Journal of Dental Medicine

Background and Aims: Candida is an opportunistic pathogen that causes illness in people with a defective or weakened condition. Infectious diseases (periodontal diseases) are inflammatory and malignant inflammation of the dental-gum complex, in which the growth of biofilms caused by Candida glabrata, Parapseilosis and Tropikalis is less than Candida albicans. Brown algae Sargasum is more compatible with human medicines due to having a natural origin than chemical drugs and has less side effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of Candida species isolated from periodontal infections and the effect of Sargassum glaucescens extract on biofilm gene expression using Real-Time-PCR.
Materials and Methods: Oral samples of periodontal infection were collected from the referred patients. To isolate the candidate species, the specimens were cultured on a Sabouraud dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol (SDAc). The extracted DNA was extracted from colonies grown from Kit and Glass pearl. Grown chickens were identified by specific primers by PCR-RFLP method. In order to detect the expression of als genes in Candida isolates, RNA extraction was performed using Phenol-Chloroform and Pearl glass, and the CLSI-M27-A2 method was used to evaluate the effect of Sargasum glaucescens extract of algae.
Results: The results showed that the expression of als gene in periodontal infection is higher than other genes. Another role is als in the formation of Candida albicans biofilm. The minimum inhibitory concentration of fungal growth was 256 μg/ml by algae extract. Sargasum glaucescens reduced the expression of als gene expression by about 62% in the sample.
Conclusion: Sargasum glaucescens algae possesses specific pharmacological properties and antimicrobial and antimicrobial effects. The results of the study using Real Time PCR showed that expression of als gene in isolated studied with Sargasum algae extract was lower than untreated isolates. Thus, this indicated the positive role of treatment by sargasum glaucescens extract in reducing the expression of biofilm gene in isolates.

Conclusion: The data of this study in proving the anti-biofilm and antibacterial effects of aloe vera extract showed that the expression of the target gene is reduced. It seems that this substance can be used as an alternative to oral hygiene chemicals.

Conclusion: The data of this study in proving the anti-biofilm and antibacterial effects of aloe vera extract showed that the expression of the target gene is reduced. It seems that this substance can be used as an alternative to oral hygiene chemicals.

This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of plant-derived polyphenols in restorative and preventive dentistry. As natural bioactive compounds such as polyphenols reshape the oral microbial ecology by attenuating virulence, inhibiting quorum-sensing communication, disrupting extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) formation, and reducing acidogenicity within dental biofilms. Beyond their antimicrobial effects, polyphenols can protect host tissues, namely, enamel, dentin, and gingiva, by cross-linking collagen fibrils, suppressing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, and modulating inflammatory pathways. Experimental, in situ, and clinical evidence consistently demonstrated improved bond durability at the dentin–resin interface. The most compelling data support the use of primers containing proanthocyanidins, quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and resveratrol. In preventive applications, catechin-based varnishes have demonstrated remineralization effects comparable to those of fluoride varnishes. Conversely, pomegranate extract–enriched mouthrinses, in the presence of fluoride, could enhance both anti-demineralization and antibiofilm activity. In the context of implants and dental prostheses, the polyphenol-functionalized coatings, particularly those based on tannic or caffeic acid, would reduce biofilm formation and provide corrosion resistance for metallic surfaces. Nevertheless, several formulation challenges remain, including rapid oxidation, limited solubility, and discoloration, all of which require careful management. Strategies such as dose optimization, solvent selection, covalent stabilization, and microencapsulation are recommended to overcome these limitations. For broader and more effective clinical translation, standardization of multispecies laboratory models and harmonization of clinical endpoints are essential. Furthermore, future longitudinal trials are needed to bridge the gap between laboratory findings and clinical performance. Ultimately, with the design of innovative delivery systems and long-term monitoring of parameters such as restoration survival, secondary caries, periodontal health, and color stability, polyphenols hold promise to define a new generation of antibacterial, biocompatible, and aesthetically stable dental materials.