Showing 26 results for Fard
Mr. Sharifian , M. Zarrabian , H. Razmi , M. Ghobadi , Mj. Kharrazifard , F. Hemmatzadeh , R Afzalifar ,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (9 2007)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is a material used in many endodontic problems. Recently a number of studies, have reported that Portland Cement (PC) and MTA have similar physical, chemical and biologic properties. In addition, a material known as Root MTA which is produced in Iran has been claimed to have similar properties to Pro Root MTA. If these claims are true, possible use of PC and Root MTA in clinic instead of Pro Root MTA will be quite cost effective. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of Pro Root MTA, Root MTA and Portland Cement on L929 mouse fibroblasts.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 0, 4, 24 hours and 7 days' extracts of materials were transferred to cell culture plates containing L929 fibroblasts. After 24 hours incubation, cells were stained by Neutral Red (NR), and optical density (OD) of each cell was read with ELISA reader. Data were analyzed using Tukey HSD and one way analysis of variance. P<0.05 was considered as the level of significance.
Results: In all surveyed groups and negative control group, at all time points separated cells from the base of the well were round. Refraction which is a characteristic of cellular death was not observed, whereas the separated cells from the base of well in positive control group showed refractional characteristic.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study Pro Root MTA, PC and Root MTA have the same biocompatibility. PC seems to have the potential to be used in the same clinical situation as MTA. However in order to replace MTA with these less expensive materials more in vitro and in vivo studies are suggested.
A. Ghorbanzadeh, M. Aminsobhani, H. Asadian, B. Bolhari, N. Shokouhinejad, Sh. Ghabraie, Mj. Kharraziefard,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (21 2010)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Root canal obturation is of great importance in root canal treatment. Its purpose is to eliminate microleakage, re-entry and growth of micro-organisms in the root canal system. The aim of this study was to compare coronal salivary microleakage in obturated root canals using lateral compaction, single cone gutta-percha and System B vertical compaction methods.
Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 80 single rooted, human extracted teeth were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (n=20) and 2 positive and negative control groups (n=10). The specimens in each experimental group were obturated by using cold lateral compaction, single cone obturation, or continuous wave of condensation (system B). After that, coronal saliva leakage was evaluated. Data were analyzed using Survival analysis and Log-rank test.
Results: The results showed that all the specimens in the positive control group showed evidences of leakage during the first 7 days of study. None of the specimens in negative control group showed leakage during the 30-days period of the experiment. Survival test and log-rank test showed that at the end of the 30 days, there was significantly less resistance to coronal salivary leakage in single cone method compared with lateral compaction (P=0.039) and continuous wave of condensation (P=0.019) groups. No significant difference was observed between lateral compaction and System B vertical continuous method (P=0.564).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, lateral compaction and system B groups showed higher resistance against the coronal leakage compared with single cone group.
S. Aghazadeh , Hr. Azimi Leysar , M. Ashouri , Mj. Kharazifard ,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (23 2010)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The present study was designed for evaluation of bovine demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in healing process of bone defects and comparison of bovine DBM (xenograft) and human DBM (allograft) which is used clinically.
Materials and Methods: Seven male white New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. The incision was made directly over the midsagital suture of the parietal bone. Then 3 bicortical defects were created with trephine bur No.8 (8mm diameter). The defects were randomly filled with graft materials. One of the defects was left without any graft in all samples (as a control defect). The amount of bone formation was evaluated 3 months after surgery histopathologically. The data were analyzed using Friedman test, and when P-value was less than 0.05, the pair wise group comparison were performed by Wilcoxon (Boneferroni adjusted) test.
Results: Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between bovine DBM group with control group (P=0.03). Furthermore, human DBM group was significantly different from control group (P=0.02). However, the difference between bovine DBM group and human DBM group was not statistically significant (P=0.87).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed the satisfactory bone healing in rabbit parietal bone defects filled with bovine DBM. The amount of healing in these defects was similar to bone defects which were filled with human DBM that is used clinically.
