Showing 962 results for Subject: general
Nazanin Kamyab, Mahmood Sheikh Fathollahi, Azadeh Khaleghi, Zohreh Mordouei,
Volume 32, Issue 3 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Saliva is the first body fluid that is exposed to the free radicals found in cigarette smoke. Antioxidant substances in saliva, such as vitamin C, play an important role in the defense mechanism against free radicals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin C on the total antioxidant capacity of saliva in smokers.
Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 60 healthy male smokers who referred to the dental clinic in Rafsanjan in 2017. Individuals were randomly divided into three groups. The first and second groups received 500 and 1000 mg of vitamin C boiling tablets for three weeks. The third group did not receive any vitamin C supplements. The total antioxidant capacity of saliva was measured using an antioxidant kit and an ELISA reader. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple comparisons test.
Results: The results showed that the mean total antioxidant capacity of saliva after the intervention was found statistically significant among groups (P<0.001). However, the mean total antioxidant capacity of saliva did not differ in the groups receiving 500 and 1000 mg of vitamin C (P=0.420).
Conclusion: The results showed that taking vitamin C increased the total antioxidant capacity of saliva in smokers.
Sareh Habibzadeh, Mina Khayamzadeh, Asal Moravej, Afagh Tavasoli,
Volume 32, Issue 3 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Xerostomia is a clinical condition that can affect the quality and quantity of saliva. Saliva is considered an important factor in retention of edentulous patient’s denture wearers. Thus, increasing the prevalence of xerostomia in modern societies is considered a limiting factor in the quality of denture retention. This article reviews the most common techniques of denture manufacturing in edentulous patients with xerostomia and investigates the advantages versus disadvantages of each.
Materials and Methods: In this review, PubMed and google scholar search engines were searched for the following keywords: Flexible Denture, Artificial Saliva Reservoir, Hyposalivation, Hypofunction, and Xerostomia. We evaluated the flexible dentures and dentures with artificial saliva reservoirs in both jaws along with their advantages and disadvantages. 10 articles, specifically discussing complete denture fabrication in patients were selected.
Conclusion: Follow-up results showed that the flexible dentures and split dentures with saliva reservoirs to be effective in improving the quality of life of these patients and therefore can be a considered as a successful treatment option in the prosthetic rehabilitation of these patients.
Sahar Balanian, Masood Mirzaee, Sara Jambarsang, Seyyed Abass Sadat Hosseini,
Volume 32, Issue 3 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Regarding the high prevalence of caries and oral dental diseases, especially in the elderly, and the increasing attention of people to using the concept of quality of life, this study was conducted to determine the relation between oral and dental health and the quality of life in elderly people in Yazd.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Yazd Public Health Survey (YAHS) with a sample of 9293 people, in 1393-94. All information was collected from 1907 elderly people aged between 60 to 70 years, including quality of life and oral and dental indexes from the comprehensive questionnaire of YAHS. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and Spearman correlation coefficient using SPSS16 software.
Results: There was a significant relationship between the quality of life and oral hygiene (P<0.01). Also, the score of quality of life and oral health was significantly related to education (P<0.01).
Conclusion: This study showed the positive relation between the oral health the quality of life. In addition, there was a quality of life level in the elderly people with poor oral hygiene.
Hoseinali Mahgoli, Rezvaneh Ghazanfari, Mahdi Mirmohammadi, Davoud Zare, Mahnaz Arshad,
Volume 32, Issue 3 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and aims: Solubility is an important property of luting cements in determining clinical durability. The aim of this study was to compare the solubility of Panavia, Calibra and Maxcem resin cements with that of GC Fuji PLUS resin modified glass ionomer cement in three different pH values.
Materials and Methods: A total of 96 specimens were prepared (8mm diameter, 4mm thickness) according to manufacturer instructions. After setting, they were desiccated and weighed. The specimens were kept immersed in distilled water and lactic acid solution (pH values of 3 and 5) for 30 days and then removed and weighed again. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS18 using two-way ANOVA with P≤0.05 set as the level of significance.
Results: The results of this study showed no significant difference between three pH values (P=0.08). The Calibra resin cement had the lowest value of solubility in distilled water and both pH of lactic acid. GC Fuji PLUS resin modified glass ionomer cement had the highest value of solubility in lactic acid and the Maxcem resin cement had the highest value of solubility in water.
Conclusion: The solubility characteristics of resin modified glass ionomer and three different resin cements were significantly affected by their composition and the storage condition.
