Search published articles
Showing 1084 results for Type of Study: Research
Zahra Sohrabi, Yeganeh Badri, Farzan Soltani,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Recently, the use of the palatal process as a source of autogenous bone graft has been considered. Given the anatomical limitations of this space, the assessment of available bone in this area can play an important role in the correct treatment plan. The aim of this study was to assess the amount and density of available bone for the preparation of autogenous graft from the maxillary palatal process using CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography).
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted by collecting CBCT images from 78 patients referred to one of the maxillofacial radiology clinics in Kermanshah in 2022 and 2023. All the patients had no signs of trauma, impacted teeth, pathological lesions, cleft palate, severe periodontitis, or extensive surgery, and also had all the teeth in the area of interest (right first premolar to left first premolar) and their bone growth was completed (age over 20 years). The CBCT images were collected and analyzed using the ondemand program. Different indices such as the area of each cross-sectional slice, bone volume (main variable) were measured with the help of mathematical formula, bone density, and incisive canal diameter. In order to test the hypotheses, the Smirnov-Kolmogorov test was used to check the normality of data, and since none of our variables were normal, we used Spearman and Mann-Whitney correlation tests.
Results: This study was conducted on 78 subjects with a mean age of 43 years, 39 of whom were female and 39 of whom were male. The mean bone volume obtained was 1.84 cm3. The highest bone density was observed in the lateral incisor region and the mean incisal canal diameter was reported to be 2.68 mm. According to the results of the Spearman test, none of the variables had a significant relationship with the age variable. According to the results of the Mann-Whitney test, there was no significant difference in bone density in the lateral, canine, and premolar tooth areas between men and women. However, available bone volume was associated with gender, and this amount was calculated to be greater in men than in women.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the average bone volume in the anterior region of maxilla was 1.51 cm3 and the highest bone density was in the lateral tooth region. The average incisal canal diameter was 2.68 cm3 and the available bone volume was related to gender and this value was higher in men than that of women. However, there was no difference in the bone density between men and women.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted by collecting CBCT images from 78 patients referred to one of the maxillofacial radiology clinics in Kermanshah in 2022 and 2023. All the patients had no signs of trauma, impacted teeth, pathological lesions, cleft palate, severe periodontitis, or extensive surgery, and also had all the teeth in the area of interest (right first premolar to left first premolar) and their bone growth was completed (age over 20 years). The CBCT images were collected and analyzed using the ondemand program. Different indices such as the area of each cross-sectional slice, bone volume (main variable) were measured with the help of mathematical formula, bone density, and incisive canal diameter. In order to test the hypotheses, the Smirnov-Kolmogorov test was used to check the normality of data, and since none of our variables were normal, we used Spearman and Mann-Whitney correlation tests.
Results: This study was conducted on 78 subjects with a mean age of 43 years, 39 of whom were female and 39 of whom were male. The mean bone volume obtained was 1.84 cm3. The highest bone density was observed in the lateral incisor region and the mean incisal canal diameter was reported to be 2.68 mm. According to the results of the Spearman test, none of the variables had a significant relationship with the age variable. According to the results of the Mann-Whitney test, there was no significant difference in bone density in the lateral, canine, and premolar tooth areas between men and women. However, available bone volume was associated with gender, and this amount was calculated to be greater in men than in women.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the average bone volume in the anterior region of maxilla was 1.51 cm3 and the highest bone density was in the lateral tooth region. The average incisal canal diameter was 2.68 cm3 and the available bone volume was related to gender and this value was higher in men than that of women. However, there was no difference in the bone density between men and women.
Yadegar Hussein Sharifi, Hajar Shekarchizadeh, Hajar Attarzadeh, Sepehr Miramirkhani,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Orphaned children are one of vulnerable groups in society. The aim of this study was to compare oral health, treatment needs, and oral health behaviors of orphaned children under the protection of welfare organization with the guardian children.
Materials and Methods: In this historical cohort study, all 7–12-year-old children under the protection of welfare organization in Isfahan were compared with their classmates’ counterparts in 2019. Clinical examination recorded DMFT/dmft, plaque index, and treatment needs. Children were asked about their oral health behaviors including the frequency of tooth brushing, flossing, fluoride toothpaste, and snacking. Mann-Witney U test, Chi-Squared test, and Fisher's exact test served for analysis (P<0.05).
Results: The mean score of dmft and DMFT among orphaned children were 3.64±2.54 and 2.93±2.54, respectively, which showed no significant differences with comparison group (P>0.05). No significant difference revealed between the two groups in terms of mean number of deciduous teeth in need of treatment (P=0.175). Only the mean number of permanent teeth requiring treatment was higher in orphaned children (2.46) than that of the comparison group (1.28) (P<0.049). Also, the percentage of children with poor plaque index was higher in orphaned children (P=0.009). There was no significant difference between two groups regarding oral health behaviors (P>0.05).
Conclusion: No significant difference existed between orphaned children and their classmates’ counterparts in terms of dental caries index and oral health behaviors. Only plaque index and the number of permanent teeth requiring treatment was higher in orphaned children. Educational interventions are recommended to promote oral hygiene and to facilitate the orphaned children’s access to dental treatment.
Materials and Methods: In this historical cohort study, all 7–12-year-old children under the protection of welfare organization in Isfahan were compared with their classmates’ counterparts in 2019. Clinical examination recorded DMFT/dmft, plaque index, and treatment needs. Children were asked about their oral health behaviors including the frequency of tooth brushing, flossing, fluoride toothpaste, and snacking. Mann-Witney U test, Chi-Squared test, and Fisher's exact test served for analysis (P<0.05).
Results: The mean score of dmft and DMFT among orphaned children were 3.64±2.54 and 2.93±2.54, respectively, which showed no significant differences with comparison group (P>0.05). No significant difference revealed between the two groups in terms of mean number of deciduous teeth in need of treatment (P=0.175). Only the mean number of permanent teeth requiring treatment was higher in orphaned children (2.46) than that of the comparison group (1.28) (P<0.049). Also, the percentage of children with poor plaque index was higher in orphaned children (P=0.009). There was no significant difference between two groups regarding oral health behaviors (P>0.05).