A. Pakdaman, Y. Soleimani Shayesteh, Mj. Kharazi Fard, R. Kabosi,
Volume 24, Issue 1 (23 2011)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Evaluation is a continuous process which is necessary for improvement of students learning and planning for required changes to obtain the educational objectives. The aim of the present study was to assess students' perspective on the achievement of the educational objectives of the Community Oral Health and Periodontology Departments using the CIPP model of evaluation.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey has been conducted using a questionnaire consists of four domains as introduced in the CIPP model of evaluation (Context, Input, Process and Product). Two groups of senior dental students of the dental school of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were approached. Data was collected anonymously and was analyzed with non-parametric Mann-Whitney test using the SPSS statistical package.
Results: The response rate was 67.7% for year 6 and 87.5% for the year 5 students. Respondents considered material presented in Periodontology Department more relevant and in need for their future career. However, teaching skills and motivation of the educators in Periodontology Department was considered inadequate. 67% of students reported having problem with material taught in Periodontology Department. Overall, significant difference in domains of Context and Process was observed between two departments (p<0.05). In the output domain students rated their clinical and theoretical ability "weak" in relation to splint, implant, management of acute gingivitis and electrosurgery compared with other topics which rated "good". Students considered their ability in using the principals of Evidence-Based Dentistry moderate.
Conclusion: The evaluation of the educational achievements of the two departments (COH and Periodontics) using CIPP model of evaluation showed that there is significant difference in two domains (Context and Process). In those topics which achievement was reported weak the revision of teaching methods is recommended.
Key Words: Education dental Program evaluation Self-evaluation
E. Moslehifard, Sh. Safaeian,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (23 2011)
Abstract
Fabrication of dental prosthesis for patients with microstomia has long been a problem for dentists. Microstomia is defined as an abnormally small oral orifice. Prosthetic rehabilitation of microstomia patients presents difficulties at all stages, from the preliminary impressions to fabrication of prosthesis. This study described a method for making impressions for patients with limited opening of the oral cavity which the use of a full-size impression tray was not possible.
Mojgan Paknejad, Yadollah Soleimani Shayesteh, Zahra Nasr Esfahani, Nina Rezomeh, Mohadeseh Heidari, Ali Mehrfard,
Volume 27, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The increase in the number of complex implant cases has drawn the attention of researchers toward materials having bone regeneration promoting ability. Socket preservation and bone graft are recommended to minimize bone resorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate a kind of xenograft collagenic bone (osteo biol gen_oss) in socket regeneration.
Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed in 12 cases (6 in test and 6 in control groups) with two hopeless teeth. After tooth extraction, in test group, graft material was put in sockets but in the control group the socket was healed naturally. Three months later, during implant placement the specimens from both sites were sent to a pathologist for histologic and histomorphometric evaluations. Data were analyzed using Mc Nemar and Wilcoxan sigh rank test (α=0.05).
Results: There were no significant differences between two groups in foreign body reaction, inflammation, bone vitality and percentage of bone gain. Average percentage of residual graft in test site was 6.73±1.43.
Conclusion: Osteobiol gen_oss xenograft is an appropriate biocompatible osteoconductive material that promotes bone regeneration at 3 months following socket preservation in human extraction sockets.
Kermanshah Hamid , Alhosseini Seyedeh Narges Ameri , Ghabraei Sholeh , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad ,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (5-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Porcelain restorations are often ground for clinical adjustment and this removes the surface glaze layer and introduces flaws that can grow in wet environments due to stress-corrosion, reduce the strength of porcelain and limit restoration lifetime. The aim of this study was to introduce some surface treatment methods to control the flaws of ceramic restorations external surface and improve their strength.
Materials and Methods: 40 feldspathic discs were prepared and divided into 4 groups (n=10): not indented (group 1) and others indented by vickers with 29.4 N and received different treatments: no treatment (group 2), polished (group 3) and polished-silane-resin (group 4). Biaxial flexural strength of discs was tested after water storage. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA .
