Showing 128 results for Ph
Babak Amoian, Shaghayegh Noori Bayat, Zahra Molana, Ali Akbar Moghaddam Nia, Fariba Asgharpoor,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aims : Antibiotics are commonly used for controlling the growth of porphyromons gingivalis (P.g) which is one of the most important etiologic factors in the periodontal diseases. Different side effects of synthetics and chemical drugs such as increasing the drug resistancy in the human pathogens have led to study on the herbal antibacterial effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of cinnamon on the growth of porphyromons gingivalis in chronic periodontitis patients with deep pockets.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, samples were provided from patients having pockets. After culturing the microorganism and diagnosis of P.g by gram staining and biochemical tests, cinnamon in different concentrations (10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1500 mg/ml ) with oil solvent were prepared and placed by disks in the cultures medium. Positive controls were amoxicillin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, amikacin and gentamycin . Oil was negative control. Then the plates were incubated for 24 hours in 37 0 C and then non-growth halos by disk diffusion method, MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) were determined. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA test.
Results: The results showed that the cinnamon at the concentration of MIC=750 mg/ml had the inhibitory effects of bacteria and at the concentration of MIC=1500 mg/ml had killing effect. However, this antibacterial effect compared with commonly used antibiotics (amoxicillin, metronidazole), was much weaker (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Cinnamon showed an antimicrobial effect on porphyromonas gingivalis in chronic periodontitis patients with deep pockets.
Fateme Mokhtari, Mohammad Hossein Yosefi, Ali Gharaati Jahromi,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (6-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Root canal therapy is one of the most important parts of a general dentist's profession. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic quality of root canal therapy performed by under graduated students at Yazd dental school.
Materials and Methods: Records of patients, who were referred to the endodontic department during 2010-2012 and treated by undergraduated students, were divided into three groups by the numbers of canals and 80 specimens from each group were randomly evaluated. For the assessment, the quality of accomplished treatments, the indices: length, taper, and density of obturation were used and the errors during root treatment were recorded. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Chi-square.
Results: According to the results, 155 (64.6%) records had appropriate filling length, whereas 55 (22.9%) were underfilled and 30 (12.5%) were overfilled. The acquired difference was statistically significant among three groups. (P<0.001). 187 (77.9%) records had adequate taper and 157 (65.4%) records had adequate density. The difference in the evaluating of taper (P=0.976) and density (P=0.879) was not significant. Totally, 39.2% of specimens had all the properties of an appropriate root canal treatment.
Conclusion: The results of the present study can be used to identify weaknesses in the treatment of different educational groups and help them to achieve a proper planning to improve the quality of endodontic treatments.
Hanieh Nojehdehyan, Maryam Torshabi, Fahimeh Sadat Tabatabaei,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Until now, different types of scaffolds are presented for hard tissue engineering and the research continues to find the best scaffold. The aim of this study was to prepare scaffolds using two types of composite materials, ChitosanTriCalcium Phosphate (C/TCP) and ChitosanTriCalcium Phosphate/ Hydroxy apatite (C/TCP/ HA) and to add either 10% or 20% gelatin to compare their influence on swelling ratio of the scaffolds and on their affinities towards Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs).
Materials and Methods: Composite scaffolds containing 10 or 20 percent of gelatin were prepared by freeze drying method. To determine the percentage of water absorption, swelling ratio studies were performed. Cell attachment and cell viability of the composite scaffolds were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and MTT ( dimethyl-thiazol-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ) assay. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Turkey’s post hoc test. A P-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: The C/TCP scaffold and scaffolds containing 20% gelatin showed good swelling character. The macroporous composite scaffolds exhibited different pore structures. The biological response of DPS cells on C/TCP scaffold, C/TCP scaffold containing 20% gelatin, and C/TCP/HA scaffold was superior in terms of cell attachment, proliferation, and spreading compared to the other scaffolds (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the limitations of this in vitro studies, the results demonstrated that enhanced gelatin content in the C/TCP scaffolds do not improve initial cell adhesion and proliferation of the DPSCs on these scaffolds.
Mehrdad Panjnoosh, Farnoosh Taghavi, Ahmad Reza Shamshiri,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aims: There is a risk of nerve injury during the extraction of the impacted third molars, in cases with proximity of the inferior alveolar nerve and this tooth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different various factors on the degree of vulnerability using CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) imaging technique.
Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 191 patients referred for the exact assessment of the relationship between the mandibular canal and impacted mandibular third molars were selected. The position of these anatomical structures was evaluated at their contact point. The possible effect of gender, impaction form of the third molars, anatomical relationship between the third molars and the mandibular canal and the age differences were studied. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Student’s t-test.