Azam Ahmadian Yazdi, Samareh Mortazavi, Hosein Saeedi Moghaddam,
Volume 32, Issue 3 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Dental diagnosis may be affected by the occurrence of the errors in the intra-oral radiographic images and the patients’ treatment plan can be problematic in these cases. The repetition of these radiographs increases the risks of radiation exposure for the patients in turn. The present study assessed the incidences of common periapical radiographic errors taken by dental students in oral and maxillofacial radiology department of Mashhad dental school in 2017.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 1470 periapical radiographs prepared by student during a semester of 2017 were collected and evaluated. Radiographic observations were done and the incidence of conventional radiographic errors were determined. Finally, the frequency and percentage of radiographic errors were determined based on the type of radiography sex, the age of the patient, and the history of radiography. Then, results were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and SPSS19 (P=0.05).
Results: Film placement (27.2%), cone-cut (27.2%), elongation (13.2%) and horizontal angle (10.9%) were reported as the most common radiographic errors. The repetition rate of the radiographs was 2.9%; among them, the highest errors were Cone-cut errors in the upper jaw
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the most radiographic errors included film position and Cone-cut errors and these two errors were the most frequent cause of repetitive radiographies that required the provision of specific training for the prevention of these errors.
Abdolrahim Davari, Alireza Daneshkazemi, Mahsan Sheshmani, Haleh Karami, Elham Motallebi,
Volume 32, Issue 3 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The bleaching agents can lead to color and translucency changes in composite resins. Due to the increasing use of the nano composites and the silorane-based composites, this study aimed at examining the color and translucency changes of these restorations after bleaching agents.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental - laboratory study, 198 composite discs were divided into three groups of 66 specimens using three types of composite: the microhybrid composite Z250, the nanohybrid composite Z350 and the silorane-based composite P90. After acid etching, half of the specimens in each group were covered by a resin rebounding agent. Then, the color and translucency assessment was done by reflectance spectrophotometer, using CIE LAB system. Each group was divided into three subgroups of bleaching agents: the 40% hydrogen peroxide and 20% carbamide peroxide bleaching agents and the control group. After applying bleaching agents, the final color and translucency changes were assessed. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests.
Results: The effect of composite and bleaching agent type and bonding agent were significant (P<0.001). The color changes in the microhybrid composite were higher than nanohybrid and silorane-based composites (P<0.001) (∆E>3.3). Also, the color changes by 20% carbamide peroxide were higher than that of hydrogen peroxide and control groups (P<0.001). The results of translucency changes were generally consistent with color-change measurements (∆E>3.3).
Conclusion: According to the present study, the most color changes appeared in the microhybrid composite and by 20% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent. Rebound samples were generally less affected by bleaching agents. The least color and translucency changes were related to nanohybrid composites.
Jalil Modaresi, Hamid Reza Hemati, Mehri Esfandyar, Mohammad Hosein Yousefi,
Volume 32, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Various methods to induce anesthesia have been investigated in situations where the primary inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injections fail. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of synergic effects of anesthetic injection of prilocaine supplemental with that of lidocaine anesthesia in teeth with irreversible pulpitis.
Materials and Methods: This study was a parallel-controlled clinical trial on 58 patients with one mandibular molar tooth having irreversible pulpitis. The first anesthesia was injected with an inferior alveolar block with 2% lidocaine anesthesia. Patients who failed pulpal anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups; case and control groups. In the case group, IANB was injected with 3% prilocaine, and in the control group with 2% lidocaine anesthesia. Anesthesia after the second injection was evaluated by three methods of numerical evaluation of the patient's response to Electric Pulp Tester (EPT), the severity of the patient's response to the cold test, and the extent of pain during the onset of access cavity latency on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Statistical analysis was performed using T-test and Mann-Whitney tests.
Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of depth of anesthesia (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was no difference between 2% lidocaine and 3% prilocaine in the depth of supplemental IANB anesthesia after failure of first IANB in mandibular molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis.
Ali Dehghani Nazhvani, Mahboobeh Razmkhah, Amirreza Jassbi, Mohammadreza Khademalizadeh, Afsoon Mahmoodi,
Volume 32, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent oral cancers with increased risk in individuals younger than 40 years especially in developed countries. There are many evidences that people who have plenty of fruits and vegetables in their diets tend to have lower risk of cancer. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer effect of four medicinal plants of Otostegia Persica, Otostegia Michauxii, Otostegia Aucheri, and Hibiscus Sabdariffa on OSCC cell lines.