Conclusion: No significant difference existed between orphaned children and their classmates’ counterparts in terms of dental caries index and oral health behaviors. Only plaque index and the number of permanent teeth requiring treatment was higher in orphaned children. Educational interventions are recommended to promote oral hygiene and to facilitate the orphaned children’s access to dental treatment.
Pouyan Zarafshan, Meisam Moradi, Maysam Mirzaie, Pezhman Hadinezhad, Hemmat Gholinia,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and aims: Dental anxiety is one of the most common barriers to utilizing oral health services. It can lead to delayed dental visits, treatment avoidance, and worsening of oral health problems. This study aimed to assess the level of dental anxiety among patients visiting general dental clinics in Babol, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 400 patients over the age of 18 who attended private general dental practices in Babol and were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Persian version of the standard Dental Anxiety Inventory (DAI), consisting of 36 items rated on a five-point Likert scale (score range:
36-180), the validity and reliability of which have been confirmed in previous studies. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS, with a significance level set at 0.05.
Results: The mean age of participants was 31.61 ± 9.03 years, and 61.8% were female. The mean dental anxiety score was 129.52 ± 31.04 out of 180, indicating a relatively high level of anxiety among the participants. Dental anxiety was significantly higher in female (P=0.002) and single participants (P=0.007), while no significant differences were observed based on the age, occupation, education level, or number of previous dental visits (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The findings indicated a high level of dental anxiety among patients attending general dental clinics in Babol. It is recommended that educational, psychological, and communication-based interventions be implemented in dental settings to help the reduction of anxiety and improvement of patient care.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 on 400 patients over the age of 18 who attended private general dental practices in Babol and were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Persian version of the standard Dental Anxiety Inventory (DAI), consisting of 36 items rated on a five-point Likert scale (score range:
36-180), the validity and reliability of which have been confirmed in previous studies. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS, with a significance level set at 0.05.
Results: The mean age of participants was 31.61 ± 9.03 years, and 61.8% were female. The mean dental anxiety score was 129.52 ± 31.04 out of 180, indicating a relatively high level of anxiety among the participants. Dental anxiety was significantly higher in female (P=0.002) and single participants (P=0.007), while no significant differences were observed based on the age, occupation, education level, or number of previous dental visits (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The findings indicated a high level of dental anxiety among patients attending general dental clinics in Babol. It is recommended that educational, psychological, and communication-based interventions be implemented in dental settings to help the reduction of anxiety and improvement of patient care.
Ali Najarchi, Maryam Mohebiniya, Mohsen Shamsi,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Given the risks of repeated exposure to ionizing radiation in dentistry and its potential adverse effects on the health of patients, staff, and students, adherence to radiation protection principles is a fundamental priority in this profession. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practice, and behavioral predictors of dental students at Arak University of Medical Sciences regarding the radiation protection principles in 2024.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted as a census on 120 dental students during October 2024 to March 2025. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, which included sections on demographic information, knowledge assessment (maximum score: 20), attitudes (maximum score: 55), and practice (maximum score: 16). The questionnaire used was a revised version of a standard instrument, the validity (CVR=0.62, CVI=0.79) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha >0.7 for all sections) of which were measured and confirmed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS27, with analytical tests including the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman’s correlation, and predictive practice with asses test of linear regression.
Results: The number of 120 students with mean age of participants 23.59 ± 3.13 old years and 51.7% were male. The mean scores were as follows: knowledge (9.69 ± 2.51), attitude (27.88 ± 3.05), and practice (12.60 ± 1.06). A significant difference in knowledge was observed between the male and female students (P=0.035), which the male students’ scoring was higher. No significant differences were found in the attitude or practice between genders (P>0.05). Factors such as place of residence (dormitory or non dormitory), prior radiation protection training, age, GPA, and admission year showed no significant association with the knowledge, attitude, or practice (P>0.05). Based on the regression model, the greatest predictors of student performance were age (R2=0.247, P=0.015) and grade point average (R2=0.282, P=0.003).
Conclusion: While academic training effectively imparts knowledge of radiation protection, translating this knowledge into practical performance remains moderate and thus, highlighting the need for advanced hands-on training courses.
Seyed Hosein Tabatabaei, Elaheh Ebrahimi, Sara Heydari, Fatemeh Owlia,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Student perspectives play a crucial role in evaluating educational systems. This study assessed the self-efficacy of dental students at Yazd Dental School in diagnosing and managing oral and maxillofacial pathological lesions.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students from semesters 6 to 12. A total of 250 self-efficacy questionnaires, designed to evaluate students' abilities in lesion management, were distributed. The questionnaire covered biopsy procedures, differential diagnosis, and treatment planning. Data were collected using structured self-reporting methods and analyzed through SPSS version 16, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests. The semester progression, gender, age, academic performance, and marital status were examined for their impact on self-efficacy. According to the mean and standard deviation obtained in this study, the scores were divided qualitatively.
Results: The response rate of the questionnaire was 91.6%. The average self-efficacy score was 80.30±14.72 (out of 150), indicating a moderate level of confidence. Performing biopsies had the lowest self-efficacy, while diagnosing and managing oral ulcers had the highest. Higher-semester students showed significantly greater self-efficacy (P=0.018), whereas variations based on gender, age, academic performance, and marital status were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Increased exposure to the clinical cases and theoretical knowledge contributed to a growth in self-efficacy over time.
Conclusion: Overall, the students demonstrated moderate self-efficacy in lesion management. Higher-semester students benefited from accumulated experience, though specific areas, such as biopsy procedures and lesion diagnosis, which require further emphasis. Future strategies should enhance teaching methods, clinical practice opportunities, and assessment approaches to prepare students for the practical challenges they will face.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students from semesters 6 to 12. A total of 250 self-efficacy questionnaires, designed to evaluate students' abilities in lesion management, were distributed. The questionnaire covered biopsy procedures, differential diagnosis, and treatment planning. Data were collected using structured self-reporting methods and analyzed through SPSS version 16, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests. The semester progression, gender, age, academic performance, and marital status were examined for their impact on self-efficacy. According to the mean and standard deviation obtained in this study, the scores were divided qualitatively.