Results: The mean flexural strength of specimens in group 1 (134.49±12.60), 2 (94.81±15.41), 3 (89.20±16.22) and 4 (80.67±12.01) were measured. Group 1 (not indented) revealed significantly higher strength (P<0.001) than that of indented groups (2, 3 and 4) . There was no significant difference between group 2 (no treatment) and 3 or 4 (treated) and between treatment methods (3 and 4) (P=0.136).
Conclusion: The strength of porcelains is dependent on presence of cracks. With the limitations of this study, none of the treatment methods could strengthen the cracked ceramic.
Shamsolmoulouk Najafi, Reza Yazdani, Behzad Salari, Homa Forouhesh Tehrani, Mohammad Javad Kharrazi Fard,
Volume 29, Issue 2 (11-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate against candida albicans, the main infectious factor of denture stomatitis, and to compare it with other common anti-candida medications.
Materials and Methods: Three concentrations of Candida albicans (105, 106, 107 CFU/mL) were prepared. Experimental substances were 5% sodium bicarbonate, nystatin, chlorhexidine, and sterile saline (as control). Each of them was added separately to the same amounts of Candida albicans of different concentrations, and sampled at the intervals of 1, 2, 3 and 4 min. Then, the samples were cultured and incubated. The number of formed colonies was counted for each plate. The data were analyzed, using ANOVA and Tukey test.
Results: Sodium bicarbonate showed a noticeable anti-candida effect on the concentrations of 105 and 106 CFU/mL, with almost similar anti-candida effect as nystatin and chlorehexidine(P=0.29, P=0.32). Nystatin was the most effective medication on the concentration of 107 CFU/mL of candida (P=0.03, P=0.01). Sodium bicarbonate and chlorhexidine were less effective in this concentration with no statistically significant difference (P=1.00).
Conclusion: Sodium bicarbonate showed a significant anti-candida effect at low and medium concentrations of Candida albicans, but nystatin was more effective in the higher concentrations.
Abbas Rahimi Foroushani, Nooshin Akbari Sharak, Mohamad Javad Kharazi Fard,
Volume 30, Issue 2 (8-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aims: In recent years, dental implants have received special attention in dentistry. Due to the remarkable success of predictable dental implants, there is growing interests in the scientific community from descriptions of implant success toward identify factors associated with implant failure. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with implant failure in an objective and statistically valid manner.
Materials and Methods: To address the research purposes, we used a cohort study in which a total of 2368 implants were placed on 1011 patient in the Clinic of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The predictor variables included demographic variables, the health status and variables are related to implants. The outcome variable of interest was implant failure. The overall implant survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. First, risk factors were identified using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test and then the Cox proportional hazard regression models were used for more analysis.
Results: The overall 39 month implant survival using the Kaplan-Meier function was 0.99±0.002. The implant location (jaws) (P=0.049) and type of teeth (P=0.011) were found to have significant relation with failure times in Cox proportional hazard model.
Conclusion: According to result of this study, both implant location and type of teeth had effection the failure times so that, the survival in mandible was higher than maxilla. The failure rate was higher in anterior teeth than that of others (molar, premolar, canine and primary).
Fereshteh Baghai Naini, Shiva Gandomi, Pouyan Aminishakib, Nazanin Mahdavi, Monir Moradzadeh, Mohamad Javad Kharazifard, Maedeh Ghorbanpour,
Volume 31, Issue 1 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aims: In 1978 WHO (World health organization) formulated a histopathological definition for diagnosis of OLP (oral lichen planus). Previous studies showed that diagnosis of OLP with these criteria are not reproducible. In 2003 Van der Meij et al. represented new clinical and histopathologic definition for diagnosis of OLP known as modified WHO criteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interobserver and intraobserver variability in the histopathological assessment of OLP based on the modified WHO criteria.
Materials and Methods: Fifty five microscopic slides which OLP and OLL (Oral Lichenoid Lesion) were recognized in their clinical differential diagnosis were given to 6 pathologists in two phases with 3 months interval. Each reviewing pathologist was asked to apply the modified WHO definition of OLP and to categorize each case as either OLP, or compatible with OLP. Then, the interobserver and intraobserver variability were assessed by calculation of repeatability coefficient and Kappa statistics.