Materials and Methods: In this study, methanolic & dichloromethane extracts of the above medicinal plants were used in order to evaluate their effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line in different concentrations and after 24 , 48 and 72 hrs by MTT assay test. Finally, the appropriate concentration for repeating the test were chosen.
Results: In this study, the mean amounts of IC50 for O. persica and O. Aucheri were less than the two other herbs and the least and most amount of IC50 were related to the dicloromethanolic extract of O. persica after 72 hrs and the water extract of H. sabdariffa after 24 hrs, respectively.
Conclusion: It was concluded that all of the plants evaluated especially O.Persica and O.Aucheri had anticancer properties and dichloromethalonic extracts of these plant were more effective than that of methanolic extract.
Pooya Jannati, Mohammad Ebrahimi Saravi, Tahmineh Bamdadian, Farhad Sobouti, Sahar Cheperli, Jamshid Yazdani Charati, Nasrin Khaki, Sahba Amini, Abbas Mesgarani,
Volume 32, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: One of the most important challenges for dentists is providing a crown with appropriate marginal fit and gap. The 135-degree tooth preparation found to have some advantages such as technical ease and appropriate finish line record. Despite the advantages of 135-degree tooth preparation, scant research has been done in this area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare 135-degree and deep chamfer tooth preparation on the marginal fit and marginal gap of posterior metal-ceramic crowns.
Materials and Methods: Deep chamfer and 135-degree tooth preparation were performed on the two first mandibular molars with healthy coronal tissue and similar size. Impression was taken from each tooth and 30 crowns were made on each die. The sample plastered with fit checkers were pressed under the force of 40 N for 3 min in a universal testing machine. They were measured and recorded under a loop with 40x power in three points on each aspect. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests using SPSS version 24.
Results: The mean marginal fit values in deep chamfer and 135-degree were 48.5417µm and 55.3333 µm, respectively with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). While the mean marginal gap in deep chamfer (2.4833 µm) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than 135-degree (1.0083).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the marginal gap by 135-degree’s tooth preparation was lower than that of deep chamfer in metal-ceramic crowns. However, no significant difference in the marginal fit between the deep chamfer and 135-degree tooth preparation was found.
Mohsen Shirazi, Shiva Shadmand, Behzad Salari,
Volume 32, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Nasal obstruction is a common condition among children, in which delaying treatment can stabilize its negative effects on dentoalveolar structures during adulthood. In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of total nasal obstruction on the craniofacial structures of rabbits.
Materials and Methods: In this animal study, total numbers of 44 rabbits with high genetic proximity were selected. Several metal implants were inserted in the anatomic landmarks of their skulls and then underwent three different types of x-ray exposure (lateral, posterior-anterior and occlusal views). Half of them underwent surgically assisted total nasal obstruction, and the other half were considered as control group. All rabbits were kept in the same environment up to maturation period. Then, they underwent the same x-ray exposures. The primary and final radiographs were traced and various linear and angular were compared between them.
Results: The anterior facial height (P=0.01), maxillary depth (P=0.005), articular angle (P=0.005), maxillary and mandibular plan angle were significantly more in the rabbits with total nasal obstruction. However, the interdental width (P=0.005), maxillary perimeter (P=0.005), nasopharyngeal width (P=0.01) and maxillary and mandibular width were significantly less in them. The skull base length (P=0.30), gonial angle (P=0.40), and maxillary length (P=0.10) were not significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusion: Total nasal obstruction had various impacts on the craniofacial structures.
Fereshteh Abbaspour, Mahdia Gholami, Katayoun Sargeran,
Volume 32, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Dental caries is a multifactorial and common disease that leads to a decrease in the quality of life of individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D and dental caries in the third year-to-last year students of dental school of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 123 dental students. Demographic and health information were completed through a checklist. The level of vitamin D in individuals was measured by blood sampling. We recorded caries by ICDAS (international caries detection and assessment system) in two levels of D(1-6)MFT (total of decayed, filled and missing tooth) and D(3-6)MFT (total of progressive decayed, filled and missing tooth). Data analysis was done by the SPSS package version 25 using statistical tests of correlation and regression.
Results: The results showed that the correlation coefficient between vitamin D and caries index D(1-6)MFT was -0.89 with a P-value of 0.3328 which was not statistically significant. Based on the backward logistic regression, there was a positive significant statistical association between the D(3-6)MFT with vitamin D deficiency (P<0.001), weight (P=0.012), dental visit (P=0.023) and frequency of sweet snack consumption (P=0.03). In addition a significant and inverse statistical association was reported between the D(3-6)MFT and milk consumption (P=0.026).
