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Rezvan Arian, Namazi, Hanieh Nojedehian, Farhood Najafi, Zahra Yadegari, Roxana Karbaschi, Maryam Torshabi, Sarvin Soleimanpoor,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Using fissure sealant is one of the most effective methods of preventing pit and fissure decay. Fluoride has been added to various materials as a known anti-caries agent. Fluorinated graphene (FG) has gained attention due to its unique properties. The specific structural characteristics of graphene fillers, besides having antibacterial properties by increasing the rate of fluoride release and charge and neutralizing the acidic pH of the environment, is a suitable option in many treatments. This study investigated the effect of addition of fluorinated graphene nanoparticles on the fluoride release in Fissurit®, a commercial fissure sealant.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, fluorinated graphene oxide (FGO) with bright white color was prepared. After synthesis, 0, 1, 2 and 4 by weight percent were added to the fissure sealant (Fissurit®). Then, the release of fluoride in this material was measured and compared with the commercial fissure sealant containing fluoride (Fissurit®).
Results: According to the obtained results, the amount of fluoride released from groups with different percentages of FGO had a direct relationship with the percentage of FGO addition. Also, at different times, there was a significant difference between the groups with FGO and the control group without FGO (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Addition of FGO to the fluorinated fissure sealant caused the release of fluoride and the possibility of recharging it. The power of releasing fluoride and its recharging in fissure sealant with FGO was higher than the fluorinated fissure sealant, but its fluoride was discharged at a faster rate.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, fluorinated graphene oxide (FGO) with bright white color was prepared. After synthesis, 0, 1, 2 and 4 by weight percent were added to the fissure sealant (Fissurit®). Then, the release of fluoride in this material was measured and compared with the commercial fissure sealant containing fluoride (Fissurit®).
Results: According to the obtained results, the amount of fluoride released from groups with different percentages of FGO had a direct relationship with the percentage of FGO addition. Also, at different times, there was a significant difference between the groups with FGO and the control group without FGO (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Addition of FGO to the fluorinated fissure sealant caused the release of fluoride and the possibility of recharging it. The power of releasing fluoride and its recharging in fissure sealant with FGO was higher than the fluorinated fissure sealant, but its fluoride was discharged at a faster rate.
Neda Omidpanah, Mohammad Esmi, Farzan Soltani,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease. Oral manifestations in these patients include paralysis or spasm of facial muscles, temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ), trigeminal neuralgia, dysphagia, or dysarthria. The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of orofacial pain in patients with MS.
Materials and Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 patients with a definite diagnosis of MS referred to Iran MS Association and Iran MS Research Center. The patients were in the age group of 17 to 57 years and were selected completely randomly. Data were obtained based on two checklists and clinical examination. Finally, DC/TMD criterion was used to check TMD problems. Then the data was analyzed by SPSS version 26 software and by Fisher's Test.
Results: The prevalence of MS disease was higher in women and the average age of patients was 37 years and the average duration of MS disease among patients was 8 years. The most common pain was related to shooting and shock-like pain with a frequency of 40.4% and the lowest quality was related to dull and diffuse pain with a frequency of 5.3%. In total, 24.5% of patients with buccal-oral pain had TMD, and in this case, the DC/TMD criterion was used.
Conclusion: Temporomandibular disorders and shooting and shock-like pains are usually observed in a number of patients with MS. As a result, dentists should be aware of the presence of these pains in the patient, the pain trigger, and the drugs used by the patients, in order to provide medical services and being aware of drug interactions.
Materials and Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 patients with a definite diagnosis of MS referred to Iran MS Association and Iran MS Research Center. The patients were in the age group of 17 to 57 years and were selected completely randomly. Data were obtained based on two checklists and clinical examination. Finally, DC/TMD criterion was used to check TMD problems. Then the data was analyzed by SPSS version 26 software and by Fisher's Test.
Results: The prevalence of MS disease was higher in women and the average age of patients was 37 years and the average duration of MS disease among patients was 8 years. The most common pain was related to shooting and shock-like pain with a frequency of 40.4% and the lowest quality was related to dull and diffuse pain with a frequency of 5.3%. In total, 24.5% of patients with buccal-oral pain had TMD, and in this case, the DC/TMD criterion was used.
Conclusion: Temporomandibular disorders and shooting and shock-like pains are usually observed in a number of patients with MS. As a result, dentists should be aware of the presence of these pains in the patient, the pain trigger, and the drugs used by the patients, in order to provide medical services and being aware of drug interactions.
Mehdi Rahjoo, Bahareh Tahani,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: One of the most important consequences of the rapid growth of urbanization has been the unequal distribution of urban service specially health care services and escalation of social inequality of citizens. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of dental centers in Isfahan from the perspective of spatial equity.
Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 in Isfahan city. The required data including the population of the fifteen districts of Isfahan city, the data of the geographic municipal areas and the dental centers of Isfahan city were put into Excell. The population data were gathered from the statistical yearbook of population and housing. The dentists’ data were gathered from the Medical Council. Addresses of the dental centers were fed into the Google earth and were found on the traffic map of Isfahan. Using the Arc GIS 10.8 software and based on the Geographic Information System concepts, the spatial justice was analyzed. Moran's autocorrelation index was used to determine the distribution pattern (cluster, scattered, random). Hot spot analysis and nearest neighbor distance (centers in this radius would have more access) were used. Access ratios were analyzed using the ratio of population to the distance of each parcel to the dental centers and then were categorized as privileged to, semi and unprivileged.
Results: Z-score of Moran test was more than the expected score of 2.58 at 0.01 level of significant, indicating the cluster pattern of dental settings distribution in Isfahan. Moran's index (0.076) was much more than the expected equity coefficient (-0.000055), indicating again the cluster pattern of distribution which was not favorable in terms of spatial justice. The nearest neighbor distance analysis indicated that by moving from the center of the city to the outskirts of the city, access to dental centers decreased. Access analysis determined that privilege areas of the city were located mostly in central municipal areas and about 60% of these areas were limited to three municipal regions. Also, about 63% of the city area were categorized as unprivileged.
Conclusion: Distribution of dental centers in the city of Isfahan is not an equal distribution and the dental settings are mostly concentrated in the central areas of the city, not necessarily in high populated areas. There, this pattern necessitates the proper planning to establish dental settings in deprived and high-populated parts of the city.
