Journal of Dental Medicine

The purpose of this survey was the determine of effectiveness of preventive precisures. 320 twelve years school student have chosen randomly. After determination of DMFT All of them divided to 4 groups. First group as control and the other groups were as oral hygiene education 6-fluoride therapy and sealant therapy group in a period of two years.Results of this study showed that fluoride therapy was more effective than the other procisures than oral hygiene instructions.

Background and Aim: Chlorhexidine is a mouthwash with known antibacterial effect but its antifungal effect is not clear. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of nystatin and chlorhexidine mouthwashes (one Iranian product and the other, commercial) on Candida albicans under in vitro condition. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the strains of Candida albicans used consisted of one standard strain (PTCC 5027) and ten local isolates. The latter were obtained from patients referred to different dental clinics in Kerman city. The specimens were taken from the gum and palate area by sterile swabs and dipped into Stewards transport medium, transferred to the laboratory within one hour, and cultured on Sabauraud dextrose Agar. Colonies showing the characteristic appearance of Candida were further cultured and routine differential tests including germ tube formation were performed to confirm the diagnosis of

C.albicans. These were used to prepare a microbial cell suspension of 0.5 Mc Farland concentration. Each cell suspension was inoculated over duplicate plates of SDA and 4 wells of 5 mm diameter were made using sterile cork borers. Each previously coded mouthwash was placed in corresponding well and incubated for 24-48 hours and the diameter of inhibition zone was measured with ruler. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each mouthwash for each isolate of Candida albicans was determined using dilution tube technique. Data were analyzed by SPSS package using proper statistical tests with P<0.05 as the limit of significance.

Results: There was a significant difference between the antimicrobial effects of the four tested mouthwashes. The results indicated that Iranian nystatin mouthwash had the greatest effect and the average inhibition zone from the highest to the lowest was associated with Iranian nystatin, foreign nystatin, Iranian chlorhexidine and foreign chlorhexidine respectively. The MIC determination revealed that generally nystatin was more effective than chlorhexidine. No statistical difference was seen between the Iranian and foreign samples.

Conclusions: Despite the antifungal effects of chlorhexidine, more investigations on different strains of C.albicans is required before recommending its cilinical application.

Background and Aim: Infection control is an important issue in dentistry. Without an efficient infection control, pathogens left on instruments and working surfaces will have potential danger to patients’ health. In this research, antiviral effect of three disinfectants: 0.5% sodium hypochlorite 0.05% sodium hypochlorite and Deconex 50 AF, on HBV was investigated.

Materials and Methods: In this interventional (before-after) study serums of 26 HBV positive patients were analyzed by PCR HBV analysis and 9 contaminated species were obtained to test three disinfectants. 36 agar plates were prepared with the contaminated serums. 27 of the plates were disinfected in 3 separate groups with the above mentioned solutions. Nine remaining plates were not disinfected (control). Swabs wetted by BSAS (Bovine Serum Albumin Sodium Chloride) medium were applied on the surface of the plates and the were kept in the transferred medium and sent to virology-lab of Pasteur Institute. HBV DNA were detected by commercial kit of HBV PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method. Data were analyzed by Cochrane test with p<0.05 as the limit of significance.

Results: None of samples disinfected with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite showed contamination. 11/1% of samples disinfected with 0.05% sodium hypochlorite and 44/4% of samples disinfected with Deconex 50 AF remained contaminated. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and the other groups.

Conclusion: Our findings revealed that 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution is a strong and efficient disinfectant against HBV. Key Words: HBV Sodium hypochlorite

Background and Aim: Functional appliances refer to a variety of removable or fixed appliances designed to alter the mandibular position both sagitally and vertically, resulting in orthodontic and orthopedic changes. Despite the long history of functional appliances, there is still much controversy related to their effectiveness and mode of action. The aim of this study was to evaluate dental and skeletal effects of Fa II in patients with class II malocclusion due to mandibular deficiency.

Materials and Methods: In this before-after clinical trial, 35 patients with class II div I malocclusion were selected. These samples were under treatment with Fa II appliance for 11 months. The range of age of females was 10-13 years and males 11-14 years. Combination analysis was used to determine skeletal and dental effects. Paired t-test was used to compare the differences of mean value pre and post treatment. P<0.05 was considered as the level of significance.

Results: There was significant difference between pre and post treatment in respect to posterior and anterior facial height, eruption of upper and lower posterior teeth, eruption of upper anterior teeth, mandibular body length, ANB angle, IMPA and 1 to SN. No significant difference was observed between pre and post treatment regarding facial growth.

Conclusion: Treatment with Fa II functional appliance leads to significant alterations in dental and skeletal elements of craniofacial complex and improvement of dental and jaws relationship.

Background and Aims: Considering the great incidence of implant failures due to high stresses around implant and at bone-implant interfaces, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of three different implant-macro designs on the quantity and distribution pattern of stresses around implants.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental in vitro study, three types of implants including Biohorizon (4×10.5 mm), Iler (4×10 mm), and Swiss Plus (4.1×10 mm) were studied by applying photo-elastic method. The implants were placed within photo-elastic models with dimensions of 50×50×10 mm. Then through open tray impressed method, crowns for each implant were constructed and cemented. Vertical and oblique loads of 100 N and 150 N were applied on the cemented crowns within polariscope machine. Then the photographs were evaluated using Isochromatic Fringe Characteristics table.
Results: Under vertical loads of 100 N and 150 N, the values for Biohorizon, Iler, Swiss Plus fixtures at the cervical region were (2.35, 3.60) N, (2.50, 3.10) N, and (1.39, 2.35) N, respectively and in apical region the values were (1.63, 2.35) N, (1.82, 2.35) N, and (2.50, 3.10) N. Under oblique loads, the measures at the cervical region were (4.00, 5.00) N, (1.82, 5.00) N, and (5.20, 6.00) N and in apical region were
(1.39, 2.00) N, (4.00, 2.35) N, and (2.35, 3.00) N, respectively for mentioned implants.
Conclusion: Under vertical loads, the lowest cervical stresses were observed in Swiss Plus fixture and the lowest apical stress values were recorded for Biohorizon fixture. Under oblique loads, the lowest cervical stresses were found in Iler implant and lowest apical stresses were recorded for Bohorizon.

Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of the Scrophularia striata extract was significantly lower than chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis in dental canals viewed as a suitable replacement to the already in use synthetic therapeutic irrigants.