Results: The response rate of the questionnaire was 91.6%. The average self-efficacy score was 80.30±14.72 (out of 150), indicating a moderate level of confidence. Performing biopsies had the lowest self-efficacy, while diagnosing and managing oral ulcers had the highest. Higher-semester students showed significantly greater self-efficacy (P=0.018), whereas variations based on gender, age, academic performance, and marital status were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Increased exposure to the clinical cases and theoretical knowledge contributed to a growth in self-efficacy over time.
Conclusion: Overall, the students demonstrated moderate self-efficacy in lesion management. Higher-semester students benefited from accumulated experience, though specific areas, such as biopsy procedures and lesion diagnosis, which require further emphasis. Future strategies should enhance teaching methods, clinical practice opportunities, and assessment approaches to prepare students for the practical challenges they will face.
Seyedreza Khosravani, Leila Azimi, Saeed Moghadamzarandi, Narges Panahandeh,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aims: To prevent dental caries, investigations have focused on finding new antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents without the drawbacks of the currently used synthetic agents. This study aimed to assess the effect of methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) on expression of virulence genes of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, which was conducted in the year 1402, at the Microbiology Department of the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Dentistry at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, the methanolic extract of Z. officinale was obtained by the maceration technique. 10 clinical isolates of S. mutans were obtained from the patients with dental infection. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract against S. mutans were determined by the microtiter plate technique. The effect of extract on the expression of relA, comDE, brpA, gtfC, and spaP virulence genes by the clinical isolates was evaluated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests (alpha=0.05).
Results: The mean MIC and MBC of the methanolic extract of Z. officinale against S. mutans were 32±11.8 and 64±26.12 mg/mL, respectively. The extract caused down-regulation of relA, comDE, brpA, and gtfC by 50%, 40%, 70%, and 70%, respectively. It also caused 4 times reduction in expression of spaP gene.
Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Z. officinale caused significant down-regulation of gtfC, brpA, relA, comDE, and spaP genes, indicating its optimal efficacy to control the virulence of S. mutans.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, which was conducted in the year 1402, at the Microbiology Department of the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Dentistry at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, the methanolic extract of Z. officinale was obtained by the maceration technique. 10 clinical isolates of S. mutans were obtained from the patients with dental infection. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract against S. mutans were determined by the microtiter plate technique. The effect of extract on the expression of relA, comDE, brpA, gtfC, and spaP virulence genes by the clinical isolates was evaluated by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests (alpha=0.05).
Results: The mean MIC and MBC of the methanolic extract of Z. officinale against S. mutans were 32±11.8 and 64±26.12 mg/mL, respectively. The extract caused down-regulation of relA, comDE, brpA, and gtfC by 50%, 40%, 70%, and 70%, respectively. It also caused 4 times reduction in expression of spaP gene.
Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Z. officinale caused significant down-regulation of gtfC, brpA, relA, comDE, and spaP genes, indicating its optimal efficacy to control the virulence of S. mutans.
Aref Naderi Khorshidi, Mohammad Mehdi Naghibi Sistani, Seyedali Seyedmajidi, Meisam Moradi,
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Volume 38, Issue 0 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and aims: Dental procedures carry a significant risk of transmitting viral and bacterial infections to both patients and healthcare personnel. Patients' awareness of infection control principles can play a crucial role in improving the safety of the clinical environment and promoting public health. This study aimed to assess the level of patients’ awareness regarding infection control principles in dental treatments.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 on 390 patients attending the Dental School Clinic of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire consisting of 24 items related to infection control. Each correct answer was awarded one point. The total score and awareness level of participants were analyzed based on the gender, age group, educational level, and number of dental visits using independent samples t-test, chi-square test, and ANOVA in SPSS, with a significance level set at 0.05.
Results: The mean age of patients was 33.89 ± 13.24 years and 62.8% were female. The mean awareness score was 18.37 ± 3.21. A total of 76.4% of participants demonstrated a good level of awareness. The awareness mean score was higher in female than male patients (P=0.006). A statistically significant difference was observed in mean awareness scores educational level (P<0.001) and age group (P=0.01). However, no significant difference was found based on the number of dental visits (P=0.867).
Conclusion: Although, the overall level of patient awareness regarding infection control principles was acceptable, gaps remain in certain areas. The implementation of targeted educational programs is recommended to enhance patients’ awareness and to promote infection control practices in dental treatment settings.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 on 390 patients attending the Dental School Clinic of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire consisting of 24 items related to infection control. Each correct answer was awarded one point. The total score and awareness level of participants were analyzed based on the gender, age group, educational level, and number of dental visits using independent samples t-test, chi-square test, and ANOVA in SPSS, with a significance level set at 0.05.
Results: The mean age of patients was 33.89 ± 13.24 years and 62.8% were female. The mean awareness score was 18.37 ± 3.21. A total of 76.4% of participants demonstrated a good level of awareness. The awareness mean score was higher in female than male patients (P=0.006). A statistically significant difference was observed in mean awareness scores educational level (P<0.001) and age group (P=0.01). However, no significant difference was found based on the number of dental visits (P=0.867).
Conclusion: Although, the overall level of patient awareness regarding infection control principles was acceptable, gaps remain in certain areas. The implementation of targeted educational programs is recommended to enhance patients’ awareness and to promote infection control practices in dental treatment settings.
Razieh Jabbarian, Reza Emrani, Razie Hosseininavaz, Mahnaz Pouresmaeil, Mohammad Mirzaie, Mahsa Esfehani, Nazanin Gholitabar, Yasmina Davari, Aida Salimi,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Oral health is recognized as an integral component of general health andlike other health aspects, can significantly impact the quality of life of both the individual and their family. Due to their rapid physical and psychological development, children are particularly vulnerable to the adverse consequences of oral health problems. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of children's oral health on family quality of life and the factors influencing this relationship among children under six years old in Qazvin, Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the parents of 80 six-year-old children in Qazvin city in 2022. A convenience sampling method was employed, recruiting participants from among those attending the Dental School of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Initially, the child's demographic information (age, gender, birth order, and family socioeconomic status) was collected from the parents. Subsequently, they completed the Family Impact Scale (FIS) questionnaire. This questionnaire assesses the impact of a child's oral and dental problems on the family, utilizing four subscales. Subsequently, questions were asked regarding general health, oral and dental health, dental visits, and the services received. The collected data were then analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics including variance, Pearson correlation, and T tests.