Results: There was a close relationship between the mandibular canal and impacted third molars in 81.7% of the patients. The contacts were shown to be significantly higher in females than males (P=0.01) and in the cases with the lingually position of the third molar and the mandibular canal (P<0.001). However, the age and impaction form of the teeth did not have a significant influence (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The risk of nerve damage or exposure is increased in females and lingual position of the mandibular canal to the third molar in cases with higher proximity between these 2 structures in panoramic radiographs using CBCT images. Therefore, the surgeon must pay enough attention in these cases of third molar extraction.
Dastnaei Peimaneh Hosseini , Dastgurdi Maziar Ebrahimi ,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aims: In case of nonsurgical endodontic re-treatment or replacing a restoration, one of the best methods for removing post from the canal is using an ultrasonic vibration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic vibration time on the retention of post luted with zinc phosphate or glass ionmer cements.
Materials and Methods: 96 sound extracted lower premolars were selected. The coronal section of specimen was removed and the roots were endodontically treated. A 9-mm post space was prepared in each specimens and a stainless steel Parapost XP was cemented into the post space. Half of the specimens were cemented with the Zinc phosphate cement and the other by g lass ionomer cement. After 7 days of storage, both groups were equally divided into 4 subgroups of 12 teeth. Control group did not receive any treatment. The other subgroups subjected to ultrasonic vibration for 4, 8 or 12 minutes. The retention of all specimens was evaluated and data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests.
Results: In control (no ultrasonic) group and 4 minute ultrasonic group, the retention of posts luted with Zinc phosphate cement were not significantly differen t from those luted with g lass ionomer cement. (P=0.372). On the other hand , applying of ultrasonic vibration for 8 and 12 minutes in zinc phosphate and 12 minutes in g lass ionomer caused a significant reduction in the retention of posts (P=0.01).
Conclusion: Although, the initial retention of two cements was not different, the ultrasonic vibration had more catastrophic effect on zinc phosphate in comparison to glass ionomer.
Goudarzipoor Dariush , Sowdagar Ahmad , Romoozi Elham , Xiavi Hesam Mikaili , Faal Behzad Sheykh ,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aims: In the panoramic images, palatoglossal space error develops when the patient is unable to put the tongue against the mouth roof. In the case of this error, the radiographic diagnosis of the area is made with some difficulties or ever the image may lose its diagnostic ability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the palatoglossal space error of the panoramic images and skeletal relationship.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional trial, 494 panoramic images were selected at the orthodontic department of Tehran dental school archive and the existence of the palatoglossal space was determined. The palatoglossal space error was statistically analyzed using chi-square test regarding the patients’ gender, age and skeletal relationships.
Results: Of total panoramic images, 346 (70.0%) cases showed palatoglossal space error while 148 (30.0%) images were free from this error. Furthermore, 74.1% of male images and 66.9% of female images showed palatoglossal space error. In Cl I (1˂ANB≤3), Cl II and Cl III patients 65.6%, 73.1% and 67.4% of the images demonstrated the error, respectively. The incidence of palatoglossal space error in 5-14 and 15 years old age or higher patients were 72.2% and 58.8%, respectively.
Conclusion: It was concluded that n o significant difference w as noted between the incidences of the palatoglossal space error regarding the patients’ gender or their skeletal relationships . T he error frequency was significantly decreased with age .
Mehryari Mahsa , Mortazavi Nazanin , Sayyadi Fatemeh , Mohsenitavakoli Saman , Zahedpasha Shaghayegh , Mortazaviamiri Seyedhadi , Bijani Ali , Kazemi Hamed Hossein , Motallebnejad Mina ,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The purpose of the present study was to review the studies regarding serological and salivary oxidant / antioxidant status in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).
Materials and Methods: The literature was searched using key words RAS, Antioxidants, Saliva, Hematinic (s) and Hematinic Acid in the last 10 years, particularly the recent 3 years (2010-2013). At total of 37 clinical trials, 18 case-control articles were selected and evaluated fulfilling the requirements as the RAS patients having at least 3 oral aphthous attack per year. The exclusion criteria included systemic as well as periodontal diseases, iron deficiency associated anemia, medication usage and smoking.