Results: The results of this study demonstrated that interobserver variability based on modified WHO criteria was 0.77 (strong), while the intraobserver variability varied from 0.58 (moderate) to 0.82 (strong).
Conclusion: In the present study, the interobserver and intraobserver variability in the histopathologic assessment of OLP based on modified WHO criteria was stronger than previous studies which assessed WHO criteria. However, in order to propose the replacement of WHO criteria with modified WHO criteria, further studies with more cases and comparing the two methods is required.
Mehran Bahrami, Maryam Memarian, Hossein Tamaddon, Mohammad Javad Kharrzi Fard,
Volume 31, Issue 2 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The dentist's attire and appearance affects his/her relationships with the patients. It is also essential to sync the professional attire in dentistry with the habits and Islamic culture of Islamic Republic of Iran, meet the patients' desires, and pay attention to the infection-control-requirements as well.The objective of the present study was to determine the patients' viewpoints about the professional appearance of the dentists at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dental School in 1395-96.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 103 patients (54 females and 49 males) were studied. (=α0.05 and standard variation=4.5). The questionnaire were included color photographies of a female dentist and a male dentist dressed in different attires. The patients were asked to select the cleanest, and the most trustable, competent, and experienced dentist according to the 4 different attires. The frequencies and percentages of the participants’ answers to the questionaire were descriptively reported.
Results: All patients preferred dentists to use white coat during their treatment. For the male dentists, most patients (45.6%) favored simple hair model. For the female dentists, most patients (35.9%) considered veil as the more acceptable Hejaband, and 54.4% of them preferred light makeup.
Conclusion: All patients preferred their dentists to dress in the professional attire with a white coat. They believed that wearing formal-professional-dressing by the dentists may show them look cleaner, and more trustable, more competent, and experienced.
Farzaneh Mosavat, Hoorieh Bashizadeh Fakhar, Mohammad Javad Kharrazi Fard, Fatemeh Malekpour Estalaki,
Volume 32, Issue 2 (10-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Accurate diagnosis of vertical root fracture (VRF) is a fundamental importance in endodontics. Because of poor prognosis of VRF, digital radiographs with two horizontal angles have limitations in VRF detection. Also, Gutta-percha can produce artifacts that impair CBCT scan accuracy. The aim of this study was to compare accuracy of CBCT and digital radiography system in vertical root fracture in endodentically treated teeth.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 endodentically treated single teeth were selected and randomly coded. The teeth were divided into two groups: 30 with induced root fracture and 30 with no fracture. CBCT scan and digital radiographs with two horizontal angles with a difference of fifteen degrees for all teeth were performed. Two observers assessed the CBCT images and digital radiographies for presence of VRF. The statistical analysis used in this study was Weighted Kappa.
Results: CBCT had the highest sensivity (75.8) and specificity (90). Digital radiography with 68.3 sensitivity and 79.1 specificity were not as efficient as CBCT (P<0.05).
Conclusion: According to this study, the accuracy of CBCT seems to be higher than that of digital radiography in detecting VRF and provides the most reliable data in comparison of digital radiography.
Elnaz Moslehifard, Tahereh Ghaffari, Negin Farhangi,
Volume 33, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Different materials have been used to make dentures during different years. Teeth used in making dentures should have appropriate physical and mechanical features to meet the needs of masticatory functions, meanwhile having desired beauty. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of previous denture material and f its form and the duration of use in patients referring to the prosthesis department of Tabriz Dental School during 1385 to 1395.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on the basis of paraclinical examination on all cases of removable prostheses in patients referring to the department of prosthodontics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from 1385 to 1395. Based on the files, the percentage of frequency of previous denture type, previous denture tooth material, previous tooth form, previous time of denture using during the day and night were statistically evaluated by SPSS20 software.
Results: The results of this study showed that out of 471 patients, 151 people used removable dentures. A study of previous denture material showed that the frequency of using dentures containing resin teeth with 48.3% was much higher than porcelain teeth with 13.8. Examination of the dental form showed that in 13.8%, the dental form was with a cusp, in 48.3% without a cusp and in 37.9% the type and form of the teeth were not clear (P<0.01). Evaluations showed that 24.1% of patients used their dentures only during the day and 41.4% of patients used them overnight.