Results: 80 parents were enrolled in the study of whom 39 had a son and 41 had a daughter. The mean age of the studied children was 4.72±1.06 years, with an age range of 3 years (the youngest being 3 and the oldest 6 years old). Among the dimensions of family quality of life (FIS), the family finances subscale had the highest mean score (0.53 ± 0.68), while the family conflict subscale had the lowest (0.73±0.44). The overall mean score for family quality of life was 0.52±0.6. No statistically significant relationship was found between the outcome variable (oral health-related quality of life) and the independent variable of family economic status (P>0.05). However, a statistically significant relationship was observed with the independent variable of the child's birth order (P=0.002), indicating that the impact of the child's oral health on family quality of life would increase with a higher birth order. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between the child's age and two subscales of family quality of life: family activity (P=0.03) and family conflict (P=0.006). Specifically, a younger child's age was associated with a greater impact of their oral health on the family's quality of life. There was a significant relationship between the child's general health and oral/dental health from the parents' perspective and the impact of the obtained FIS score (P=0.001 and P=0.04, respectively).
Conclusion: The findings indicated that a child's oral health status could impact the family quality of life, and this impact was associated with the child's age and birth order.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the parents of 80 six-year-old children in Qazvin city in 2022. A convenience sampling method was employed, recruiting participants from among those attending the Dental School of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. Initially, the child's demographic information (age, gender, birth order, and family socioeconomic status) was collected from the parents. Subsequently, they completed the Family Impact Scale (FIS) questionnaire. This questionnaire assesses the impact of a child's oral and dental problems on the family, utilizing four subscales. Subsequently, questions were asked regarding general health, oral and dental health, dental visits, and the services received. The collected data were then analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics including variance, Pearson correlation, and T tests.
Results: 80 parents were enrolled in the study of whom 39 had a son and 41 had a daughter. The mean age of the studied children was 4.72±1.06 years, with an age range of 3 years (the youngest being 3 and the oldest 6 years old). Among the dimensions of family quality of life (FIS), the family finances subscale had the highest mean score (0.53 ± 0.68), while the family conflict subscale had the lowest (0.73±0.44). The overall mean score for family quality of life was 0.52±0.6. No statistically significant relationship was found between the outcome variable (oral health-related quality of life) and the independent variable of family economic status (P>0.05). However, a statistically significant relationship was observed with the independent variable of the child's birth order (P=0.002), indicating that the impact of the child's oral health on family quality of life would increase with a higher birth order. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between the child's age and two subscales of family quality of life: family activity (P=0.03) and family conflict (P=0.006). Specifically, a younger child's age was associated with a greater impact of their oral health on the family's quality of life. There was a significant relationship between the child's general health and oral/dental health from the parents' perspective and the impact of the obtained FIS score (P=0.001 and P=0.04, respectively).
Conclusion: The findings indicated that a child's oral health status could impact the family quality of life, and this impact was associated with the child's age and birth order.
Farzam Shiri, ,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Pharmacies can serve as an appropriate setting for the provision of oral health care, including preventive services, early detection, and referrals. The present study aimed to assess the awareness, performance and oral health behaviors as well as self-perceived oral health among pharmacists and pharmacy staff in Isfahan.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 using a random sampling method across pharmacies in Isfahan. In total, 176 pharmacists and pharmacy staff completed a standard self-administered questionnaire in person, regarding their awareness, performance, and behaviors related to oral health, as well as their self- perceived oral health. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation coefficient in SPSS software version 27 (P<0.05).
Results: Oral health knowledge was rated as poor in 34 individuals (19.3%), moderate in 89 (50.6%), and good in 53 (30.1%). Pharmacists’ knowledge score was significantly higher than that of other pharmacy staff (P=0.002). The most commonly reported service provided to clients by participants was offering analgesics for pain relief (61.9%). While, less than half of the participants reported providing information on oral hygiene (36.9%) or referring clients to a dentist (40.9%). Oral health behaviors including brushing teeth at least twice a day (80.4%), regular use of fluoride toothpaste (97.2%), visiting a dentist during the past year (55.1%), and non smoking (67.0%) were favorable among most participants. However, flossing (50.6%) and frequent snacking (65.3%) were unfavorable in majority of individuals.
Conclusion: Considering the moderate level of oral health knowledge and the presence of some unfavorable behaviors such as insufficient use of dental floss and frequent snacking, it is recommended to implement educational programs to improve knowledge and promote positive oral health behaviors
Reza Eftekhar Ashtiani, Yasgol Kalbasi, Mojtaba Hamidi-Fard, Elaheh Beyabanaki,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Despite documentation on the antiviral effects of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and nano-silver colloid (Ag) on herpes simplex virus type 1, the synergistic effect of these two materials at different concentrations is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral effect of various concentration combinations of cetylpyridinium chloride and nano-silver colloid on herpes simplex virus type 1.
Materials and Methods: This laboratory study conducted at the molecular virology department of Iran Pasteur Institute in the year 1400. After testing the cytotoxicity of different concentrations of CPC and Ag, the disinfecting effect of safe concentrations of each substance individually and also in the form of three compounds, was examined on the cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. The study groups included groups 1 to 6 with 0.01 µg/ml to 1000 µg/ml of Ag, groups 7 to 12 with 0.1 µg/ml to 10000 µg/ml of CPC, and combination groups of Ag 10 µg/ml + CPC 10 µg/ml (G13), Ag 10 µg/ml + CPC 1 µg/ml (G14), and Ag 1 µg/ml + CPC 10 µg/ml (G15). Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Games-Howell and Tukey HSD pair comparison tests at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Based on the MTT test and the cell viability exposed to herpes simplex virus type 1, the highest number of living cells belonged to the 10 µg/ml Ag group, followed by 10 µg/ml CPC, 10 µg/ml Ag + 10 µg/ml CPC, 1 µg/ml Ag + 10 µg/ml CPC, and 10 µg/ml Ag + 1 µg/ml CPC groups. In terms of antiviral effect, there was a significant difference between group 1 and groups 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10 (P<0.001), between groups 2 and 3 (P=0.40), between groups 2 and 4 (P=0.041), between group 2 and groups 5 and 6 (P=0.035), between group 7 and groups 10, 11, and 12 (P<0.001), between group 8 and groups 10, 11, and 12 (P<0.001), and between group 9 and groups 10, 11, and 12 (P<0.001). Among combination groups, the most antiviral effect and the least cell toxicity was found in the 10 µg/ml Ag + 10 µg/ml CPC group, while the least antiviral effect was observed in the Ag 10 µg/ml + CPC 1 µg/ml group.