Conclusion: Almost all lipid-peroxidation studies in serum and saliva were manifested by an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in RAS patients compared with controls. This would indicate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the etiology of the disease. Serum trace elements (Zn, Se) were reduced and Cu was increased in RAS patients in comparison with control individuals. A decreased serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and an increased salivary SOD were observed in all RAS patients. Catalase (CAT) and uric acid (UA) analyses were non-inclusive. Levels of paraoxonase and arylesterase as well as antioxidant vitamins (A, E, C) were lower in RAS patients than that of controls.
Sandra Mehralizadeh, Peyman Mehrvarzfar, Sima Taghizadeh, Maryam Edalat, Mahashad Mohebi,
Volume 28, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Diagnosis of vertical root fractures often poses a clinical dilemma. Diagnosis of VRF in intraoral radiographs, except in cases where the beam is perpendicular to the direction of fracture is difficult. Misdiagnosis often leads to wrong decisions about the design of teeth future treatment plan. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of reverse contrast enhancement options in digital radiography, and to compare it with the original images to find a suitable method to detect vertical root fracture.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, digital radiography with phosphor plate detector was taken from 40 extracted single root teeth. From each intact and fractured tooth, the original and reverse contrast images captured and stored. Two expert observers viewed the images twice with an interval of two weeks. Diagnostic criteria (Accuracy, PPV, NPV, Specificity and Sensitivity) in form of absolute and complete for each observer and each images was calculated. Inter and intra observer reliability was obtained using Mc-Nemar test.
Results: No significant differences in inter-observer reliability between the initial appearance and reverse contrast was observed (P>0.05), but in view of the intra-observer reliability in two cases, the difference was significant (P<0.05). No significant difference in the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and PPV was observe between the two used images (P>0.05), whereas significant difference between the two images was found in NPV index (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of reverse contrast enhancement option for detection of vertical root fracture did not show significant difference from initial view.
Mohsen Shirazi, Yasamin Farajzadeh Jalali, Hojat Darvishpour,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Cleft lip and palate patients require orthodontic treatments during their childhood and adolescence. Tweed diagnostic triangle as well as cephalometric assessments provides important data regarding the skeletal patterns for the treatment and diagnostic purposes. The present study determined the cephalometric changes of Tweed triangle in the cleft lip and palate patients compared to normal patients.
Materials and Methods: In total, 101 cleft and palate patients as well as 95 normal individuals with the balanced age, gender and race were evaluated. All the cleft and palate patients had similar treatment histories. Radiographic clichés were obtained from both groups and the images were traced after identifying the anatomic landmarks. The studied landmarks included points, lines, and plans as well as dental and skeletal angles and distance ratios measured in radiographic images. The landmarks were statistically analyzed using Student t test.
Results: Significant differences were found between the cleft lip and palate patients and normal individuals regarding craniofacial complex morphology (P<0.001). Gender did not show significant effect on the cephalometic indices changes (except to IMPA and FMIA angles). Tweed angle changes were more in the males than that of females between normal and cleft lip and palate patients. Mandibular retrusion (decreased SNB), gonial angle opening, increased mandibular plan inclination and facial anterior height were similar in the normal and cleft lip and palate individuals while no significant differences were found between two groups regarding cranium indices (P>0.05).
Conclusion: In total, significant differences were observed between normal and cleft lip and palate individuals regarding Tweed diagnostic triangle area. These differences were decreased IMPA and increased FMA and FMIA angles. No significant differences were found in terms of other indices.
Farshid Shams, Fahime Sadat Sanaei, Nasim Azizi, Ali Peymani, Zeinab Davoudmanesh,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aims: According to concerns of technical errors in intraoral radiographs and reports of positive effects of central ray laser pointer on the students, technical errors and shortcomings of earlier research, this study was conducted at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology of Tehran Azad University to determine the role and use of laser pointer in the technical error made by students.
Materials and Methods: This clinical trials study was carried out at the Department of Radiology, Dental School of Azad Tehran University. A total of eighty students were divided into two groups of forty. In the first group the periapical technique was taught without laser guided indicator, while in the second group laser guided indicator was applied in training the students. All students took X-rays from the phantoms. Laser guided indicator is made of one low power red laser diodes.Totally 560 X-rays were taken and the technical errors and the quality of X-rays were evaluated. Data were analyzed statistically using Mann-Whitney and Chi Square tests (&alpha=0.05).
Results: The X-rays taken by students showed significant differences in cone cutting (P<0.001), and overlapping (P<0.001) between the two study groups. In the subjective review of X-ray quality, the difference was also significant (P=0.03).
Conclusion: The use of laser guided indicator as a training aid seems to be practical for easier learning of central ray adjustment and reduction of technical errors in taking X-rays by dental students.