Ahmadreza Mohammadi, Malihe Safari, Maneli Houshyar, Maryam Mohebiniya,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Idiopathic osteosclerosis is an asymptomatic local growth of cortical bone and is discovered incidentally on panoramic radiographs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency of idiopathic osteosclerosis and its radiographic features in panoramic images of patients referred to the Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences (Iran) in 2022-2023.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 460 panoramic images from the radiology department of Arak Faculty of Dentistry were randomly selected and analyzed. The demographic information of patients, frequency of idiopathic osteosclerosis, location, and also its relationship with adjacent teeth in terms of proximity to lamina dura and periodontal ligament and radiographic features in terms of size and morphology were evaluated. The data were analyzed using the SPSS24 software.
Results: Panoramic images of 460 patients (266 men and 194 women) with an average age of 38.12 (11.75) years were evaluated. The frequency of idiopathic osteosclerosis was 6.1% (28 images). 92.9% of the lesions were in the lower jaw and 46.4% of them were near the premolar teeth. In 39.3% of the cases, the lesion was adjacent to the periodontal ligament and laminadora of the tooth. In 3.6% of the cases, it was associated with a small displacement of the adjacent tooth, and 17.9% was associated with tooth root resorption. According to the results, there was no correlation between the incidence of this lesion with age and gender (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the frequency of idiopathic osteosclerosis in the patients referred to Arak dental school was reported as 6.1%. Most of these lesions were observed in the back of the lower jaw and thus, it is important to be able to distinguish this lesion from the radiopaque lesions of the jaw which need treatment.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 460 panoramic images from the radiology department of Arak Faculty of Dentistry were randomly selected and analyzed. The demographic information of patients, frequency of idiopathic osteosclerosis, location, and also its relationship with adjacent teeth in terms of proximity to lamina dura and periodontal ligament and radiographic features in terms of size and morphology were evaluated. The data were analyzed using the SPSS24 software.
Results: Panoramic images of 460 patients (266 men and 194 women) with an average age of 38.12 (11.75) years were evaluated. The frequency of idiopathic osteosclerosis was 6.1% (28 images). 92.9% of the lesions were in the lower jaw and 46.4% of them were near the premolar teeth. In 39.3% of the cases, the lesion was adjacent to the periodontal ligament and laminadora of the tooth. In 3.6% of the cases, it was associated with a small displacement of the adjacent tooth, and 17.9% was associated with tooth root resorption. According to the results, there was no correlation between the incidence of this lesion with age and gender (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the frequency of idiopathic osteosclerosis in the patients referred to Arak dental school was reported as 6.1%. Most of these lesions were observed in the back of the lower jaw and thus, it is important to be able to distinguish this lesion from the radiopaque lesions of the jaw which need treatment.
Elahe Soltanmohamadi Borujeni, Ali Bavi, Mohammad Aghaali, Ali Saleh, Aida Mehdipour,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Strong bond between the ceramic brackets and ceramic veneers has an important role in cosmetic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aging on the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic brackets bonded to zirconia after surface preparation by Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: YAG) laser or sandblasting with alumina.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 24 zirconia blocks and these blocks were randomly divided into two groups for surface preparation and each was sub-divided into three time intervals. Surface preparation was done by sandblasting with alumina: in SG1 (Immediately after sandblasting), SG2 (2 weeks after sandblasting), and SG3 (3 months after sandblasting) groups. For the Nd: YAG laser (1/5W, 20Hz, 10s) with non-contact mode: in LG4 (Immediately after laser), LG5 (2 weeks after laser), and LG6 (3 months after laser) groups. The ceramic brackets were bonded to the zirconia blocks. The SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were evaluated and compared among test groups. Dara were analyzed using Mann Whitney test.
Results: There was no significant difference between the SBS of SG1 and LG4 (P=0.430), SG2 and LG5 (P=0.382) and SG3 and LG6 (P=0.326) groups. LG4 group showed the highest shear bond strength. After aging (2 weeks and 3 months), the laser groups showed higher SBS. There was no significant difference in the ARI between SG1 and LG4 (P=0.220), SG2 and LG5 (P=0.154), SG3 and LG6 (P=0.527) groups.
Conclusion: No significant difference was observed between the Nd: YAG laser and sandblasted groups in terms of SBS and ARI over time. Therefore, Nd: YAG laser could be used as a surface treamnet method in Zirconia crowns for bonding to ceramic brackets.
Hadi Ghasemi, Arezoo Ebnahmadi, Shahideh Nadi,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Emotional intelligence helps dental students better manage stress and establish effective communication with patients, while self-efficacy strengthens their confidence in performing clinical tasks and acquiring professional skills. The connection between these two factors leads to improved academic and professional performance. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and academic success among dental students.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 55 dental students from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences - Iran, selected by convenient sampling. To measure academic self-efficacy beliefs, the Sherer questionnaire was used, which consisted of 17 questions with a theoretical score range of 17-85. To measure emotional intelligence, the Bar-On questionnaire was used, consisting of 90 questions with a theoretical score range of 90-450. Academic achievement was assessed using the students' grade point average (GPA). Additionally, gender, living at home or in a dormitory, and parental education levels were considered as background variables. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: Among the 55 students who participated in this study, including 30 women and 25 men, the average emotional intelligence score was 84.85, the average self-efficacy score was 62.02, and the average GPA was 16.42. There was a significant difference in the emotional intelligence scores based on gender and living situation, with male students scoring higher than female students and dormitory residents scoring higher than those living at home (P=0.02). There was no significant difference in the self-efficacy scores and GPA between males and females. Students whose mothers had higher levels of education and those living at home had higher GPAs (P<0.03). No statistically significant relationship was found between the academic success and emotional intelligence or self-efficacy (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that while emotional intelligence and self-efficacy may not directly influence academic success, other factors like living environment and parental education can play a role. Understanding these dynamics can help educators focus on holistic student development, addressing not just academic skills but also personal and social factors that contribute to student performance and well-being.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 55 dental students from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences - Iran, selected by convenient sampling. To measure academic self-efficacy beliefs, the Sherer questionnaire was used, which consisted of 17 questions with a theoretical score range of 17-85. To measure emotional intelligence, the Bar-On questionnaire was used, consisting of 90 questions with a theoretical score range of 90-450. Academic achievement was assessed using the students' grade point average (GPA). Additionally, gender, living at home or in a dormitory, and parental education levels were considered as background variables. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: Among the 55 students who participated in this study, including 30 women and 25 men, the average emotional intelligence score was 84.85, the average self-efficacy score was 62.02, and the average GPA was 16.42. There was a significant difference in the emotional intelligence scores based on gender and living situation, with male students scoring higher than female students and dormitory residents scoring higher than those living at home (P=0.02). There was no significant difference in the self-efficacy scores and GPA between males and females. Students whose mothers had higher levels of education and those living at home had higher GPAs (P<0.03). No statistically significant relationship was found between the academic success and emotional intelligence or self-efficacy (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that while emotional intelligence and self-efficacy may not directly influence academic success, other factors like living environment and parental education can play a role. Understanding these dynamics can help educators focus on holistic student development, addressing not just academic skills but also personal and social factors that contribute to student performance and well-being.