Conclusion: A 10-year study of patients with dentures at the Tabriz School of Dentistry documented the common use of resin teeth denture, as well as overnight use of them and the non-cusp form of denture teeth.
Afsaneh Pakdaman, Sholeh Ghabraei, Mohammad Javad Kharrazi Fard, Ali Saadatpoor Moghaddam,
Volume 34, Issue 0 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Supporting the preventive approach is important in training future dentists. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of senior dental students regarding non-invasive management of dental caries.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 using total sampling method and a valid and reliable questionnaire. Knowledge, attitude and self-reported practice of senior dental students regarding caries risk assessment (CRA) and management of lesions in two paper patients were assessed. The data analysis was performed using SPSS20 and the descriptive and analytical statistics were reported.
Results: In overall, 86 students (response rate=91%) were responded. In the knowledge section, caries history in the previous year, having frequent fermentable carbohydrate, xerostomia, and low socio-economic status were considered by more than half of students as factor for caries risk assessment. More than 90% of students had a positive attitude towards CRA in children. Nearly 50% of students tend to restore enamel lesions in proximal and occlusal surfaces in high-risk scenarios. There was significant association between the OHI instruction and debris index improvement (P=0.04) in the integrated comprehensive care clinic (TUMS). The linear regression analysis showed that there was no significant association between the demographic characteristics, place of education, previous course on the level of knowledge and attitude.
Conclusion: Senior dental students despite their general knowledge and positive attitude toward caries risk assessment, tended to aggressively manage the incipient lesions in the enamel and DEJ. Delivering prevention as integrated in the comprehensive care unit in order to improve oral hygiene status of patients is recommended.
Maryam Mohammadi Nodeh, Majid Beshkar, Mohammad Javad Kharazi Fard,
Volume 34, Issue 0 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Fractures of the facial bones and jawbones could cause functional problems along with social and cosmetic problems. Various factors (including road accidents, assault, falling from height, sport injuries, and getting hit by a hard object) could cause these fractures. Collecting and reporting accurate epidemiologic data regarding the facial fractures are major steps toward planning preventive measures. The aim of this study was to collect the epidemiologic data regarding maxillofacial fractures in two referral centers (Shariati and Sina hospitals) in the city of Tehran.
Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional retrospective investigation. All the necessary data were collected from the patients’ files and analyzed using SPSS 25.
Results: The present study pursued data of 454 trauma admitted patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery wards of Shariati and Sina hospitals in 1397 and 1398. These data showed that a number of 374 patients of all patients were men and the other 80 were women. The ratio of male patients to female patients was 4.5:1. In 290 of cases (64%), the fractures occurred as combined fractures and in 164 cases (36%), the fractures occurred as single fracture. These fractures happened mostly in the mandibular bone and in mandibular body, and the least of these fractures happened in Orbit. This study showed that there was a significant relation (with 95% confidence level) between the mandibular body fractures and mandibular angle fractures. This study also showed that there was another significant relation (with 95% confidence level) between the mandibular angle fractures and LeFort 2 fractures. In addition, this study also showed (by using k2 exam) a relation between the etiology of trauma and the number of fractures.
Conclusion: This present study showed that the maxillofacial fractures happened mostly in men much more than women. If we put motorcycle accidents and car accidents in a group together called road accidents, the most common etiology of maxillofacial fractures is road accidents. The results showed that the most fractures happened in the age range of 15-25 year old.
Sara Ghadimi, Bahman Seraj, , Mohammad Javad Kharazi Fard, Masoud Kiani, Marzieh Salehi Shahrabi,
Volume 35, Issue 0 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Selecting the appropriate education evaluation method and the effects of this choice according to different fields of medical sciences, is one of the current priorities of medical education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a checklist for evaluating the practical skills of dental students and to get compared with the global ranking method.