Mehran Bahrami, Maryam Memarian, Farinaz Khodadad Kashi,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Residual ridge resorption is an unpredictable, unavoidable and time-dependent process which occurs in denture-wearing patients especially those who use mandibular dentures. This process causes more problems in mandible because of its less support, tongue forces and more resorption. Inserting implants in many of these patients requires bone grafts. Overdentures are also more expensive. Denture adhesives are the last option to improve retention and masticatory function in denture-wearers with severe resorption of alveolar ridge. Nowadays only a few denture adhesives are used in Iran and there is not much information about their standard features including, pH, bond strength and washability. The objective of this study was to examine and compare the mentioned characteristics of four denture adhesives (Professional, Corega, Fittydent and Fixodent) and to introduce the most suitable denture adhesive for clinical use.
Materials and Methods: All the methodologies of ISO 10873:2010 were applied. To measure the pH value, 1±0.1g of each denture adhesive was diluted with 5g of propylene glycol and mixed with water. Using pH meter, pH of each group was measured separately for 4 times (n=4) and results were recorded. For the washability test, 4 dentures were fabricated (n=4) and each group of denture adhesives was placed on a denture according to manufacture instructions. For simulating mouth environment specimens were placed in water at 37±2 ̊C bath for 1 hour and then washed with a plastic brush. Specimens were examined for any residual adhesive and the results were recorded. For bond strength test, a sample holder was gently filled with denture adhesives and was attached to the holding arm of bond strength testing device (Santam, STM 20, Iran). Specimens were placed in 300ml water bath at 37±2 ̊C for 10 minutes, and then shaken to be dried and placed in the bond strength testing device. 10N force with 5mm/min rate was applied to the specimen. The force was maintained for 30s and then device arm was pulled back and the highest number was recorded with computer software (Santam Machine Controller v4.19, Iran). The test performed 8 times (n=8) for each adhesive and 8 results were recorded. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test for comparing the bond strength with a significant level fixed
at 0.05.
Results: Professional and Corega adhesives had more neutral pH than that of Fittydent and Fixodent which were more acidic. Washability test showed no remaining mass of any adhesive and there was not any statistically significant difference between groups (P>0.05). Fittydent and Corega adhesives showed higher bond strength than that of Professional and Fixodent and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Professional and Corega adhesives had less acidity. Thus they cause less harmful effects on the oral mucosa than that of Fittydent and Fixodent and should be indicated in patients with little-tolerant oral mucousa such as diabetous, iron-deficiency anemia and hypertention. All the groups had acceptable washability. Fittydent and Corega had higher bond strength than that of Professional and Fixodent. Therefore in complete-denture-wearers who require more retention as a result of severe ridge resorption, macrotruma, and maladaptiivity, Fittydent and Corega seems to be more acceptable.
Reza Masaeli, Tahereh Sadat Jafarzadeh Kashi, Farhad Shafiei,
Volume 28, Issue 3 (10-2015)
Abstract
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) is a biodegradable polymer which has used in a different fields of medical applications. As PLGA is approved by FDA(food and drug administration) the range of this usage is increasing in comparison to the past. Particularly, PLGA are also developed for the dental field in the form of scaffolds, films, membranes, microparticles, or nanoparticles. PLGA scaffolds have been used to regenerate damaged tissues together with stem cell-based therapy. There is solid evidence thatthe development of PLGA microparticles and nanoparticles may be beneficial to a wide range of dental fields such as endodontic therapy, dental caries, dental surgery, dental implants, or periodontology. The aim of the current paper was to review the recent advances in PLGA materials and their potential uses in Dentistry via exploring related literature during 2004 till 2016 in Science Direct and PubMed.
Mahdi Niknami, Maryam Mostafavi, Elham Romoozi, Hesam Mikaeili Xiavi,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Considering importance of recognizing the position of incisive canal before inserting intraosseous implants and bone harvesting from the symphysis and to preventing from adverse effects after these surgeries, using appropriate imaging method is essential and necessary. Due to the high accuracy measurement and high quality of CBCT and also low received dose to patient ̦ the aim of this study was to evaluate and recognize the position of incisive canal using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods: In this study, good quality CBCT mandible image of 60 patients including 32 women and 28 men with average ages of 41.3±2.5 were observed for diagnosing and recognizing the position of mandibular incisive canal using three observers separately. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software (version 20.0 for Windows, Chicago, IL, USA) and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.
