Journal of Dental Medicine

A case involving the rare occurance of hyperparathyroidism in association with neurofibromatosis is reported.Radiographic findings revealed multiple radiolucency which diagnosed as giant cell lesions. Also, high levels of PTH and alkalan phosphatase were found from repeated measurements of the serum.Neurofibromatosis associated with hyperparathyroidism diagnosed in this case report.

This article presents a comparative clinical study of digital imaging, as a new technology, and conventional method for X - Ray absorption in lens and thyroid.Clinical examination was performed on 50 patients with an average of 28 years among the cases who were reffered to the department of rediology, Islamic Azad universiy of IRAN in 1999.Two pocket dosimeters were used to meausre the dose rate. One was placed on the skin of thyroid region and the other on the eyes.The results revealed that the absorbed dose in RVG was significantly lower than conventional method (P<0.0001).Digital imaging, as a new technology, is in a state of rapid development.It is a likely that RVG will substute conventional radiography within the near future.

Lateral and anterior displacements of mandible may cause malocclusion. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these displacements in a population of 597 childrens age 12 in Mashhad secondary schools. Displacment of mandible was shown to be in 11.8 percent of the population (6.2 percent anterior and 5.6 percent lateral displacement).Anterior displacement of mandible was diagnosed in all mandibie lateral displacements. Premature contacts were observed in upper lateral incisors, second premolars and first molar in anterior and lateral displacements, respectively.

Bacteria! plaque is an essential factor of gingival and periodontal disease.The ability of chemical piaque control agent to prevent plaque formation is well documented compare with other mechanical plaque removal methods. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical effects of Shore choice mouth rinse (H2 O2, 0.1%) with a placebo.Following a period of 4 weeks, 20 subjects were allocated to two treatment groups.During this period of time, they rinsed twice a day with either a placebo mouth rinse or the Shor choice.Plaque Index (PI) and bleeding on probing index (BOP) were recorded three days after scaling and root planning. These indecies were rechecked 2 and 4 weeks after rinsing the subject's mouth by mouth rinse and placebo. Results indicated that although there were no significant differences between test and control groups, a reduction of PI and BOP were found in different stages of this study.The clinical data obtained in this study are thus consistent with the previous data, however, care should be taken to extrapolate these results.

Polymerization contraction may produce defects in the composite - tooth bond. This may lead to bond failure and microleakage. The aim of this study was to reduce microleakage of posterior composites using different methods. 45 molar and premolars extracted teeth were choosen. The cavities were randomly assigned into 5 groups of 9. Box-shaped cavities were prepared on each side of proximal surfaces and restored by five different methods. Group 1 was filled by a light-cured composite and dentin bonding agents (DBAs) with light curing from the occlusal area. Group 2 was filled by a light-cured {LC} composite and DBA, in addition the angle between the light source and occlusal area was 45 degree. After conditioning of teeth in-group 3, LC glass ionomer was placed on the gingival floor and then filled by a light-cured composite and DBA. In group 4, after conditioning, the teeth were lined by a LC glass ionomer and then self-cured composite was placed on gingival floor. This group was filled with LC composite. In Group 5 DBA was used followed by placing a self-curing composite on gingival floor and filled by LC composite. The teeth were subjected to 500 thermocycling (5°C and 55°C with dowel time 30 s) and stored in 0.5% basic fushin for 24 hours. Dye penetration was evaluated by light microscope. The results were tested by Kruskat-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by rank. The comparison between treatment groups showed highly significant difference {P<0.0001). No significant difference was found between groups 3 versus 4 and groups 1,2,5 versus 3,4. Group 3 showed the least microleakage score. Therefore least microleakage was obtained by the group which used L C glass ionomer and DBA followed by filling a composite.

The aim of this retrospective statistical study was to determine the prevalcence and frequency of age and sex distributions of pemphigus disease. Pemphigus disease classified as autoimmune bullous dermatoses which is a chronic mucocutaneous disease.This study was performed in Razi Hospital and department of oral pathology of dental school, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The most frequently effected area was buccal moucosa of oral cavity. The most rate of recurrence was found in oral cavity which being more common in middle age females (25-44 years).