Afsaneh Ghorbani, Sedigheh Sheikhzadeh, Homayoun Alaghehmand, Valiollah Arash, Seyyed Ali Seyyed Majidi,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Ensuring the long-term stability of orthodontic treatments and preventing tooth relapse remains a significant challenge in orthodontics, often addressed through the extended use of retainers. Given the pivotal role of retainers' physical and mechanical properties in this regard, this study aimed to investigate the tensile strength, flexural strength, and deflection of three distinct types of fixed orthodontic retainers.
Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, each group comprised 12 samples of twisted, flat, and coaxial retainer wires, each measuring 8 mm in length. These samples were affixed onto the polyethylene blocks using cyanoacrylate adhesive and subsequently subjected to compressive loads using a universal testing machine. The maximum bending strength and deflection rate were recorded from stress-strain diagrams. To evaluate the tensile strength, the identical samples underwent tensile loading. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing SPSS software, employing analysis of variance tests to compare data between groups.
Results: Significant differences were observed in the bending strength (P=0.004), deflection (P<0.001), and tensile strength (P<0.001) among the investigated retainer wires. The flat retainer wire exhibited the highest bending strength, averaging 822.876±136.07 MPa, while the coaxial retainer wire showed the lowest, with an average of 673.65±73.35 MPa. Regarding deflection, the flat retainer wire displayed the highest average at 4.04±0.6 mm, surpassing the other two types of retainers. However, the tensile strength of the twisted retainer wires, averaging 699.7±83.46 MPa, exceeded that of both the flat and coaxial retainer wires.
Conclusion: The flat retainer wires demonstrated the highest bending and deflection strength, while the twisted retainer wires exhibited the highest tensile strength. Overall, the bending strength, deflection, and tensile strength of the 3-strand twisted and flat retainer wires outperformed those of the 5-strand coaxial retainer wires, increased flexural and tensile strengths imply a higher resistance of the wires to the forces induced by harder and more viscous foodstuffs.
Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, each group comprised 12 samples of twisted, flat, and coaxial retainer wires, each measuring 8 mm in length. These samples were affixed onto the polyethylene blocks using cyanoacrylate adhesive and subsequently subjected to compressive loads using a universal testing machine. The maximum bending strength and deflection rate were recorded from stress-strain diagrams. To evaluate the tensile strength, the identical samples underwent tensile loading. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing SPSS software, employing analysis of variance tests to compare data between groups.
Results: Significant differences were observed in the bending strength (P=0.004), deflection (P<0.001), and tensile strength (P<0.001) among the investigated retainer wires. The flat retainer wire exhibited the highest bending strength, averaging 822.876±136.07 MPa, while the coaxial retainer wire showed the lowest, with an average of 673.65±73.35 MPa. Regarding deflection, the flat retainer wire displayed the highest average at 4.04±0.6 mm, surpassing the other two types of retainers. However, the tensile strength of the twisted retainer wires, averaging 699.7±83.46 MPa, exceeded that of both the flat and coaxial retainer wires.
Conclusion: The flat retainer wires demonstrated the highest bending and deflection strength, while the twisted retainer wires exhibited the highest tensile strength. Overall, the bending strength, deflection, and tensile strength of the 3-strand twisted and flat retainer wires outperformed those of the 5-strand coaxial retainer wires, increased flexural and tensile strengths imply a higher resistance of the wires to the forces induced by harder and more viscous foodstuffs.
Mohaddeseh Sadat Naghibi, Hamed Shahmir, Sajjad Omidian,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The present investigation was conducted on the evaluation of the microstructure, phase transformation behavior, mechanical properties, and fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium rotary endodontic files. The main purpose of this investigation was to find the effect of microstructural parameters on the performance of these files.
Materials and Methods: Three rotary tools with brand names Denco, Edgeendo, and Eighteeth were studied. To evaluate the microstructure and transformation behavior of tools, metallography, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry methods were used. The bending test was used to check the behavior of superelasticity and memory and the microhardness test was used to evaluate the hardness of the samples. Also, cyclic fatigue behavior in a mold containing a simulated tooth canal was investigated and calculated by parametric statistical analysis. The fracture surface of the samples was also studied by scanning electron microscope.
Results: Analyses revealed the existence of a high volume fraction of R phase in the microstructure of the Edgeendo file. Rotary files with higher volume fraction of martensitic phase showed higher shape memory effect and fatigue resistance. Denco and Edgeendo rotary files with better surface quality and high volume fraction of martensitic phases in the microstructure showed better fatigue resistance compared with the Eighteeth file. In all the results, the P-value was less than 0.05.
Conclusion: Multiphase microstructure containing austenite and martensite together with appropriate phase transformation and hardness of the alloy have key roles on functional properties of rotary files. This study provides dentists with a deeper understanding of the fatigue behavior and mechanical properties of these files, enabling them to make more informed decisions in choosing the appropriate instruments for endodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods: Three rotary tools with brand names Denco, Edgeendo, and Eighteeth were studied. To evaluate the microstructure and transformation behavior of tools, metallography, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry methods were used. The bending test was used to check the behavior of superelasticity and memory and the microhardness test was used to evaluate the hardness of the samples. Also, cyclic fatigue behavior in a mold containing a simulated tooth canal was investigated and calculated by parametric statistical analysis. The fracture surface of the samples was also studied by scanning electron microscope.
Results: Analyses revealed the existence of a high volume fraction of R phase in the microstructure of the Edgeendo file. Rotary files with higher volume fraction of martensitic phase showed higher shape memory effect and fatigue resistance. Denco and Edgeendo rotary files with better surface quality and high volume fraction of martensitic phases in the microstructure showed better fatigue resistance compared with the Eighteeth file. In all the results, the P-value was less than 0.05.
Conclusion: Multiphase microstructure containing austenite and martensite together with appropriate phase transformation and hardness of the alloy have key roles on functional properties of rotary files. This study provides dentists with a deeper understanding of the fatigue behavior and mechanical properties of these files, enabling them to make more informed decisions in choosing the appropriate instruments for endodontic treatment.