Conclusion: The highest cell viability rate belonged to the 10 µg/ml Ag group, followed by the 10 µg/ml CPC group, and their combination resulted in a reduction of its effect in this area. The antiviral effect of these materials individually was greater than in their combined state. Additionally , the most antiviral effect and the least cell toxicity was found in the 10 µg/ml Ag + 10 µg/ml CPC group among the combination groups.
Materials and Methods: This laboratory study conducted at the molecular virology department of Iran Pasteur Institute in the year 1400. After testing the cytotoxicity of different concentrations of CPC and Ag, the disinfecting effect of safe concentrations of each substance individually and also in the form of three compounds, was examined on the cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. The study groups included groups 1 to 6 with 0.01 µg/ml to 1000 µg/ml of Ag, groups 7 to 12 with 0.1 µg/ml to 10000 µg/ml of CPC, and combination groups of Ag 10 µg/ml + CPC 10 µg/ml (G13), Ag 10 µg/ml + CPC 1 µg/ml (G14), and Ag 1 µg/ml + CPC 10 µg/ml (G15). Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Games-Howell and Tukey HSD pair comparison tests at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Based on the MTT test and the cell viability exposed to herpes simplex virus type 1, the highest number of living cells belonged to the 10 µg/ml Ag group, followed by 10 µg/ml CPC, 10 µg/ml Ag + 10 µg/ml CPC, 1 µg/ml Ag + 10 µg/ml CPC, and 10 µg/ml Ag + 1 µg/ml CPC groups. In terms of antiviral effect, there was a significant difference between group 1 and groups 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10 (P<0.001), between groups 2 and 3 (P=0.40), between groups 2 and 4 (P=0.041), between group 2 and groups 5 and 6 (P=0.035), between group 7 and groups 10, 11, and 12 (P<0.001), between group 8 and groups 10, 11, and 12 (P<0.001), and between group 9 and groups 10, 11, and 12 (P<0.001). Among combination groups, the most antiviral effect and the least cell toxicity was found in the 10 µg/ml Ag + 10 µg/ml CPC group, while the least antiviral effect was observed in the Ag 10 µg/ml + CPC 1 µg/ml group.
Conclusion: The highest cell viability rate belonged to the 10 µg/ml Ag group, followed by the 10 µg/ml CPC group, and their combination resulted in a reduction of its effect in this area. The antiviral effect of these materials individually was greater than in their combined state. Additionally , the most antiviral effect and the least cell toxicity was found in the 10 µg/ml Ag + 10 µg/ml CPC group among the combination groups.
Misagh Mohajer, Hassan Mesgari, Behnaz Pourian, Javad Nosrati Momvandi, Masoud Hassanzadeh,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Dry socket is one of the most common complications following dental surgery. Therefore, effective prevention of dry socket can significantly improve patient recovery after tooth extraction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tranexamic acid combined with a Gelfoam carrier on the prevention of dry socket following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars.
Materials and Methods: This parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2023 on 72 patients (40 in the intervention group and 32 in the control group) at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Unit. In the intervention group, 250 mg of tranexamic acid powder was placed into the extraction socket and covered with Gelfoam, whereas the control group received sterile gauze only. The diagnosis of dry socket was made 2–3 days postoperatively by an independent surgeon. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, likelihood ratio, and Fisher’s exact test, with a significance level set at P<0.05.
Results: The incidence of dry socket was 7.5% in the intervention group and 34.4% in the control group. All statistical tests demonstrated a significant reduction in the occurrence of dry socket in the intervention group (P≤0.005). These findings are consistent with the physiological mechanism of tranexamic acid in inhibiting fibrinolysis and stabilizing the blood clot, resulting in a marked reduction compared with the control group.
Conclusion: Topical application of the tranexamic acid in combination with Gelfoam following extraction of impacted third molars is an effective, simple, and cost-effective method for the prevention of dry socket. For broader clinical recommendation, further studies with larger sample sizes, comparisons with existing standard preventive methods, and longer follow-up periods are suggested.
Materials and Methods: This parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2023 on 72 patients (40 in the intervention group and 32 in the control group) at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Unit. In the intervention group, 250 mg of tranexamic acid powder was placed into the extraction socket and covered with Gelfoam, whereas the control group received sterile gauze only. The diagnosis of dry socket was made 2–3 days postoperatively by an independent surgeon. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, likelihood ratio, and Fisher’s exact test, with a significance level set at P<0.05.
Results: The incidence of dry socket was 7.5% in the intervention group and 34.4% in the control group. All statistical tests demonstrated a significant reduction in the occurrence of dry socket in the intervention group (P≤0.005). These findings are consistent with the physiological mechanism of tranexamic acid in inhibiting fibrinolysis and stabilizing the blood clot, resulting in a marked reduction compared with the control group.
Conclusion: Topical application of the tranexamic acid in combination with Gelfoam following extraction of impacted third molars is an effective, simple, and cost-effective method for the prevention of dry socket. For broader clinical recommendation, further studies with larger sample sizes, comparisons with existing standard preventive methods, and longer follow-up periods are suggested.
Aydin Alipour, Ehsan Moudi, Seyedali Seyedmajidi, Meisam Moradi, Reza Faraji,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Root resorption of teeth adjacent to impacted canines, although relatively uncommon, is a potentially harmful condition that may lead to tooth loss. Early diagnosis and the use of accurate imaging techniques play a crucial role in preventing from root resorption complications. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of root resorption in teeth adjacent to impacted maxillary canines using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational-analytical study, 60 CBCT images of patients with impacted maxillary canines (15 bilateral case and 45 unilateral cases) were examined using a convenience sampling method among those referred to oral and maxillofacial radiology clinics in northern Iran, Babol, in 2023. Variables such as age, gender, position and direction of canine eruption, presence of root resorption in adjacent teeth, type of affected tooth, severity, and location of resorption were evaluated. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test in SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: Among the studied CBCT (66.7% female; 70% over 18 years of age), 75 cases of impaction (41 cases on the right and 34 cases on the left) were observed. Root resorption in the teeth adjacent to the impacted maxillary canines was observed in only 7 patients (11.7%). All resorptions were mild and observed in the lateral incisors. In terms of vertical position, 85.7% of the cases occurred in the middle third of the root. There was no statistically significant association between root resorption and gender, age, or the position or direction of canine eruption (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Given the potential for root resorption in lateral incisors and in the middle third of the root, it is recommended that oral and maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists perform a thorough initial evaluation of the canine’s position and adjacent teeth using CBCT imaging prior to treatment to prevent possible complications.