: One of the main aspects of orthodontic treatments is hard and soft tissue changes and their effects on patients appearance.Fixed orthodontic treatment with extraction of upper first premolars to camulfalge of ci II malocclusion is very common,however there is not sufficient studies about lip and incisors changes after this procedure. For evaluating of vertical changes of upper, lip and incisors following retraction of upper incisors, fifteen adult Iranian patients aged 15 to 24 years who sought treatment for their CI II DI malocclusion were treated. Standard edgewise technique(0.018") following extraction of four first premolars were used.A cephaiometric study was undertaken to determine the vertical change in upper incisors and upper lip. For this evaluation, thirty linear and angular measurements were utilized.Results show that: 1- The upper incisors were intruded (X=0.83mm).2- The upper lip length was increased(X~1.2mm).3- The occlusal plane, rotated upward (Anteinclination).4- The palatal plane rotated downward and backward (Retroinclination).This study shows that the standard edgwise appliance has the capacity of reduction of incisor protrusion significantly without extruding them.

Periodontitis affected root surfaces are hypermineralized and contaminated with cytotoxic and other biologically active substances.The instrumented surface will inervitably be coverd by a smear layer following root planing with or without flap.Smear layer is resistant to saline rinsing, but may be removed with agents such as acids (e.g.citric acid), tetracyclines, EDTA, and laser.Low pH aqueous solutions such as citric acid have been used in surgical periodontal therapy mainly for two reasons, It dissolves smear layer after a relatively short exposure time and it has been claimed to selectively remove root surface associated mineral exposing collagen to varying degrees. A root surface coated with collagen appears to be a preferred surface for fibroblast attachment, a cellular event fundamental to successful periodontal wound healing.Several studies indicate the potential of tetracycline (TTE-HCL) in periodontal regeneration. Its acidic pH suggest that it can be used as a demineralization agent and removing the smear layer and exposing collagen matrix of the dentin.Chalating agent (EDTA) working at neutral pH appears preferable with respect to preserving the integrity of exposed collagen fibers, early colonization, and wound healing. In addition, etching at neutral pH has been reported preserve adjacent tissue- vitality, while etching at low pH necrotizes the fiap and adjacent periodontium.Clinical and subclinical studies have demonstrated laser waves can remove calculus and bacterial plaque and pocket epithelium and strile the root surface and can expose the dentin collagen and dentinal tublules, and leads to pronounce reducing of probing depth around teeth diseased with periodontitis.

Resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (F.P.D) can be used for conservative treatment of partially edentulous patients. There are numerous studies regarding the strength of resin composite bond to base meta! alloys. Shear bond strength of three resin systems were invistigated. In this study these systems consisted of: Panavia Ex, Mirage FLC and Marathon V. Thirty base metal specimens were prepared from rexillium III alloy and divided into three groups. Then each group was bonded to enamel of human extracted molar teeth with these systems. All of specimens were stored in water at 37ac for 48 hours. A shear force was applied to each specimen by the instron universal testing machine. A statistical evaluation of the data using one-way analysis of variance showed that there was highly significant difference (P<0.01)between the bond strengths of these three groups.The base metal specimens bonded with panavia Ex luting agent, exhibited the highest mean bond strength. Shear bond strength of the specimens bonded to enamel with Mirage F1C showed lower bond strenght than panavia EX. However, the lowest bond strength was obtained by the specimens bonded with Marathon V.