Negar Kamali, Farimah Sardari, Mostafa Sadeghi,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The quality of sleep plays a significant role in the academic performance of dental students, especially in the clinical years. Identifying and treating students at risk of sleep disorders can reduce or limit the drop in academic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the sleep quality and educational performance of Rafsanjan dental Student-Iran.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted among all dental students in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences - Iran. This study was presented to all dental students in Rafsanjan by online questionnaire method on Pressline website. The questionnaire included demographic information and student number along with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Standard Questionnaire. The Pittsburgh Questionnaire examines the quality of sleep in the range of 0 to 21. The link of the questionnaire was made available to the students through Telegram, and the GPA of the total students was obtained by using the student number from the Vice-Chancellor of University Education. The data were analyzed with SPSS26 software. First, the data were analyzed with Smironov's kermograph test. The results of this test showed that the data distribution is not normal (P<0.05). Due to the non-normality of the data distribution, non-parametric tests such as K-score, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman were used.
Results: 151 students participated in the questionnaire of which, 73 were men (48.3%) and 78 were women (51.7%). The mean and standard deviation of the age of the subjects studied was 22.11±2.3 years. The overall average sleep quality score of dental students was equal to 8.13, which according to the questionnaire, students experience poor sleep quality. 86.1% of students had poor sleep quality. Examining the correlation between the sleep quality and academic performance showed that there was no significant relationship between them. Sleep quality had no significant relationship with gender, marital status, place of residence, and entry year (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that majority of dental students in Rafsanjan had low sleep quality. Although, there was no relationship between the quality of sleep and academic performance, it seems necessary to pay attention to the sleep status of these students in order to improve their sleep quality, which is an important factor in improving their health by administrators and Rizan health program.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted among all dental students in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences - Iran. This study was presented to all dental students in Rafsanjan by online questionnaire method on Pressline website. The questionnaire included demographic information and student number along with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Standard Questionnaire. The Pittsburgh Questionnaire examines the quality of sleep in the range of 0 to 21. The link of the questionnaire was made available to the students through Telegram, and the GPA of the total students was obtained by using the student number from the Vice-Chancellor of University Education. The data were analyzed with SPSS26 software. First, the data were analyzed with Smironov's kermograph test. The results of this test showed that the data distribution is not normal (P<0.05). Due to the non-normality of the data distribution, non-parametric tests such as K-score, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman were used.
Results: 151 students participated in the questionnaire of which, 73 were men (48.3%) and 78 were women (51.7%). The mean and standard deviation of the age of the subjects studied was 22.11±2.3 years. The overall average sleep quality score of dental students was equal to 8.13, which according to the questionnaire, students experience poor sleep quality. 86.1% of students had poor sleep quality. Examining the correlation between the sleep quality and academic performance showed that there was no significant relationship between them. Sleep quality had no significant relationship with gender, marital status, place of residence, and entry year (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that majority of dental students in Rafsanjan had low sleep quality. Although, there was no relationship between the quality of sleep and academic performance, it seems necessary to pay attention to the sleep status of these students in order to improve their sleep quality, which is an important factor in improving their health by administrators and Rizan health program.
Mohammad Hassan Samandari, Abbas Haghighat, Hasti Sarabikia, Maryam Barati, Elham-Sadat Binandeh,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Due to their professional nature, dentists and nurses are in close proximity with patients and the droplets of infected patients can increase the risk of cross-transmission and viral diseases, especially COVID-19. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of anxiety and awareness of the final two-year nursing and dental students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences regarding COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study examined all the students studying in the last two years of dentistry and nursing, Beck Anxiety Inventory and online awareness questionnaire available to students were placed. The variables of this research included year of study, major, anxiety, and awareness. After collecting data using chi-square test and frequency distribution tables, the results were analysed using SPSS software version 23 and at an error level of 0.05.
Results: 429 students participated in the study, most of them were nursing students (58.7%) and the highest frequency of students was from the entry year of 2018 (29.6%). The average anxiety of nursing students in 2017 entry was 31.12 at severe level and in 2018 entry was 28.53 at moderate level. The average anxiety of dental students in 2015 entry was 33.93 at severe level and in 2016 entry was 36.65 at severe level. Also, the level of knowledge of nursing students was higher than that of dental students in most of the examined questions about corona virus and a significant difference was observed between students (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The level of awareness of nursing students was higher than that of dental students, and the level of anxiety in dental students was high. Recognizing the limitations of this cross-sectional study, itcan be concluded that only a small number of dental students had good knowledge about COVID-19. Students who had a higher year of education gave more correct answers. It is important to strengthen the knowledge about biosafety during the professional training of dental students in order to reduce the risks of contamination and cross-infection during patient care. It would be necessary to hold training courses to increase the level of awareness and to reduce students' anxiety.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study examined all the students studying in the last two years of dentistry and nursing, Beck Anxiety Inventory and online awareness questionnaire available to students were placed. The variables of this research included year of study, major, anxiety, and awareness. After collecting data using chi-square test and frequency distribution tables, the results were analysed using SPSS software version 23 and at an error level of 0.05.
Results: 429 students participated in the study, most of them were nursing students (58.7%) and the highest frequency of students was from the entry year of 2018 (29.6%). The average anxiety of nursing students in 2017 entry was 31.12 at severe level and in 2018 entry was 28.53 at moderate level. The average anxiety of dental students in 2015 entry was 33.93 at severe level and in 2016 entry was 36.65 at severe level. Also, the level of knowledge of nursing students was higher than that of dental students in most of the examined questions about corona virus and a significant difference was observed between students (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The level of awareness of nursing students was higher than that of dental students, and the level of anxiety in dental students was high. Recognizing the limitations of this cross-sectional study, itcan be concluded that only a small number of dental students had good knowledge about COVID-19. Students who had a higher year of education gave more correct answers. It is important to strengthen the knowledge about biosafety during the professional training of dental students in order to reduce the risks of contamination and cross-infection during patient care. It would be necessary to hold training courses to increase the level of awareness and to reduce students' anxiety.
Maryam Rabiei, Dr Ideh Dadgaran, Ahmad Almoussavi, Saba Masoudirad, Sahba Khosousisani,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Educational planning is one of the main areas of education and training, which plays an essential role in the optimal training of human resources. The aim of this study was to compare the educational program (curriculum) of general dentistry in Iran with that of several prestigious dental schools in the Middle East countries.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive comparative study using the dental education curricula of six prominent countries in the Middle East in the field of dental sciences. Their selection was based on similarities and common cultural, economic and social characteristics. After collecting the selected curriculums, four steps including description, interpretation, juxtaposition and comparison were done. Tables were drawn based on goals such as the number of years of education, mission, general goals, and the role of graduates in the medical system of that country.