Results: Horizontal and vertical assessment was independent from the sex of patients. The incisive canal was recognizable in 89.8 percent of specimens. In vertical dimension, in 57.5 percent of specimens the canal was observed in the inferior one third and in 32.25 percent in the medial one third. In horizontal dimension, in 14.75 percent of specimens the canal was observed in the buccal one third, 52.75 percent in the medial one third and 22.25 percent in the lingual one third.
Conclusion: The quality of CBCT imaging and its accuracy and resolution can play an important role in the differentiation and determination of the position of incisive canal.
Seyedeh Tahereh Mohtavipour, Somayeh Nemati, Alieh Sadat Javadzadeh Haghighat, Seyedeh Saeedeh Mohtavipour, Mina Sadadt Mirkhani,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Elongation of styloid process may result in development of Eagle syndrome with associated symptoms. This study aimed to assess the frequency of elongated styloid process (ESP) and to evaluate its prevalence according to sex and age.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on digital panoramic radiographs of patients refered to the Oral Radiology Department of dental school, Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Styloid process length was measured and classified as elongated, pseudoarticulated, or segmented. Calcification patterns were determined as A, B, C, and D. ESP was defined as length > 30 mm. Data were analyzed by SPSS using T-test, Chi square, Pearson, and Spearman (P<0.05).
Results: A total of 505 digital panoramic radiographs taken from 227 males (45%) and 278 females (55%) aged 10 to 72 (40.1±12.9) years were evaluated. Elongated styloids were present in radiographs of 230 (45.5%) individuals. There was no significant difference in the ESP frequency between males (46.09%) and females (53.91%) (P=0.63). Type I and calcification B pattern showed more frequency than that of other categories.
Conclusion: According to these findings, elongated styloid process was a common condition among the studied population and had a significant correlation to the age.
Samaneh Bayat, Shirin Sakhdari, Ali Mokhtar, Ali Lotfi, Mehdi Amiri Siavashani,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Central odontogenic fibroma is a rare odontogenic neoplasm that originates from odontogenic ectomesenchyme. Most cases occur in the mandible and between the ages of 11 and 39 years. The neoplasm shows a definite female preponderance, with a ratio of 2.2:1 and has a very low recurrence rate. The aim of this article was to report a case of this rare lesion which was accidentaly found.
Case Report: A 11-year-old female, during her orthodontic treatment and without any complain and any sign or symptoms, performed a panoramic image for assessing the permanent teeth buds. In the panoramic view a unilocular radiolucent lesion with well-defined and corticated borders in the right mandibular body region was evident. The lesion was treated with simple excision. Simple type of central odontogenic fibroma histopathologic features was observed in the microscopic view.
Conclusion: Although the central odontogenic fibroma is a rare benign neoplasm, however, a careful evaluation of radiographic images is important for early detection of lesions because the patient may have no clinical symptoms such as swelling, pain and paresthesia.
Nasrollah Jabbari, Seyyed Reza Mousavi, Kamal Firoozi,
Volume 28, Issue 4 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aims: With the increasing use of CT (Computed Tomoghraphy) scans in dentistry especially in the implantology, there may be significant increases in the radiation exposure and its risk. During the last year’s ConeBeam Computed Tomoghraphy (CBCT) has been introduced as an imaging modality for dentistry. The aim of this review article was to present comprehensive information have been published, regarding the radiation dose and image quality of Conventional Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT), Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) and periapical radiography in dentistry imaging.
Materials and Methods: A review of the literature was carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus database using key words (CBCT, MSCT, periapical radiography, radiation dose of dentistry and image quality). These searches were limited to the articles published between the years of 1993 to 2015.
Conclusion: In comparison to MSCT, CBCT had a short scanning times and lower radiation dose, but in comparison to periapical radiography, CBCT had higher radiation dose. In contrast, CBCT with flat panel detector had higher spatial resolution to MSCT. The periapical radiography also had a good image contrast and relatively high resolution. Generally, CBCT was suitable for hard tissue imaging and MSCT was preferred for soft tissue imaging.
Majid Sahebi, Marzieh Alikhasi, Farshad Movafegh, Vahideh Nazari,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aims: In response to esthetic demand and use of zirconia abutments; detection of implant-abutment connection misfit is so important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of radiographic images in the detection of abutment-implant connection misfit in zirconia and titanium abutments of three different implant connections.