Amineh Oljash, Reza Faraji, Farida Abesi, Maysam Mirzaie, Hoda Shirafkan,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Ponticulus posticus is a bony anomaly in the atlas vertebra that may have significant clinical implications, particularly when extreme head movements are required during treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ponticulus posticus in different types of skeletal malocclusions in the population from northern Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this observational-analytical study, 246 lateral cephalometric radiographs of eligible individuals referred to two oral and maxillofacial radiology centers in Babol, northern Iran, in 2021, were included using convenience sampling and evaluated. Skeletal classification was determined using the ANB angle and Wits analysis. The presence of ponticulus posticus was evaluated across different skeletal classes, genders, and age groups. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test in SPSS software with a significance level set at 0.05.
Results: Among the total sample, ponticulus posticus was observed in 104 cases (42.3%), of which 62 cases (25.2%) were of the partial type and 42 cases (17.1%) were of the complete type. The prevalence of this anomaly was significantly higher in males than in females (P<0.001). However, there was no statistically significant association between the presence of ponticulus posticus and skeletal class (P=0.222) or age group (P=0.483).
Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that ponticulus posticus was a relatively common anomaly, with a higher prevalence in males, and therefore should be taken into consideration. However, this anomaly neither appear to be a result of age-related calcification, nor can be used as a predictive indicator for determining skeletal class type.
Amirhosein Rostami, Seyedali Seyedmajidi, Valiollah Arash, Abbas Ramyar, Nima Hedayati Goodarzi, Amirhosein Ghasemi, Reza Faraji,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion (BDP) is a common orthodontic anomaly characterized by protrusive dental arches and lip prominence. Extraction of the first premolars is a frequently employed treatment approach in these patients. However, the effect of this intervention on Bolton ratios-particularly the overall and anterior ratios-remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of first premolar extractions on Bolton ratios in patients with BDP.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on archived physical models of 34 Class I patients with BDP and functional lip incompetency (>4 mm) accompanied by lip protrusion, available at the Orthodontics Department of School of Dentistry, Babol, in 2024. All patients had a full complement of teeth from the first incisor to the first molar in each quadrant. After digitizing the models, mesiodistal tooth widths and the overall and anterior Bolton ratios were calculated. Digital simulation of first premolar extraction was performed, followed by reassessment of Bolton ratios. Pre- and post-treatment values were statistically compared using paired t-tests in SPSS (significance level set at 0.05).
Results: Among 34 studied casts, 67.6 % belonged to females. The mean overall Bolton ratio decreased significantly from 90.33 ± 2.23% to 87.72 ± 2.39%, and the anterior ratio declined from 78.19 ± 2.96% to 77.85 ± 3.03% (P<0.001). Additionally, 15 patients exhibited residual space post-treatment, primarily in the mandibular arch.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, first premolar extraction significantly reduced both the overall and anterior Bolton ratios in patients with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. However, the likelihood of residual space—particularly in the lower arch-should be carefully considered during orthodontic treatment planning to ensure long-term stability and success.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on archived physical models of 34 Class I patients with BDP and functional lip incompetency (>4 mm) accompanied by lip protrusion, available at the Orthodontics Department of School of Dentistry, Babol, in 2024. All patients had a full complement of teeth from the first incisor to the first molar in each quadrant. After digitizing the models, mesiodistal tooth widths and the overall and anterior Bolton ratios were calculated. Digital simulation of first premolar extraction was performed, followed by reassessment of Bolton ratios. Pre- and post-treatment values were statistically compared using paired t-tests in SPSS (significance level set at 0.05).
Results: Among 34 studied casts, 67.6 % belonged to females. The mean overall Bolton ratio decreased significantly from 90.33 ± 2.23% to 87.72 ± 2.39%, and the anterior ratio declined from 78.19 ± 2.96% to 77.85 ± 3.03% (P<0.001). Additionally, 15 patients exhibited residual space post-treatment, primarily in the mandibular arch.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, first premolar extraction significantly reduced both the overall and anterior Bolton ratios in patients with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. However, the likelihood of residual space—particularly in the lower arch-should be carefully considered during orthodontic treatment planning to ensure long-term stability and success.
Sayeh Hamedanchi, Hafez Vahedpour, Solmaz Charmi,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Repairing existing composite restorations, rather than replacing them entirely, is regarded as a conservative and tissue-preserving approach in restorative dentistry. However, achieving a durable bond between the aged and newly applied composite resin remains a significant clinical challenge. This study aimed to compare the shear bond strength of repaired composite restorations using three different adhesive systems.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, which conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, 60 disk-shaped composite specimens were fabricated with standard dimensions. After undergoing artificial aging (storage in distilled water for 6 months), their surfaces were roughened mechanically using a diamond bur. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n=20) and repaired using fifth-generation (Adper Single Bond), seventh-generation (OptiBond All-In-One), and universal (Single Bond Universal) adhesives, followed by the application of new composite. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling, and the shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Fracture patterns of the samples were also examined using a stereomicroscope to determine the modes of failure. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests in SPSS at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean shear bond strengths were 15.22 ± 4.47 MPa for Adper Single Bond, 14.05 ± 4.66 MPa for OptiBond All-In-One, and 13.44 ± 4.68 MPa for Single Bond Universal. No statistically significant differences were found among the groups (P=0.468). Fracture pattern distribution was also not significantly different (P=0.453), with predominantly cohesive or mixed failures observed across all groups. No adhesive failures were observed.