In recent years many patients have been received radiotherapy for head and neck tumors and a large number of them have been survived for some years.The side effects of radiotherapy in oral region are mucositis, ulcers, fungal and viral infections and salivary glands dysfunction. Among these, mucositis is the most important one.A randomized double blind clinical trial was performed in radiotherapy department of Tehran Imam Khomeini Hospital to determine chamomile mouth rinse effects on mucositis after radiotherapy.The patients are selected randomly from those with oral oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal cancers.Data showed that chamomile administration could decrease mucositis rate significantly,

Characterization of bioceramics coating and evaluation of the influence of kind of coating on the implantation has been developed in recent years.Different bioceramics coating like calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and bioglass were coated on dental and orthopedic implants. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments were done for evolution of implant success and reliability and study of factors, which may influence the results.Researches indicate that different bioceramic coating may affect the bone bonding mechanism.Biodegredable calcium phosphate coating can be resorbed and be replaced with bone tissues.Hydroxyapatite cause earlier stabilization of dental implant in surrounding bone (biological fixation) and reduce healing time. Bioglass can protect substrate and provide interfacial attachment to bone.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (P.G.C.G) is an exophytic lesion with an approximate size of 0.5-1.5 mm. It usually occurs on gingival and alveolar ridge of mandible particularly in molar and premolar region. The relation of serum calcium (Ca), Phosphor (P), and alkaline phosphatase (Alk) levels to P.G.C.G is yet controversial. In this descriptive study, 33 patients with P.G.C.G were chosen and serum Ca, P, and Alk levels compared with the normal range. In all patients the level of Ca was in the normal range. Phosphor (P) was in the normal range in all patients over 17 years old and 80% under 17 years. The level of ALK in 75.8 percent of the patients over 17 years and 90% under 17 years was in the normal range. In conclusion, no relationship was found between serum changes and P.G.C.G. It means P.G.C.G can be compeletly independent lesions from serum changes.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of palatal expansion in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Enuresis still remains a problem experienced by children and the reason is unclear.Finding a final solution is being sought by the medical profession.Nocturnal enuresis may lead to numerous physical and emotional problems. Currently available treatment options showed satisfactory results in some cases.A treatment sample of 6 boys and 4 girls who ranged in age from 6 to 9 years were selected.Research showed that with palatal expansion (4-7 mm), patients could breath through their nose rathe their mouth as a result, enuresis is reduced significantly.

: 32 patients were entered in randomized double blind clinical research. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A(18 patients) were given a single dose of 20 mg Piroxicam one hour pre-surgery. Group B(14 patients) were received 325 mg Acetaminophen every six hours immediately after surgery. The mouth opening was measured pre-surgical treatment. Pain relief was evaluated in both groups lsl and 8th hour after surgery. The mouth opening was measured lsl and 7,b day after surgery. The results showed that the analgesic effects of Piroxicam were higher than acetaminophen, however, the comparison of trismus means revealed no significant difference.

Preservation of bone-implant interface is vital for maintaining of implant treatment. There are some cases in which crown to fixture ratio is increased due to loss of residual ridge. In this condition knowledge of stresses acting over alveolar bone is important in regard to prognosis of treatment. In this study three different crown to fixture ratios evaluated under lateral forces considering stresses generated in the alveolar bone around the implant.Three different models of crown to implant ratios were designed in a single-tooth implant at anterior maxilla.Model No. 1 with ratio of 1:1, model No. 2 (1.5:1) and model No. 3 (2:1) were designed. Then, the differences between stresses under two horizontal loads (70 and 100 Newton) were analyzed by three-dimensional finite element analysis. Principal normal stresses and Vonmises stress were measured in this study.Results indicated that stress concentration were mainly at the crestal bone.Highest stresses were obtained in third model (2:1 ratio), which was approximately twice as first model (1:1) ratio.