Conclusion: Among dentistry students, no relation between vitamin D deficiency and early stages of decay was seen, however this relation was statistically significant in regard with progressive dental caries.
Shirin Taravati, Parnia Mahootchi,
Volume 32, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Considering the role of primary teeth in children's dental health and the importance of parental role on children dental health the purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and practice of parents of 3-9 year-old children regarding to maintaining primary teeth.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the parents referring to Ahwaz dental school in 2017. Using a questionnaire, the participants' demographic characteristics, knowledge and performance regarding maintaining of the primary molars were collected. The percentage of correct responses was considered as the level of knowledge and performance. Analysis of K-square and Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficient and T-test were employed to determine the relationship between the participants' knowledge and performance and their demographic variables. The significance level was P<0.05.
Results: 176 parents completed the questionnaire. The mean parental knowledge score was 57.42±7.45
(range 15-75), and the mean practice score was, 9.42±1.86 (range 4-12). No relationship was found between the parents’ age, sex, knowledge, and performance. The knowledge of parents who had a history of referral to the dentist, fewer children (rs=0.428), higher education (rs=0.490) and higher income (r=0.226) was significantly better (P<0.001). Also practice increases with higher awareness of parents (r=0.549) (P<0.001). The parents’ practice was significantly related to the history of referral to the dentist, and having fewer children (rs=0.320), higher education (rs=0.369), and higher income (r=0.253) (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the knowledge and practice of the parents about primary teeth were moderate. Regarding the important role of primary teeth in children's health, increasing the parents’ knowledge on the maintenance of primary teeth is essential.
Seyed Hamid Jamaldini, ,
Volume 32, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Advances of genetic science in genomic techniques have led introducing new diagnostic systems to study the diseases or treatment efficacies. In this science, which named “Personalized Medicine”, human genetic structure is used for evaluation of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Regarding the limited number of studies regarding this issue in Oral & Maxillofacial diseases, this study was aimed to evaluate the benefits and challenges of this new area (Personalized Medicine) in dental treatments.
Materials and Methods: In this study, complete evaluation of abilities and challenges in order to apply the “Personalized Dentistry” in Dental treatments, and also its effect on oral health indexes were done. All the existing related articles were searched with the relevant key words in the scientific data bases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, SID and Magiran. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 articles were selected, assessed and summarized.
Results: In the evaluated articles, the benefits of “Personalized Dentistry” in dental treatments as targeted and specialized treatment could result in lower time, energy and cost. In addition, its disadvantage as unknown biologic effective factors and also, the cross effects of some of the above items on each other and the treatment procedures were mentioned.
Conclusion: Regarding the specialized sciences and diagnostic tools for oral & maxillofacial disease, the benefits of “Personalized Dentistry” application can be increased for special treatments of patients. Also, it could reduce the side effects of conventional therapies and thus, could be introduced as an effective step for better dental treatments.
Seyyed Amirhossein Mirhashemi, Sahar Jahangiri, Mina Mahdavi Moghaddam, Rashin Bahrami,
Volume 32, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: All metal components of orthodontic appliances are somewhat corroded in the oral environment due to some changes in chemical, mechanical, thermal, microbiological and enzymatic factors which facilitates ion release. Ionic release can result in a discoloration of the surrounding soft tissue or allergic reactions in sensitive patients or even local pain in the area. In general, ions can cause toxic and biological side effects if their values reach the threshold, so the release of ions from the metal components of orthodontic appliances is important to us. The aim of this review article to determine the rate of orthodontic appliances ion release in different solutions.
Materials and Methods: A review of the literature was carried out in Pubmed, Google Scholare and Web of science database using selected key words (Saliva/ Titanium/Normal Saline/ Ion release Orthodontic appliance/Mouth wash/ Nickel/ Chromium). These searches were limited to the articles published from 2005 to 2018. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 articles were obtained.
Results: Because of conflicts in the reported results, it was necessary to synchronize the measurement methods and also to use artificial saliva medium with normal pH as a control to achieve better systematic comparison.
Conclusion: There was significant differences in the ion release between mouthwashes. In all studies, the effect of pH and acidity has been shown to increase the release of these ions. In addition, stainless steel (SS) instruments had the least biocompatibility among all types of alloys evaluated.