Conclusion: Under standardized surface preparation, none of the tested adhesive systems demonstrated a statistically significant advantage in the shear bond strength between the aged and new composite. Therefore, the choice of adhesive in composite repair procedures can be guided by practical considerations such as product availability, ease of application, and dentist preference.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, which conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, 60 disk-shaped composite specimens were fabricated with standard dimensions. After undergoing artificial aging (storage in distilled water for 6 months), their surfaces were roughened mechanically using a diamond bur. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n=20) and repaired using fifth-generation (Adper Single Bond), seventh-generation (OptiBond All-In-One), and universal (Single Bond Universal) adhesives, followed by the application of new composite. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling, and the shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Fracture patterns of the samples were also examined using a stereomicroscope to determine the modes of failure. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests in SPSS at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mean shear bond strengths were 15.22 ± 4.47 MPa for Adper Single Bond, 14.05 ± 4.66 MPa for OptiBond All-In-One, and 13.44 ± 4.68 MPa for Single Bond Universal. No statistically significant differences were found among the groups (P=0.468). Fracture pattern distribution was also not significantly different (P=0.453), with predominantly cohesive or mixed failures observed across all groups. No adhesive failures were observed.
Conclusion: Under standardized surface preparation, none of the tested adhesive systems demonstrated a statistically significant advantage in the shear bond strength between the aged and new composite. Therefore, the choice of adhesive in composite repair procedures can be guided by practical considerations such as product availability, ease of application, and dentist preference.
Fariba Abdal, Masoud Soltani, Maryam Kazempour, Mohammad Hossein Haddadi, Negin Neshanifard,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The learning environment is defined as anything that happens in a classroom or educational group, faculty or university. Evaluation of dental students’ opinions about their learning environment, can help those responsible to provide solutions for improving the quality and quantity of clinical education. One of the tools that quantitatively measures the environment and atmosphere governing dental education is DSLES (Dental Student Learning Environment Survey). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the educational environment of the Ilam School of Dentistry based on the DSLES questionnaire.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted on 114, clinical and pre-clinical students of the Ilam School of Dentistry were enrolled in the study in 2025. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24). Total scores were analyzed using Student's
t-test and the significance level was set at p<0.05.
Results: The results showed that the educational environment of the dental school was in the medium to relatively desirable range in various dimensions, but none of the components reached the excellent level. The highest score was related to the "relationships between students" and the lowest score was related to the "flexibility of the educational program". "Relations between students" was the highest score among the components (p=0.002). Curriculum flexibility had the lowest score among the components (p=0.000). The results of the study indicated statistically significant differences between the preclinical and clinical students' perceptions of the educational environment (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The educational environment of the school of dentistry had a suitable basic structure but needed to be transformed. Focusing on increasing the flexibility of educational programs, strengthening responsiveness to students' needs (especially in the clinical period), and maintaining existing gender equity can lead to improving the overall quality of educational environment.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted on 114, clinical and pre-clinical students of the Ilam School of Dentistry were enrolled in the study in 2025. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24). Total scores were analyzed using Student's
t-test and the significance level was set at p<0.05.
Results: The results showed that the educational environment of the dental school was in the medium to relatively desirable range in various dimensions, but none of the components reached the excellent level. The highest score was related to the "relationships between students" and the lowest score was related to the "flexibility of the educational program". "Relations between students" was the highest score among the components (p=0.002). Curriculum flexibility had the lowest score among the components (p=0.000). The results of the study indicated statistically significant differences between the preclinical and clinical students' perceptions of the educational environment (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The educational environment of the school of dentistry had a suitable basic structure but needed to be transformed. Focusing on increasing the flexibility of educational programs, strengthening responsiveness to students' needs (especially in the clinical period), and maintaining existing gender equity can lead to improving the overall quality of educational environment.
Amin Shahsavar Mistani, Alireza Babaei Darzi, Mohammad Taghipour, Seyedali Seyedmajidi, Meisam Moradi,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common occupational health problems faced by dentists. Given their impact on dentists’ health and performance, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MSDs among general and specialist dentists practicing in Babol, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the standardized Nordic questionnaire, consisting of general and specific sections, was distributed in person among dentists practicing in Babol, based on data obtained from the local Medical Council. Distribution was carried out after a telephone invitation and confirmation of willingness to participate. The questionnaire included items regarding pain and discomfort in different body regions such as the neck, shoulders, and lower back. The frequency of participants with MSDs was assessed based on gender, right/left handedness, specialty, playing sports, and participating in a specific sport. The mean age, weight, height, body mass index, weekly working hours, and work experience of dentists with and without MSDs were also compared. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22, employing independent t-tests, Chi-square tests, and Fisher’s exact test, with a significance level set at 0.05.
Results: Of the 182 dentists approached, 17 declined participation and 5 met the exclusion criteria. A total of 160 dentists (mean work experience: 15.65 ±9.26 years) were included in the study; of these, 100 (62.5%) were male, 95 (59.4%) were general practitioners, and 65 (40.6%) were specialists. The overall prevalence of MSDs in this population was reported to be 90%. The most commonly affected region was the neck (76.4%), while the least affected was the ankle (3%). A statistically significant association was found between engaging in a specific type of regular physical activity and a reduced incidence of MSDs (P<0.001). No significant associations were observed with other variables such as gender, handedness, specialty, or field of specialization (P>0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were found in the mean height, weight, body mass index, weekly working hours, or years of experience between dentists with and without MSDs (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent among dentists in Babol. Given this high prevalence, the development and implementation of educational programs on ergonomics, along with recommendations for targeted physical activity appear to be essential.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the standardized Nordic questionnaire, consisting of general and specific sections, was distributed in person among dentists practicing in Babol, based on data obtained from the local Medical Council. Distribution was carried out after a telephone invitation and confirmation of willingness to participate. The questionnaire included items regarding pain and discomfort in different body regions such as the neck, shoulders, and lower back. The frequency of participants with MSDs was assessed based on gender, right/left handedness, specialty, playing sports, and participating in a specific sport. The mean age, weight, height, body mass index, weekly working hours, and work experience of dentists with and without MSDs were also compared. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22, employing independent t-tests, Chi-square tests, and Fisher’s exact test, with a significance level set at 0.05.