Materials and Methods: A checklist was developed for the assessment of clinical skills of the practical pediatric course according to an action research method. 32 students were evaluated by the checklist method and 32 students were evaluated by the conventional global rating method (sampling was based on available sample). Faculty staff and students’ satisfaction regarding the two methods were reported by a 6-scaled measure and statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. The students' scores by the two methods were subjected to paired t test for comparison.
Results: The students were more satisfied with the checklist method (P=0.003). The faculty staff considered a greater ability of the checklist method to differentiate between the students (P=0.03). However, in terms of ease of use and suitability, most faculty staff preferred the traditional method (P=0.02). In other cases, there were no significant differences in the views of students and faculty staff towards the two methods.
Conclusion: In the present study, both Checklist and global rating methods were valuable for evaluation, although due to the greater satisfaction of students and faculty staff with the developed checklist method, the possibility of identifying the weak points leading to decreased scores and better assessment of capabilities, this checklist can be used for evaluation instead.
Hosnie Yusefi Fakhr, Yadollah Soleimani Shayesteh, Afshin Khorsand, Mehrdad Panjnoush, Mohammad Javad Kharazi Fard, Mohadeseh Heidari,
Volume 35, Issue 0 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: According to the importance of primary stability on dental implant success and osseointegration, we intend to check and compare the stability and crestal bone loss rate between osteotomy technique and conventional implant insertion techniques.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 26 implants in anterior segment of maxilla in 13 patients were evaluated. The implants were TBR system (Toulouse, France) with 3.5 diameter and 10.5-12 mm length. The implant stability level was recorded immediately after surgery and 3 months later with Ostell mentor. The periapical radiography was taken immediately after surgery, 3 and 6 months to assess crestal bone resorption. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed Rank test used for data analysis.
Results: There were no statistically differences between the two treatments techniques in terms of stability (P>0.05). The mean crestal resorption was higher for the osteotomy technique 3 months after implant insertion (P<0.001) but there were no significant differences after 6 months (P=0.678).
Conclusion: Within the limitations of the current study, it can be concluded that the osteotomy it can be considered as a treatment technique in insufficient bone width.
Seyyed Peyman Shariatpanahi, Pouya Jamshidi, Maryam Sadeghipour Roudsari, Mohammad Hosein Khoshnevisan, Mahshid Namdari, Baharan Arshadi Fard, Sarvin Soleimanpoor,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Nowadays, the requirement of any policy-making at the national and regional level is to know the level of knowledge of people about oral health and ways to prevent dental caries. This study examined the habits, actions and economic level of elementary school students in Qazvin city in 2017-2018. Also, the effects of peer group social network on behaviors related to oral health and obesity was investigated in order to find the way for interventions making it more effective in this social group.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 145 students participated. They were in the 3nd and 6th grades of elementary school in the academic year of 2017-2018. The questionnaire used in this study had 20 questions and 4 main sections. The main parts of this questionnaire included demographic characteristics, behavior and habits related to oral health, oral health knowledge of students and families, and socio-economic status. Data were collected through clinical examinations and through valid questionnaires and evaluated using SPSS and Excel software.
Results: According to the results of Pearson's correlation analysis, a significant correlation was observed between the health knowledge scores of individuals and their friends between both groups of casual and close friends (P<0.01). The correlation between the knowledge of individuals and close friends was significantly stronger (P<0.01). Also, there was a significant relationship between socio-economic status and behaviors related to oral health (P<0.05). There was also a significant positive relationship between the number of times close friends brushing their teeth in a social network (P<0.001). This connection was not observed in the friends’ network.
Conclusion: This study determined that close friends can be effective in determining the oral hygiene behaviors of elementary school students. |
Reza Eftekhar Ashtiani, Yasgol Kalbasi, Mojtaba Hamidi-Fard, Elaheh Beyabanaki,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Despite documentation on the antiviral effects of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and nano-silver colloid (Ag) on herpes simplex virus type 1, the synergistic effect of these two materials at different concentrations is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral effect of various concentration combinations of cetylpyridinium chloride and nano-silver colloid on herpes simplex virus type 1.