Neda Karghahi, Saeedeh Khalesi, Kamyar Safaeepour, Ehsan Hekmatian, Hoda Jafari,
Volume 33, Issue 4 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Human ergonomics or engineering with proper design and change of work and requirements creates the most productivity based on human physiology. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of awareness of dental students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences about the basic principles of ergonomics in dentistry.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical, sectional study, a questionnaire containing 10 questions was distributed and completed by easy sampling method among 74 final year students of the general doctorate of Isfahan school of dentistry. After collecting the questionnaires, the students were given an educational pamphlet. To evaluate the questionnaires, each correct answer was given a score of one and the wrong answers were given a score of zero. Data were analyzed by T-test, Kai Square, and Mann-Whitney statistical tests using SPSS23 software. P<0.05 was considered as a significant level. P<0.05 was considered as a significant level.
Results: The average score of the knowledge of principles of ergonomics was intermediate (6.23±1.25). Student knowledge was not significantly different based on the student gender (P=0.25) and academic semester (P=0.059). Also, 55% of students had a history of muscle pain that did not have a significant relationship with gender (P=0.258) and average score of the knowledge (P=0.288).
Conclusion: Unfortunately, ergonomics cannot be considered part of the principles of dental education and even later. Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most common complaints of dentists and is a factor in reducing their quality and function. Therefore, it seems that training and evaluation of ergonomic principles in dental education is necessary.
Noushin Khandan Dezfuli, Majid Sadeghpour, Mojgan Sarabi Nobakht, Elham Estabarghi, Kumarss Amini,
Volume 34, Issue 0 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Periodontitis is a common and inflammatory infectious disease that causes damage to the tissues supporting the tooth and consequent tooth loss. Periodontal disease is a multimicrobial and multifactorial disease and important anaerobic bacteria are involved in periodontal infection. TGF-1β is one of the growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines that play a crucial role in the repair of periodontal lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate Tetra Arms-PCR with high sensitivity and specificity, which can be used to evaluate the genomic polymorphism among oral samples and show the relationship between TGF-1β and periodontal disease.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a case-control study in the periodontology department of Kerman Dental School. Sampling was done from 100 samples including 50 healthy individuals and 50 patients with microbial periodontal infection. Genotype was analyzed using DNA extracted from the blood of patients by PCR -ARMs-Tetra to determine the relationship between TGF-1β genomic polymorphism and periodontitis. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS19 software and one-way ANOVA.
Results: The samples were culture positive, therefore, more than 65% of the isolated bacteria were anaerobic which included: Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus anaerobic. The results of Tetra PCR ARMs after sequence frequency were genotype CC allele (25%), CT allele (20%), TT allele (5%). Percentage of control group were CC allele (20%), CT allele (24%), and TT allele (6%). The frequency of C and T alleles in the patient group was 70% and 30%, and in the control group 63% and 37%, respectively with no significant difference between two groups (P=0.83). |
Conclusion: According to the results of this study and the application of anaerobic conditions, forced anaerobic bacteria can be isolated from clinical specimens of oral infections and by Tetra Arms-PCR no significant relationship between TGF-1β genomic polymorphism and periodontitis was observed. In addition, therer was no significant difference in the frequency of alleles and genotypes between the control and patient groups.
Parastou Safania, Raha Barahmand, Amir Mohammad Safania,
Volume 34, Issue 0 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Due to the prevalence of corona virus and restrictions on access to health care in the community, there are clearly many concerns and problems for the lives of people, especially the elderly. Older people are at higher risk for this type of virus than the other ages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of dental services for the elderly during the corona outbreak and to provide solutions related to oral health of the elderly during the corona virus pandemic.
Materials and Methods: The present review study was performed and the selected keywords were: coronavirus and dentistry, dentistry and the elderly, corona and the elderly. Articles were selected based on findings and related texts. English language articles were selected using Google Scholar, Science direct, PubMed and Research Gate search engines. Sources were reviewed between January 2019 and October 2020. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles were reviewed.
Results: Research findings showed that most studies have pointed to the importance of mobile and tele-dentistry. In a coronary pandemic, it is very important to correctly diagnose the patient's problems and determine the best type of treatment for the elderly. In addition, the elderly should be prevented from entering the unnecessary dental treatments. |
Conclusion: Many elderly people avoid the treatment of oral diseases during coronavirus pandemic due to fear of coronavirus, high dental costs, lack of access to appropriate services, and this causes irreparable problems in their health. Therefore, it is recommended to provide practical solutions to facilitate the dental treatment of elderly patients.