Results: The educational curriculum of the countries reviewed in the Middle East have many similarities in terms of the number of years of study in the field of dentistry, the general mission and goals, and the role of students in the medical system of that country. The main differences were in the number and type of teaching units in the curriculum of this countries. The method of teaching and the distribution of topics in the curricula of the countries differentiated them from each other. According to the results of this study, the curriculum of the countries of Iran, Saudi Arabia and the UAE were the most similar among the countries of the Middle East. The teaching method and distribution of topics in the curricula of countries distinguished them from each other.
Conclusion: Countries that are based on Russian language education have a shorter number of years of education and are similar to Russia. However, countries with an American educational base such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and even Iran have a longer academic years and more general similarities in educational content.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive comparative study using the dental education curricula of six prominent countries in the Middle East in the field of dental sciences. Their selection was based on similarities and common cultural, economic and social characteristics. After collecting the selected curriculums, four steps including description, interpretation, juxtaposition and comparison were done. Tables were drawn based on goals such as the number of years of education, mission, general goals, and the role of graduates in the medical system of that country.
Results: The educational curriculum of the countries reviewed in the Middle East have many similarities in terms of the number of years of study in the field of dentistry, the general mission and goals, and the role of students in the medical system of that country. The main differences were in the number and type of teaching units in the curriculum of this countries. The method of teaching and the distribution of topics in the curricula of the countries differentiated them from each other. According to the results of this study, the curriculum of the countries of Iran, Saudi Arabia and the UAE were the most similar among the countries of the Middle East. The teaching method and distribution of topics in the curricula of countries distinguished them from each other.
Conclusion: Countries that are based on Russian language education have a shorter number of years of education and are similar to Russia. However, countries with an American educational base such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and even Iran have a longer academic years and more general similarities in educational content.
Mostafa Sadeghi, Niloufar Jafari, Mohammadhossein Kafi, Ali Rostami,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The development and regular use of adhesive systems has started to revolutionize many aspects of restorative and preventive dentistry. The success of adhesive restorations highly depends on correct application of them. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the knowledge of dentists in Rafsanjan city (Iran) in choosing correct dental adhesive systems in 2023.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, all dentists working in Rafsanjan city were included. The data was collected by a valid and reliable electronic questionnaire, which included two parts of demographic information (gender, age, place of work and year of graduation) and the 12 multiple-choice questions aimed to assess respondents' knowledge regarding the selection of dental adhesive materials in combination with self-cure or dual-cure composites, anterior and posterior composite restorations, fiber posts, fissure sealants, primary teeth, anterior composite veneers, ceramic laminates, and non-carious cervical lesions. The scoring of this questionnaire was as follows: 0 to 3 correct answers = Low level of knowledge; 4 to 6 correct answers = Moderate level of knowledge; 7 to 9 correct answers = Good level of knowledge; 10 to 12 correct answers = Very good level of knowledge. The four answer choices included "etch-and-rinse (three-step)", "etch-and-rinse (two-step)", "self-etch (two-step)", and "self-etch (all-in-one bottle)". Then data were analyzed by parametric tests (ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson). The significant level was considered as P<0.05.
Results: Out of 91 dentists in Rafsanjan, 79 (86.8%) participated in the study, of which 35 (46.3%) were men. The average work experience was 3.49±3.96 years for men and 2.98±3.73 years for women. The average knowledge score was 4.38±2.16 out of 12 (4.29±2.23 in men and 4.45±2.12 in women). The results showed that there was no significant relationship between the knowledge score and the gender, age, work experience, and workplace (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results which indicated the insufficient knowledge of dentists in choosing correct dental adhesive systems, it is suggested to pay more attention on teaching in this field at the dental schools. For graduate dentists, new and practical information about the choice of adhesive systems should be provided by continuous education programs.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, all dentists working in Rafsanjan city were included. The data was collected by a valid and reliable electronic questionnaire, which included two parts of demographic information (gender, age, place of work and year of graduation) and the 12 multiple-choice questions aimed to assess respondents' knowledge regarding the selection of dental adhesive materials in combination with self-cure or dual-cure composites, anterior and posterior composite restorations, fiber posts, fissure sealants, primary teeth, anterior composite veneers, ceramic laminates, and non-carious cervical lesions. The scoring of this questionnaire was as follows: 0 to 3 correct answers = Low level of knowledge; 4 to 6 correct answers = Moderate level of knowledge; 7 to 9 correct answers = Good level of knowledge; 10 to 12 correct answers = Very good level of knowledge. The four answer choices included "etch-and-rinse (three-step)", "etch-and-rinse (two-step)", "self-etch (two-step)", and "self-etch (all-in-one bottle)". Then data were analyzed by parametric tests (ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson). The significant level was considered as P<0.05.
Results: Out of 91 dentists in Rafsanjan, 79 (86.8%) participated in the study, of which 35 (46.3%) were men. The average work experience was 3.49±3.96 years for men and 2.98±3.73 years for women. The average knowledge score was 4.38±2.16 out of 12 (4.29±2.23 in men and 4.45±2.12 in women). The results showed that there was no significant relationship between the knowledge score and the gender, age, work experience, and workplace (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results which indicated the insufficient knowledge of dentists in choosing correct dental adhesive systems, it is suggested to pay more attention on teaching in this field at the dental schools. For graduate dentists, new and practical information about the choice of adhesive systems should be provided by continuous education programs.
Adele Nazari, Reza Faraji, Manouchehr Rahmati Kamel, Tanya Ghasemi, Hoda Shirafken,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Dentists’(specialists and general practitioners) perceptions of smile esthetics, which are often shaped academically based on standard criteria and hard and soft tissue relationships, may differ from those of the general public and patients, potentially failing to meet patients’ expectations of treatment. This study aimed to assess and compare the views of dental specialists, general dentists, and members of the general public regarding the influence of different labio-palatal inclinations of maxillary incisors on smile esthetics.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 on general dentists, dental specialists, and laypersons. General dentists and specialists practicing in Mazandaran Province were recruited, while laypersons were selected through convenience sampling from patients attending the Faculty of Dentistry in Babol-Iran. One male and one female subject were chosen based on the clinical and lateral cephalometric criteria, and two photographs (neutral facial expression and smiling) were taken of each. After image editing, five final photographs of each subject were prepared and presented in a questionnaire to evaluate participants’ perceptions of smile esthetics according to different labio-palatal inclinations of maxillary incisors, rated on a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with independent t-tests and ANOVA.
