulp cells, secondary dentin and osteodentin in rabbit. So, Ec BMG can be effective in repairing of dentin related defects.

Statement of Problem: Several methods are used to enhance bone repair and new bone formation, and bone matrix gelatin (BMG) is recently introduced.

Purpose: The purpose of this histologic and histomorphometric study was to assess the osteogenic potential and the quantity of new trabecular bone formation after implantation of OCP and BMG alone and in combination into the cranial defects in rat.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 100 young male Sprague Dawley rats (5-6 weeks age and 120-150gr weight) were divided into four groups randomly. A full thickness standard trephine defect 5mm in diameter was made in the rat’s parietal bone, and 5mg of OCP, BMG alone and in combination were implanted into the defects. No OCP and BMG particles were implanted in control group which was otherwise treated identically. On the 5th, 7th, 14th, 21st and 56th days after implantation, the rats were killed and bone samples collected. After processing the samples by routine histological procedures, 5µm thick sections of bone were cut and stained with Haematoxyline & Eosin (H&E) and Alcian Blue and studied histologically and histomorphometrically using light microscope and eyepiece graticule. The amount of newly formed bone was quantitatively measured by the use of histomorphometric methods. Data were analyzed with SAS statistical package using ANOVA and Duncan tests.

Results: In the experimental groups, the new bone formation was initiated from the margin of defects during 5-14 days after implantation. During 14-21 days after implantation, bone marrow cavities and bone marrow tissues in newly formed bone were seen. By the end of the study, the newly formed bone increased and was relatively matured and almost all of the implanted materials were absorbed. In control group, at the end of the study, a few clusters of new bone were seen near to the defect margins and host bone. The histomorphometric analysis indicated statistical significant differences in the amount of newly formed bone between the experimental and control groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Implants of OCP/BMG appear to stimulate bone induction and new bone growth in bone defects greater than the other groups and these biomaterials could be used in the repair of cranial bone defects in clinical situations.

Endodontic treatment of immature permanent teeth accompanies with several issues. The primary goal when treating such teeth is to maintain pulp vitality so that root development can occur normally. Indications and requirements for vital pulp therapy include asymptomatic and reversible pulpitis. Also there are controversial opinions regarding the ultimate clinical treatment of the vital pulp therapy techniques. In this manuscript we report 3 cases of immature symptomatic permanent molars with irreversible pulpitis caused by caries exposure of the pulp that have been undergone vital pulp therapy successfully.

Background and Aims: Root canal obturation is of great importance in root canal treatment. Its purpose is to eliminate microleakage, re-entry and growth of micro-organisms in the root canal system. The aim of this study was to compare coronal salivary microleakage in obturated root canals using lateral compaction, single cone gutta-percha and System B vertical compaction methods.

Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 80 single rooted, human extracted teeth were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (n=20) and 2 positive and negative control groups (n=10). The specimens in each experimental group were obturated by using cold lateral compaction, single cone obturation, or continuous wave of condensation (system B). After that, coronal saliva leakage was evaluated. Data were analyzed using Survival analysis and Log-rank test.

Results: The results showed that all the specimens in the positive control group showed evidences of leakage during the first 7 days of study. None of the specimens in negative control group showed leakage during the 30-days period of the experiment. Survival test and log-rank test showed that at the end of the 30 days, there was significantly less resistance to coronal salivary leakage in single cone method compared with lateral compaction (P=0.039) and continuous wave of condensation (P=0.019) groups. No significant difference was observed between lateral compaction and System B vertical continuous method (P=0.564).

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, lateral compaction and system B groups showed higher resistance against the coronal leakage compared with single cone group.

  Background and Aims: Successful root canal therapy requires knowledge of tooth anatomy and root canal morphology. For permanent mandibular premolars, great variety in size, shape and number of roots and root fusion expression has been reported in the literature. There is a wide variety of methods used in studies for evaluating the root canal morphology. One of these methods is Cone-beam Computed tomography (CBCT) that reduces the limitations of two-dimensional X-ray imaging, with less exposure in comparison with other 3D radiographies. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the differences in the root and canal morphology of permanent mandibular premolars in an Iranian population by means of CBCT images.

  Materials and Methods: We searched a database of CBCT scans and evaluated 400 (20-60 years old) patients who met the inclusion criteria and teeth in this images (CBCT) were evaluated in three dimensions (Axial, Coronal and Sagital). Tooth length, number of roots, number of canals, canal type, root curvature and the effect of gender on any of the items mentioned were evaluated. Data were analyzed using T-test.

  Results: The average length of the first premolar of mandibular was 22.27 mm and second premolar was 22.28 mm. 98.4% of the first premolar and 98.2% of the second premolar were single root., and 87.3% and 93.1% were single channel. The incidence of number of canals based on vertochy divisions were:type 1: 90.7% and 90.8%, type 0: 2.2% and 2.8%, type 4: 3.3% and 3.1%, type 6: 1.4% and 2.1% and type 3: 2.5% and 1.5% respectively. In any case, there was no significant difference between males and females (P<0.001).

  Conclusion: Results indicate that dentists can obtain valuable information about the anatomy and morphology of the root canals using CBCT.