Maryam Mohammadi Nodeh, Majid Beshkar, Mohammad Javad Kharazi Fard,
Volume 34, Issue 0 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Fractures of the facial bones and jawbones could cause functional problems along with social and cosmetic problems. Various factors (including road accidents, assault, falling from height, sport injuries, and getting hit by a hard object) could cause these fractures. Collecting and reporting accurate epidemiologic data regarding the facial fractures are major steps toward planning preventive measures. The aim of this study was to collect the epidemiologic data regarding maxillofacial fractures in two referral centers (Shariati and Sina hospitals) in the city of Tehran.
Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional retrospective investigation. All the necessary data were collected from the patients’ files and analyzed using SPSS 25.
Results: The present study pursued data of 454 trauma admitted patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery wards of Shariati and Sina hospitals in 1397 and 1398. These data showed that a number of 374 patients of all patients were men and the other 80 were women. The ratio of male patients to female patients was 4.5:1. In 290 of cases (64%), the fractures occurred as combined fractures and in 164 cases (36%), the fractures occurred as single fracture. These fractures happened mostly in the mandibular bone and in mandibular body, and the least of these fractures happened in Orbit. This study showed that there was a significant relation (with 95% confidence level) between the mandibular body fractures and mandibular angle fractures. This study also showed that there was another significant relation (with 95% confidence level) between the mandibular angle fractures and LeFort 2 fractures. In addition, this study also showed (by using k2 exam) a relation between the etiology of trauma and the number of fractures.
Conclusion: This present study showed that the maxillofacial fractures happened mostly in men much more than women. If we put motorcycle accidents and car accidents in a group together called road accidents, the most common etiology of maxillofacial fractures is road accidents. The results showed that the most fractures happened in the age range of 15-25 year old.
Zahra Borna, Azad Jamei, Mojtaba Ghorbanian, Saman Taram,
Volume 35, Issue 0 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of ergonomics during dental treatment among students of Urmia university of medical sciences in 2020.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, self-administered questionnaires were given to 78 dental students of Urmia University in 2020 and the knowledge, attitude, and practice of every participant were evaluated. Demographic data including sex, age, and University grade were recorded as well. Data were analyzed by SPSS software24 with One Way ANOVA and t-test and the significance level of P<0.05.
Results: 78 students (44 males and 34 female) by Mean Age 23.9±2.12 were included in the study. The difference between the attitudes of different age groups was significant (P=0.006). The age group of 20 to 24 years had a more positive attitude than other age groups. However, the results of this study did not show a significant r elationship between the participants' knowledge and practice with their age (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to this study, the knowledge, attitude and practice of Urmia dental students were in the desired range. 20-24 year students had significantly higher attitude in comparison to others. Therefore, more endeavors should be taken to improve these parameters in ergonomics.
Parichehr Behfarnia, Omid Fakheran, Zahra Zargar,
Volume 35, Issue 0 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The 2019 coronavirus pandemic has resulted in a lot of pressure on health systems around the world. The risk of transmission of infection in dentistry is significantly high. The aim of this study was to evaluate Covid-19 protection knowledge and practice of dentists in Isfahan in clinical environment.
Materials and Methods: In this study which was performed in April 2021 by available sampling method, an online questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Questions included demographic characteristics, knowledge of proper protective protocols, protection protocols taken against Covid-19, and the prevalence of Covid-19 infection. Descriptive and analytical analyzes were performed using SPSS26 software including frequency distribution tables, graphs, independent t-test, and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients.
Results: 310 questionnaires were collected with complete answers. 87.4% of dentists had moderate and high knowledge of proper protective protocols against Covid-19. The mean knowledge score had no significant relationship with the demographic characteristics of age (P=0.59), gender (P=0.31 and r=0.05), work experience (P=0.16 and r=0.07) and degree (0.33=P). In the pandemic period, 87% of dentists treated dental emergencies and 40% delayed the dental treatment for patients with high risk of Covid-19. Dentists used personal protective equipment correctly. Among all the included dentists, 75% used high protection masks, 75% used face shields, 67% used hats, and 60% used sterile gowns in all of their treatment activities. The clinical environment was equipped well to prevent spreading of Covid-19. The results showed that 55.8% of the participants had one or more similar signs/symptoms of Covid-19 and 9% had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test during the last months.
Conclusion: The majorities of dentists had enough knowledge of proper protective protocols against Covid-19 and efficiently used all protections while performing dental procedures.