Materials and Methods: One regular implant fixture of Branemark, Noble active and Replace systems were mount in acrylic models. Two pieces titanium and zirconium abutments were attached to the implants, once with correct adaptation and once with 0.5 mm spacer. Digital radiographic images were taken of 12 created states with zero degree vertical and horizontal inclination and evaluated by 10 specialists in implant treatment in two different time penods. Data were analyzed using Kappa analysis.
Results: Interclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) of the agreement of answers in the first and second times were 97.4 and 97.5, respectively (P<0/001). Sensitivity of detecting gap in all groups was acceptable (95-100%) except titanium abutment in Noble active which was the lowest value (35%). Specificity of all groups were acceptable (80-95%) except zirconia abutments in Noble active and Replace with 45% and 30% values, respectively, and titanium abutments in Branemark had the highest value (95%).
Conclusion: The sensitivity of radiographic images in detection of abutment-implant connection misfit only in Noble active with titanium abutment was not acceptable. Specificity of radiographic images in the absence of gap in titanium abutments was more favorable.
Mohtavipour Seyedeh Tahereh , Seyedeh Saeideh Mohtavipour, Alieh Sadat Javadzadeh Haghighat, Shiva Sadeghi, Maryam Rezvani, Bahar Mahmoud Khalesi,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Estimating the canal length is essential for reaching to a proper endodontic treatment. Any error and miscalculation in estimation of the working length, especially in curved canals, can result in complication during and after root canal therapy. The introduction of digital radiography has enabled us to measure curved canal length. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the calibration tool of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) digital system in estimation of working length.
Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 80 extracted molar teeth were selected and randomly divided into three groups based on angle and radius of canal curvature. A 5 mm orthodontic wire was placed on the lateral surface of the root. Conventional radiographs were taken after insertion of endodontic file in the apical third of root canals. Radiographic images were scanned and imported to the software of CMOS digital system. Two observers estimated the file lengths with and without using calibration tool of digital measurement software. The correlation between observers was evaluated and then data were analyzed using Paired T-test with 95% confidence.
Results: Overall agreement between observers was good. There was no significant difference between the mean values of calibrated measurement and true file length in the basis of canal curves (P>0.001). However, there was significant difference between the mean values of uncalibrated measurement and true file length in the basis of canal curvature (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The calibrated measurement of file length was more accurate than that of the uncalibrated file length measurement.
Afshin Yadegari Naeeni, Masoud Vatani, Bahareh Botlani Yadegar,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Despite advances in trauma management, treatment of the consequent infections has remained a major challenge. Antibiotic prophylaxis has been widely applied to reduce such infections. Although bacteria are present in most body parts, severe infections after treatment are less frequent in the head and neck of healthy individuals. The aim of the present study was to review the reasonable application of antibiotic prophylaxis in maxillofacial trauma.
Materials and Methods: In this review article, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies on antibiotic prophylaxis in maxillofacial trauma published during 2000-2014.
Conclusion: Antibiotics were not prescribed for tears and small clean wounds in the face and mouth. However, prophylaxis was applied for extensive mouth injuries which involved the facial skin. In case of maxillofacial fractures, 24-hour administration of antibiotics sufficed for compound fractures of the mandible and other parts of the face. Antibiotics were not required in other types of fractures. Prophylaxis should be applied over short pre- or post-operative periods based on the severity and complexity of maxillofacial fractures and their relations with intra- and extraoral environments. Apparently, more detailed studies are warranted to further clarify the subject.
Habibeh Farazdaghi, Mohammad Bagher Tavakoli, Shahab Etemadi, Arash Ghodousi,
Volume 29, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Gender determination is an important step in identification. For gender determination, anthropometric evaluation is one of the main forensic evaluations. The aim of this study was the assessment of sphenoid sinus volume in order to determine sexual identity, using multi-slice CT images.
Materials and Methods: For volumetric analysis, axial paranasal sinus CT scan with 3-mm slice thickness was used. For this study, 80 images (40 women and 40 men older than 18 years) were selected. For the assessment of sphenoid sinus volume, Digimizer software was used. The volume of sphenoid sinus was calculated using the following equation: v=∑ (area of each slice × thickness of each slice). Statistical analysis was performed by independent T-test.
Results: The mean volume of sphenoid sinus was significantly greater in male gender (P=0.01).The assessed Cut off point was 9/35 cm3, showing that 63.4% of volume assessments greater than cut off point was supposed to be male and 64.1% of volumetry lesser than cut off point were female.
Conclusion: According to the area under Roc curve (1.65%), sphenoid sinus volume is not an appropriate factor for differentiation of male and female from each other, which means the predictability of cut off point (9/35 cm3 ) is 65/1% close to reality.