Materials and Methods: This laboratory study conducted at the molecular virology department of Iran Pasteur Institute in the year 1400. After testing the cytotoxicity of different concentrations of CPC and Ag, the disinfecting effect of safe concentrations of each substance individually and also in the form of three compounds, was examined on the cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. The study groups included groups 1 to 6 with 0.01 µg/ml to 1000 µg/ml of Ag, groups 7 to 12 with 0.1 µg/ml to 10000 µg/ml of CPC, and combination groups of Ag 10 µg/ml + CPC 10 µg/ml (G13), Ag 10 µg/ml + CPC 1 µg/ml (G14), and Ag 1 µg/ml + CPC 10 µg/ml (G15). Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Games-Howell and Tukey HSD pair comparison tests at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Based on the MTT test and the cell viability exposed to herpes simplex virus type 1, the highest number of living cells belonged to the 10 µg/ml Ag group, followed by 10 µg/ml CPC, 10 µg/ml Ag + 10 µg/ml CPC, 1 µg/ml Ag + 10 µg/ml CPC, and 10 µg/ml Ag + 1 µg/ml CPC groups. In terms of antiviral effect, there was a significant difference between group 1 and groups 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10 (P<0.001), between groups 2 and 3 (P=0.40), between groups 2 and 4 (P=0.041), between group 2 and groups 5 and 6 (P=0.035), between group 7 and groups 10, 11, and 12 (P<0.001), between group 8 and groups 10, 11, and 12 (P<0.001), and between group 9 and groups 10, 11, and 12 (P<0.001). Among combination groups, the most antiviral effect and the least cell toxicity was found in the 10 µg/ml Ag + 10 µg/ml CPC group, while the least antiviral effect was observed in the Ag 10 µg/ml + CPC 1 µg/ml group.
Conclusion: The highest cell viability rate belonged to the 10 µg/ml Ag group, followed by the 10 µg/ml CPC group, and their combination resulted in a reduction of its effect in this area. The antiviral effect of these materials individually was greater than in their combined state. Additionally , the most antiviral effect and the least cell toxicity was found in the 10 µg/ml Ag + 10 µg/ml CPC group among the combination groups.
Niki , Meysam Mirzaie, Farida Abei, Shervin Masoudi Khalajifard, Hemmat Gholinia,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Dental crowding is considered a significant factor in the development of malocclusion. Identifying the factors contributing to its formation aids in selecting appropriate treatment strategies and achieving stable post-treatment results. Since the relationship between jaw base length and this factor remains unclear, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between the jaw base length and dental crowding in individuals with different skeletal patterns in the sagittal dimensio in north of Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 42 individuals from each skeletal class (I, II, and III) were enrolled based on crowding of >4 mm and ≤4 mm, selected through census from all patients referred to the Orthodontic Department of Babol Dental School (Iran) between 2011 and 2025. These samples were examined for the association between jaw base length in each skeletal classification and dental crowding. Lateral cephalograms from before treatment were used to measure the jaw base length. T-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc tests were employed to examine the desired associations, with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: A total of 126 patients (64.3% female) were evaluated. The relationship between jaw base length and crowding was not significant with respect to age, but it was reported as significant in females in the mandible (P=0.024). The present study indicated that the length of the maxillary and mandibular bases in the entire sample did not show a direct and significant correlation with the degree of dental crowding. However, subgroup analysis based on skeletal classes revealed significant differences in maxillary and mandibular base lengths between skeletal classes I, II, and III at both crowding levels (≤4 mm and >4 mm) (P=0.008, 0.011, and P<0.001, respectively). In the mandible, class III had the greatest length and class II had the shortest. In the maxilla, class III had the shortest length and class II had the greatest.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that sagittal skeletal patterns play a significant role in the dimensional changes of the jaws. Furthermore, in classes I and III, examining the mandibular base length is more important, as its reduction may be associated with more severe crowding. The maxillary and mandibular base lengths in the entire sample did not exhibit a direct and significant correlation with the severity of dental crowding. These variables were not significant with respect to age but were reported as significant in females in the mandible. Therefore, a single anatomical index like base length cannot solely predict the severity of crowding.