Clinical healing following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in intrabony pockets using a polyurethane membrane was compared to healing following gingival flap surgery (GFS).Ten patients with adult periodontitis and the presence of intrabony defects were selected. Oral hygenic
treatments were performed during a 4- weeks period prior to surgery.One intrabony defects on each patient was randomly chosen to be treated according to the guided tissue regeneration (GTR) procedure. The other side received the control treatment GFS. Test group received the GTP treatment including polyurethane membrane after reflecting the flap and curettage of defect.However, flap surgery and curettage were done in control group.The patients were evaluated for changes in probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL),recession changes in crestai resorting, and defect bone fill. Clinical examinations were performed again 6 months post operatively.The average of (PD), (CAL) and defect depth (DD) before surgery in test group was 3.23, 13.87 and 7.3 mm respectively and in control group was 3.1, 8.9, 7.4 mm. After 6 months the average of (PD), (CAL) and (DD) was 1.69, 1.68, 3.5 mm, respectively and in control group was 1.24, 1.09, and 2.90mm.Test group and control group showed successful results in treatment of intrabony defects. Test group showed better results than control. No significant difference was observed between two treatment procedures from the point of view of pocket depth reduction, attachment gain, and recession.The bony fill and crestai resorption results suggest similar clinical potential of GTR procedures
compared to GFS in treatment of intrabony pocket. However, in order to gain future insight, larger samples and longer observation periods should be evaluated.

: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic and common disease of the oral mucosa, which its etiology, phathogenesis and exact treatment is not definitely known. T-cell mediated immunity is the most probable factor in pathogenesis of OLP. Since TNF-a primarily, as a cytokine, interfers T-Cel mediated immunopathologic reactions, it may also interfere with pathogenesis of OLP.In an observational case- control study, the values of TNF-a in serum of OLP patients were measured and compared with the values of healthy cases. 30 OLP patients and 30 healthy controls have examined with ELISA technique. Data was obtained by observation questionnaire and examination.The mean value of TNF-a in case and control groups were 26.2 and 7.9 pg/ml, respectively, which showed significant difference (PO.005).Considering the TNF-a values with respect to sex and age did not show any significant difference,however the lower TNF-a value was obtained with increasing the age, and higher value observed in females. Higher values of TNF-a found in OLP patients compared with control group. It means TNF-a is an effective factor in OLP. Due to these findings new treatment protocols have been suggested.

Up to now, no complete study was carried out about the prevalence and location of periapical granuloma and radicular cysts from the point of view of clinical symptoms (e.g. pain and swelling fistula) in Iran. The data was collected from the files available in the Department of Pathology, faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. With a consideration on different therapeutic methods. a proper method was selected. Radicular cyst occurred in 59.3 percent of 324 cases while 45.7 percent were granuloma. The most common incidence of these lesions was in the range of 24-25 years old. The most common location of lesions was the maxillary anterior. Sinus tracts occurred in 74 of all cases. 47.3 percent of these patients have been previously received root canal therapy. It is noticeable that 24 percent of all patients were treated endodontically before surgery. Higher incidence of granuloma occurred in small lesions while cysts were more common in large lesions. 232 of all cases showed one of the clinical symptoms, 16% pain, 35.8% swelling and 22.8% fistula. No symptoms were found in 92 cases.

Over 20 years, several analytical approaches have been designed to predict caries in children.Caries Risk Assessment is a recently developed technique concern to caries prediction.This procedure involves three stages as follows:1- Determination and assessment of the dental caries risk factors.2- Examination and evaluation of each individual child to be specifically diagnosed the level of 3- caries risk e.g. high, moderate and low risk.3- Recommendation of preventive programs according to risk assessment.Because children vary widely in their ability to develop cavities, a well-organized program holds great promise for promoting dental heath for pre-school children of varying caries risk. This article considered a series of principals that dentist can use in case planning, management and prevention programs according to risk assessment.

Dental enamel is the end product of amelogenesis, which can be considered to take place in three interrelated phases. When this complex sequence of cytological and physicochemica! events disrupted by genetic or environmental factors, the function of the ameloblasts may be disrupted permanently or temporarily. The result shows qualitative and quantitative defects that may range from a complete absence of enamel or a slight discoloration. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enamel defects by DDE index in a randomly selection group of 1637 students age 7-12 years old in Isfahan (0.2-0.3 PPMF"). Enamel defects were present on one or more teeth in 27% of the cases. The most common affected tooth was the central maxillary and then first molar of maxilla. The most common affected surfaces were buccal. Hypoplastic defects were found in first molar however premolar and canine were affected by diffuse white lines opacity.