Results: A total of 92 laypersons, 47 general dentists, and 141 specialists (47 orthodontists, 47 restorative dentists, and 47 oral and maxillofacial surgeons) participated in this study. Across all three groups, the most attractive male smile was associated with the -5° inclination (medium negative), whereas, the most attractive female smile was rated at 0°. Conversely, the least attractive smile in all groups was the −10° inclination (severe negative) in female images. Photographs with −10° inclination received the lowest scores for both male and female subjects. Specialists assigned lower mean scores to the 0° inclination images compared to general dentists and laypersons.
Conclusion: The divergence between dentists’ and laypersons’ perceptions of the impact of different labio-palatal inclinations of maxillary incisors on smile esthetics highlights the need for greater attention to patients’ expectations and treatment goals.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 on general dentists, dental specialists, and laypersons. General dentists and specialists practicing in Mazandaran Province were recruited, while laypersons were selected through convenience sampling from patients attending the Faculty of Dentistry in Babol-Iran. One male and one female subject were chosen based on the clinical and lateral cephalometric criteria, and two photographs (neutral facial expression and smiling) were taken of each. After image editing, five final photographs of each subject were prepared and presented in a questionnaire to evaluate participants’ perceptions of smile esthetics according to different labio-palatal inclinations of maxillary incisors, rated on a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with independent t-tests and ANOVA.
Results: A total of 92 laypersons, 47 general dentists, and 141 specialists (47 orthodontists, 47 restorative dentists, and 47 oral and maxillofacial surgeons) participated in this study. Across all three groups, the most attractive male smile was associated with the -5° inclination (medium negative), whereas, the most attractive female smile was rated at 0°. Conversely, the least attractive smile in all groups was the −10° inclination (severe negative) in female images. Photographs with −10° inclination received the lowest scores for both male and female subjects. Specialists assigned lower mean scores to the 0° inclination images compared to general dentists and laypersons.
Conclusion: The divergence between dentists’ and laypersons’ perceptions of the impact of different labio-palatal inclinations of maxillary incisors on smile esthetics highlights the need for greater attention to patients’ expectations and treatment goals.
Nima Dehghani, Mohadeseh Azarsina, Xaniar Mahmoudi,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Incorrect prescription of antibiotics for odontogenic infections can endanger patients' lives. This study aimed to determine the pattern of antibiotic prescription by general dentists in Tehran and to compare it with the guidelines recommended by maxillofacial surgeons at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2019.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 141 randomly selected dentists in Tehran. The dentists reported their antibiotic prescriptions for various odontogenic infections by completing a questionnaire. The frequency of prescribed antibiotics was calculated considering the severity of the infection, penicillin sensitivity, pregnancy and lactation status of women, and children. These were compared with the guidelines suggested by 15 maxillofacial surgery specialists at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25.
Results: Among patients sensitive to penicillin with severe infection, 61% of the dentists prescribed the correct medication. The correct prescription rate was 0% in patients with severe infection, 24.82% in pregnant and lactating women with mild infection, 65.24% in children with mild infection, 62.41% in patients with mild infection and penicillin sensitivity, 36.69% in children with severe infection, and 33.82% in pregnant and lactating women with severe infection. The results showed that older dentists were significantly more likely prescribe antibiotics correctly for odontogenic infections (P=0.036, B=0.28).
Conclusion: General dentists in Tehran did not optimally prescribe antibiotics for odontogenic infections. Therefore, training courses to improve their clinical performance are essential.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 141 randomly selected dentists in Tehran. The dentists reported their antibiotic prescriptions for various odontogenic infections by completing a questionnaire. The frequency of prescribed antibiotics was calculated considering the severity of the infection, penicillin sensitivity, pregnancy and lactation status of women, and children. These were compared with the guidelines suggested by 15 maxillofacial surgery specialists at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 25.
Results: Among patients sensitive to penicillin with severe infection, 61% of the dentists prescribed the correct medication. The correct prescription rate was 0% in patients with severe infection, 24.82% in pregnant and lactating women with mild infection, 65.24% in children with mild infection, 62.41% in patients with mild infection and penicillin sensitivity, 36.69% in children with severe infection, and 33.82% in pregnant and lactating women with severe infection. The results showed that older dentists were significantly more likely prescribe antibiotics correctly for odontogenic infections (P=0.036, B=0.28).
Conclusion: General dentists in Tehran did not optimally prescribe antibiotics for odontogenic infections. Therefore, training courses to improve their clinical performance are essential.
Abdolrahim Davari, Farnaz Farahat, Marjan Mehravaran, Alimohammad Doosthosseini, Negar Etminan,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Finding an appropriate method for polishing that can be used in dental practices to improve the longevity and ease of dental restorations is of great importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different polishing methods on the surface roughness of two types of nano-hybrid composites, an in vitro study.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 42 samples in the form of discs (6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness) of two nano-hybrid composites (Charisma Kulzer and EvoCeram Tetric IPS) were prepared. Each group had 21 samples (polymerized in a mold made of polyfluorohalide material) and were all shaded (A2 color). To prevent mirror-like reflections, each sample was covered. A 2 kg load was applied for 30 seconds on each sample, after which the composites were removed. The samples were stored for 7 days in deionized water at room temperature and in the dark. After this period, the samples underwent finishing and polishing procedures. Seven random samples from each composite group were polished using different methods: System Gloss Composite LUCIDA, EVE polishing discs, and EVE polishing discs + Cosmedent polish. The surface roughness was measured using a profilometer, and observations were made under a microscope. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software with t-tests, ANOVA, and the Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: The two-stage method using EVE polishing discs showed significantly the lowest surface roughness in both types of composites (P<0.0001). The type of composite did not have a significant effect on initial surface roughness (P=0.067), but the polishing method had a significant effect on the surface roughness (P<0.0001). The difference in the mean surface roughness was statistically significant among different polishing methods for either type of composites (P<0.0001). The t-test analysis showed no significant difference in the surface roughness between the two types of composites with different polishing methods (P>0.05), except in the LUCIDA polishing system where a significant difference was observed in both groups.