Results: Of the 182 dentists approached, 17 declined participation and 5 met the exclusion criteria. A total of 160 dentists (mean work experience: 15.65 ±9.26 years) were included in the study; of these, 100 (62.5%) were male, 95 (59.4%) were general practitioners, and 65 (40.6%) were specialists. The overall prevalence of MSDs in this population was reported to be 90%. The most commonly affected region was the neck (76.4%), while the least affected was the ankle (3%). A statistically significant association was found between engaging in a specific type of regular physical activity and a reduced incidence of MSDs (P<0.001). No significant associations were observed with other variables such as gender, handedness, specialty, or field of specialization (P>0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were found in the mean height, weight, body mass index, weekly working hours, or years of experience between dentists with and without MSDs (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent among dentists in Babol. Given this high prevalence, the development and implementation of educational programs on ergonomics, along with recommendations for targeted physical activity appear to be essential.
Marjan Babadi Borujeni, Parisa Ilkhanizadeh, Hiva Ebrahimi,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Mohammad Mehdi Alishahi, Hemmat Gholinia, Meisam Moradi,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Despite the functional and aesthetic benefits, orthodontic treatment is often associated with pain and discomfort that can adversely affect patients’ quality of life. Given the growing emphasis on the patient-reported outcomes in clinical care, this study aimed to investigate the association between the pain intensity caused by orthodontic treatment and orthodontic-related quality of life in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 on patients receiving fixed orthodontic treatment with a metallic MBT system (slot 0.022 inch) at a private clinic in Babol, Iran. A total of 85 patients aged 15–25 years were selected using convenience sampling. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10. Quality of life was evaluated using the persian version of the Orthodontic Quality of Life questionnaire, with a scoring range of 22 to 88. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient in SPSS, with a significance level set at P<0.05.
Results: Among the participants, 72.9% were female, 68.2% were under the age of 20, and 31.8% were aged between 20 and 25 years. The mean pain score was 4.75 ± 1.91, and the mean Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) score was 37.95 ± 9.51. A significant negative correlation was found between the pain intensity and overall OHRQoL, as well as all of its subdomains (oral function, social impact, dentofacial aesthetics, and self-awareness of appearance) (P≤0.001). No statistically significant differences in pain or OHRQoL scores were observed based on gender or age group (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Orthodontic pain has a significant negative impact on patients’ quality of life. Early pain management strategies and supportive interventions during the initial phases of orthodontic treatment can enhance patients’ overall treatment experience and improve compliance.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 on patients receiving fixed orthodontic treatment with a metallic MBT system (slot 0.022 inch) at a private clinic in Babol, Iran. A total of 85 patients aged 15–25 years were selected using convenience sampling. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10. Quality of life was evaluated using the persian version of the Orthodontic Quality of Life questionnaire, with a scoring range of 22 to 88. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient in SPSS, with a significance level set at P<0.05.
Results: Among the participants, 72.9% were female, 68.2% were under the age of 20, and 31.8% were aged between 20 and 25 years. The mean pain score was 4.75 ± 1.91, and the mean Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) score was 37.95 ± 9.51. A significant negative correlation was found between the pain intensity and overall OHRQoL, as well as all of its subdomains (oral function, social impact, dentofacial aesthetics, and self-awareness of appearance) (P≤0.001). No statistically significant differences in pain or OHRQoL scores were observed based on gender or age group (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Orthodontic pain has a significant negative impact on patients’ quality of life. Early pain management strategies and supportive interventions during the initial phases of orthodontic treatment can enhance patients’ overall treatment experience and improve compliance.
Vahid Herandi, Fahimeh Rashidi Maybodi, Fatemeh Karamad,
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Volume 39, Issue 0 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Given the rapid growth of digital technologies in dentistry, assessing dentists’ awareness and attitudes toward this transformation is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and attitudes of general dentists in Yazd-Iran toward digital dentistry in 2025.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 135 general dentists in Yazd-Iran were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected via an online questionnaire including demographic information and the questions related to awareness and attitude. Dat were analyzed using SPSS version 27 and the statistical analysis tests were Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square to examine the variables.
Results: A total of 59 men and 76 women with a mean age of 31.92 ± 7.87 years participated in the study. The mean knowledge score was 7.76 ± 2.77 out of 12. Higher knowledge and a more positive attitude were significantly associated with older age, longer work experience, and male gender (P<0.05). Overall, 74.1% of participants were unaware of the well-known CAD/CAM system, 74.8% were unfamiliar with digital implant software, and 60% did not have adequate knowledge of correct application of intraoral scanners. While, 81.5% reported an overall positive attitude, only 11.9% considered their knowledge to be aligned with modern digital technologies.
Conclusion: General dentists demonstrated a moderate level of awareness and the existing knowledge gaps warrant greater attention in both undergraduate and continuing education. Enhancing knowledge among specific groups-such as younger, less experienced, and female dentists—is essential. Significant differences in attitudes were observed according to the age, gender, and years of professional experience.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 135 general dentists in Yazd-Iran were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected via an online questionnaire including demographic information and the questions related to awareness and attitude. Dat were analyzed using SPSS version 27 and the statistical analysis tests were Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square to examine the variables.
Results: A total of 59 men and 76 women with a mean age of 31.92 ± 7.87 years participated in the study. The mean knowledge score was 7.76 ± 2.77 out of 12. Higher knowledge and a more positive attitude were significantly associated with older age, longer work experience, and male gender (P<0.05). Overall, 74.1% of participants were unaware of the well-known CAD/CAM system, 74.8% were unfamiliar with digital implant software, and 60% did not have adequate knowledge of correct application of intraoral scanners. While, 81.5% reported an overall positive attitude, only 11.9% considered their knowledge to be aligned with modern digital technologies.
Conclusion: General dentists demonstrated a moderate level of awareness and the existing knowledge gaps warrant greater attention in both undergraduate and continuing education. Enhancing knowledge among specific groups-such as younger, less experienced, and female dentists—is essential. Significant differences in attitudes were observed according to the age, gender, and years of professional experience.
Related Websites
Site Keywords
prosthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pediatric dentistry, Periodontology, oral and maxillofacial Radiology, operative dentistry, dental biomaterial, oral medicine, OrthodonticsSite Statistics
- Registered users: 1674 users
- Online users: 1 users
- Guest users: 194 users
- All visits: 6611649 visits
- Visits in 24 Hours: 8627 visits
- Total articles: 1982 articles
- Published articles: 1133 articles
© 2026 , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, CC BY-NC 4.0
Designed & Developed by: Yektaweb