Conclusion: The results showed that the polishing method had a significant effect on the surface roughness and not the type of composte. The use of EVE polishing discs effectively reduced the surface roughness in both types of nano-hybrid composites used in the present study.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 42 samples in the form of discs (6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness) of two nano-hybrid composites (Charisma Kulzer and EvoCeram Tetric IPS) were prepared. Each group had 21 samples (polymerized in a mold made of polyfluorohalide material) and were all shaded (A2 color). To prevent mirror-like reflections, each sample was covered. A 2 kg load was applied for 30 seconds on each sample, after which the composites were removed. The samples were stored for 7 days in deionized water at room temperature and in the dark. After this period, the samples underwent finishing and polishing procedures. Seven random samples from each composite group were polished using different methods: System Gloss Composite LUCIDA, EVE polishing discs, and EVE polishing discs + Cosmedent polish. The surface roughness was measured using a profilometer, and observations were made under a microscope. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software with t-tests, ANOVA, and the Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: The two-stage method using EVE polishing discs showed significantly the lowest surface roughness in both types of composites (P<0.0001). The type of composite did not have a significant effect on initial surface roughness (P=0.067), but the polishing method had a significant effect on the surface roughness (P<0.0001). The difference in the mean surface roughness was statistically significant among different polishing methods for either type of composites (P<0.0001). The t-test analysis showed no significant difference in the surface roughness between the two types of composites with different polishing methods (P>0.05), except in the LUCIDA polishing system where a significant difference was observed in both groups.
Conclusion: The results showed that the polishing method had a significant effect on the surface roughness and not the type of composte. The use of EVE polishing discs effectively reduced the surface roughness in both types of nano-hybrid composites used in the present study.
Hojatollah Yousefimanesh, Shahin Goharpay, Sara Kachi Torshaki,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: A large number of dentists are exposed to all kinds of musculoskeletal disorders caused by this profession. This study was conducted with the aim of measuring the prevalence of musculoskeletal problems and its effect on the quality of life of faculty members.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive analytical study that was conducted by surveying faculty members of the Faculty of Dentistry, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in the form of a census. Standard Nordic questionnaires were completed to investigate musculoskeletal problems and quality of life questionnaire. Also, the dentists were asked to determine and mark the level of pain experienced based on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data was analyzed using t test and chi square test.
Results: In this study, 73 academic staff members were examined, 46 (63%) were women and 27 (37%) were men. The most pain and disorder in the past year was related to the neck (64.4%) and shoulder (56.2%) of participates. The participates that prevented from working because of back pain and of neck pain during the last 12 months were 32(43.8% ) and 31(42.5%), respectively. Most of them (63%) were under 40 years old and the majority have graduated from general and specialized courses, 57.5 % and 37%, respectively, for more than 10 years. In examining the quality of life, the highest score related to the physical function which was 76.98±25.38.
Conclusion: There was a significant statistical relationship between the gender, age and duration of graduation from general and specialized courses with the skeletal and muscular disorders. However, there was no significant statistical relationship between the different aspects of life quality and skeletal and muscular disorders.
Narjes Amrollahi, Ashkan Habibian,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The status of oral diseases in children with visual impairments is a topic of concern for dental researchers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of dental caries in these children according to the PUFA index.
Materials and Methods: To evaluate the rate of tooth decay, sixty 6-12 year old children with visual impairments were selected by convenience sampling in 2022 in Isfahan-Iran. The examination and pufa/PUFA index (exposed pulp, residual root mucosal ulcers, fistulas, and abscesses) were recorded. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney tests (comparison of pufa/PUFA index according to gender, type of disorder and severity of disorder) and Spear-Man (examining the relationship between pufa/PUFA index and child age).
Materials and Methods: To evaluate the rate of tooth decay, sixty 6-12 year old children with visual impairments were selected by convenience sampling in 2022 in Isfahan-Iran. The examination and pufa/PUFA index (exposed pulp, residual root mucosal ulcers, fistulas, and abscesses) were recorded. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney tests (comparison of pufa/PUFA index according to gender, type of disorder and severity of disorder) and Spear-Man (examining the relationship between pufa/PUFA index and child age).
Results: The means of pufa/PUFA index in primary and permanent dental systشems were 0.89±0.68 and 0.44±0.2, respectively, of which the highest portion was related to the caries with pulp involvement. There was no significant relationship between the pufa and PUFA index according to gender, type of disorder, and severity of visual impairment (P<0.05). Also, only a significant and direct relationship was observed in pufa between the primary tooth system and age (P=0.042).
Conclusion: Untreated caries in children with visual impairment based on the PUFA index in primary and permanent dental systems had a relatively low prevalence. The highest PUFA index portion was related to the tooth decay with pulpal involvement. Furthermore, untreated caries in primary teeth were increased by increasing the children’s age.
Mohammad Hossein Zare Mehrjardi, Sina Hooshmand, Mahnaz Hatami,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Despite significant advancements in rehabilitation of edentulism with implants, complications such as implant failure before and after prosthetic loading remain concerns. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of dental implant failure before and after prosthetic loading in some of Yazd dental clinics between 2018 and 2023.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 1060 patients’ files from three public dental clinics were reviewed. These patients were treated by dental implants between April 2018 and June 2023. The collected data included patients’ age and gender, implant diameter, brand, and placement site, type of prosthesis, and fixture failure after surgical and prosthetic phases. Data were statistically analyzed by independent t-tests and chi-square tests.
Results: The mean age of patients was 55.25 ± 12.37 years and 56.3% were female. The frequency of overall implant failure was 3.4%. The implant failure rate after prosthetic loading was 2.8% in females and 2.3% in males (P=0.47). This rate was 2% and 1.9% for maxillary and mandibular implants, respectively (P=0.5). This amount was 2.4% in molar areas,1.7% and 1.8% in premolar and anterior regions, respectively (P=0.8). Implant failure rate was 1.3% in overdentures, 5.9% in cement-retained, and 3.2% in screw-retained prosthesis (P<0.001). This amount for implants with a diameter less than 3.75 mm was 2.6% and for those with a diameter more than 4.5 mm was 3.7% (P<0.001). Implants with a diameter less than 3.75 mm had a 2.6% failure rate, whereas those with a diameter greater than 4.5 mm had a 3.7% failure rate (P<0.001). The implants failure rate was 1.6% for Dio brand and 2.5% for Dentis (P=0.5).
Conclusion: The overall implant failure rate in this study was 3.4%, of which 1.5% occurred before and 1.9% occurred after prosthetic loading. The frequency of implant failure after loading was significantly associated with the implant diameter and prosthesis type. This was not related to the patient's gender, implant site, or the implant brand.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 1060 patients’ files from three public dental clinics were reviewed. These patients were treated by dental implants between April 2018 and June 2023. The collected data included patients’ age and gender, implant diameter, brand, and placement site, type of prosthesis, and fixture failure after surgical and prosthetic phases. Data were statistically analyzed by independent t-tests and chi-square tests.
Results: The mean age of patients was 55.25 ± 12.37 years and 56.3% were female. The frequency of overall implant failure was 3.4%. The implant failure rate after prosthetic loading was 2.8% in females and 2.3% in males (P=0.47). This rate was 2% and 1.9% for maxillary and mandibular implants, respectively (P=0.5). This amount was 2.4% in molar areas,1.7% and 1.8% in premolar and anterior regions, respectively (P=0.8). Implant failure rate was 1.3% in overdentures, 5.9% in cement-retained, and 3.2% in screw-retained prosthesis (P<0.001). This amount for implants with a diameter less than 3.75 mm was 2.6% and for those with a diameter more than 4.5 mm was 3.7% (P<0.001). Implants with a diameter less than 3.75 mm had a 2.6% failure rate, whereas those with a diameter greater than 4.5 mm had a 3.7% failure rate (P<0.001). The implants failure rate was 1.6% for Dio brand and 2.5% for Dentis (P=0.5).
Conclusion: The overall implant failure rate in this study was 3.4%, of which 1.5% occurred before and 1.9% occurred after prosthetic loading. The frequency of implant failure after loading was significantly associated with the implant diameter and prosthesis type. This was not related to the patient's gender, implant site, or the implant brand.
Mehrzad Askarani, Hajar Shekarchizadeh,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Oral self-care among health care workers not only increases the oral health of individuals and their patients, but also improves the society's understanding of the prevention methods of oral disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the oral self-care and compare it among dentistry, nursing, and midwifery students.
Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study in 2023, the HU-DBI questionnaire (Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory) was applied to compare the oral self-care status among the first and final year students of dentistry, nursing, and midwifery. Volunteer students entered the study by a census sampling method. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests (P<0.05).
Results: In total, 348 students including 67% women participated in the study. No significant differences in the mean score of oral self-care were found (P=0.676) among the first-year dental students (5.01±1.71), nursing students (4.81 ±1.81), and midwifery students (4.79±1.63). The mean scores of oral self-care among the final-year students in dentistry, nursing, and midwifery were 6.71±1.59, 5.13±1.62, and 5.17±1.61, respectively. Dental students had a significantly higher score of oral self-care (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Oral self-care among medical students in Azad University of Isfahan was average. Although, dental students revealed a higher level of self-care compared to the nursing and midwifery students, more training in this field is necessary.
Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study in 2023, the HU-DBI questionnaire (Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory) was applied to compare the oral self-care status among the first and final year students of dentistry, nursing, and midwifery. Volunteer students entered the study by a census sampling method. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests (P<0.05).
Results: In total, 348 students including 67% women participated in the study. No significant differences in the mean score of oral self-care were found (P=0.676) among the first-year dental students (5.01±1.71), nursing students (4.81 ±1.81), and midwifery students (4.79±1.63). The mean scores of oral self-care among the final-year students in dentistry, nursing, and midwifery were 6.71±1.59, 5.13±1.62, and 5.17±1.61, respectively. Dental students had a significantly higher score of oral self-care (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Oral self-care among medical students in Azad University of Isfahan was average. Although, dental students revealed a higher level of self-care compared to the nursing and midwifery students, more training in this field is necessary.
Hadi Kalani, Elham Abbasi,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Posterior crossbite is a common malocclusion disorder in the primary dentition that affects masticatory function. Therefore, early detection and treatment of crossbite teeth is essential to prevent further dental complications and guarantee proper jaw development. This study investigated a reasonable and computationally efficient diagnostic system for detecting characteristics between children with and without unilateral posterior crossbite in the primary dentition using the surface electromyography (sEMG) activity of masticatory muscles.
Materials and Methods: The present study was an experimental in vitro study that used sEMG signals and support vector machine (SVM) to develop artificial intelligence systems capable of decoding muscle activity for diagnosing the crossbite. The core idea of SVM is to find the optimal separating hyperplane that maximizes the margin between two classes (presence or absence of crossbite disease) in the sEMG signal. In this study, 40 children (4 to 6 years old) were selected and divided into unilateral posterior crossbite (UPCB) (n=20) and normal occlusion (n=20) groups. The sEMG activity of the bilateral masticatory muscles was recorded during two 20-s gum-chewing sequences. Then, the time domain and frequency domain features had been obtained. In this study, eighteen time domain features and nine frequency domain features were employed. Finally, these features were used as inputs to the SVM method for data classification and crossbite disease diagnosis. In this paper, four kernel functions of SVM including linear, 2nd order polynomial, 3rd order polynomial and radial basis function were considered.
Results: Based on the obtained results, the crossbite disease had a significant effect on the EMG signals. The results demonstrated that this disease affected the amplitude of the signal more than the frequency. Therefore, using the time features of EMG signals, the SVM method was able to provide a more accurate prediction of crossbite disease. The findings indicated that the mean absolute value feature achieved a 95% accuracy in predicting posterior crossbite. Finally, the results revealed that the RBF method could exhibit superior performance.
Conclusion: The proposed method can be utilized in clinical applications for diagnoses of unilateral posterior crossbite. The findings of the study showed an influence of crossbite on the electrical activity of the temporal and masseter muscles. Therefore, the crossbite problem can be reasonably diagnosed by an appropriate learning strategy using EMG signals.
Materials and Methods: The present study was an experimental in vitro study that used sEMG signals and support vector machine (SVM) to develop artificial intelligence systems capable of decoding muscle activity for diagnosing the crossbite. The core idea of SVM is to find the optimal separating hyperplane that maximizes the margin between two classes (presence or absence of crossbite disease) in the sEMG signal. In this study, 40 children (4 to 6 years old) were selected and divided into unilateral posterior crossbite (UPCB) (n=20) and normal occlusion (n=20) groups. The sEMG activity of the bilateral masticatory muscles was recorded during two 20-s gum-chewing sequences. Then, the time domain and frequency domain features had been obtained. In this study, eighteen time domain features and nine frequency domain features were employed. Finally, these features were used as inputs to the SVM method for data classification and crossbite disease diagnosis. In this paper, four kernel functions of SVM including linear, 2nd order polynomial, 3rd order polynomial and radial basis function were considered.
Results: Based on the obtained results, the crossbite disease had a significant effect on the EMG signals. The results demonstrated that this disease affected the amplitude of the signal more than the frequency. Therefore, using the time features of EMG signals, the SVM method was able to provide a more accurate prediction of crossbite disease. The findings indicated that the mean absolute value feature achieved a 95% accuracy in predicting posterior crossbite. Finally, the results revealed that the RBF method could exhibit superior performance.
Conclusion: The proposed method can be utilized in clinical applications for diagnoses of unilateral posterior crossbite. The findings of the study showed an influence of crossbite on the electrical activity of the temporal and masseter muscles. Therefore, the crossbite problem can be reasonably diagnosed by an appropriate learning strategy using EMG signals.
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