Journal of Dental Medicine

In this study we try to clear the prevalance of age and sex and clinical and radiographic manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism. In this duration 47 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism that bed in two important hospitals in Tehran were studied.The ratio between women to men was 7 to 1 and most prevalance of disease were in fouyth decade. The pain boon was the cheif complain of patients and osteopenia was the most radiographic findings.In addition a case of primary hyperparathyroidism with mandibular and other bone involvement was reported.

Regard this, that majority of Diabetic patients that soffer from periodontal disease. Now, most of espesialist belive that these patients need to control their diabets with new methods for decreasing and controlling thier periodontal disease.Today, most of physician, majority of periodontal for controlling of HbAlc Test.This test does not need to patient's cooperation and can do in any time.This test estimate,s the irreversible bound of hemogloboiin with glucose and from this point that half- life of red blood cell is 90-120 days the resuolt of this test is useable for every 5 months.

In this study, 116 edentulous patients in the age group 37-90 yrs were selected. Out of the above,12 patients had visited the dept. Of prosthodontics for the first time for treatment. Other 34 of them were patients of the dental school and the rest were from Kahrizak and Nikan sanatoriums.Initially, the V.D. of rest was measured as usual for all the patients. After subjecting them to the excercises of completely opening and closing of the mouth for 15 no. of times, the rest position was measured again. Results show that the changes in V.D.R. after, excercises, relaxing the elevator and depressor muscles and the duration of usage of prosthesis, the following conclusions are obtained.
1. There is an increase in V.D.R. after tiring out the elevator and depressor muscles of the jaws.
2. There is a direct co - relation between the increased V.D.R. and duration of use of prosthesis after excercises.
3. Change in the V.D.R. after excercise is notably more in women.
4. No definite conclusion is obtained in the relationship between changes in V.D.R. after excercises and use of prosthesis during sleep.
5. As above no conclusions as yet can be deduced between changes in V.D.R. and different operators.

The present clinical trial was designed to evaluate the regenerative potential of periodontal tissues in degree II furcation defects at mandibular molars of human using a slow-resorbing collagen membrane and a surgical treatment technique based on the principles of guided tissue regeneration.The patient sampleinclude 8 subjects who had periodontal lessions in right and left mandibular molars regions, including moderate to advance periodonal destruction within the radicular area. Following a baseline examination including recording the clinical measurements (PD, Al, HC, F.G.M) , the furcation- involved molars were randomly assigned in each patient to either a test or a control treatment procedure. Included the evevation of mucoperiosteal flaps, recording measurement from the cemento enamel junction (C.E.J) directly coronal to the furcation area to the alveolar crest and to the base of the defect-Horizontal furcation measurements were also made using a William's probe, finally a collagen membrrane placed on the involved area to cover the entrance of the furcation and adjucent root surfaces as well as a portion of the alveolar bone apical to the crest. The flaps were repositioned and secured with interdental sutures. A procedure identical to the one used at the test teeth was Performed at the control teeth region with the exception of the placement of the collagen membrance. Following surgery all patients were placed on a plaque control regimen. All Patients received normal postsurgical care and at 6 month post-surgery were scheduled for re-entry surgery. Before re-entry surgery all clinical parameters recorded again. The re-entry mucoperiosteal flaps were designed to expose the furcation area for measurements, as describedabove. There was clinical improvement in all measurements made in both the test and control patients (especially in test group) over the 6 month period. The horizontal and vertical furcation measurements did yield a statistically significant imporvement when companing the test patients to the control.

One patient with Ellis Von Creveld syndrome contains: dwarfism, congenital heart disease, ectodermal dysplasia, polyductyly, an abnormally wide labial renum and maxillary molars with single root.

Eruption is a kind of development move of tooth from the place of its formation to its functional position in the mouth.Time and sequence of permanent's teeth eruption from the point of health diagnosis and orthodontic treatments is very important.Because of this, we decided to evaluate and determine the mean eruption time of canine and premolars from gum penetrations toward occlusion and also their sequence of eruption.The average time of eruptions in this study was higher than other similar studies.Our findings showed that the mean eruption time of canine and premolars in girls is earlier than boys lower canines erupt earlier than upper ones and maxillary premolars erupt before mandibular premolars in boys.

Anterior tooth crown fracture in children is something that each dentist will confront many times during his professional career.We studied the prevalence of anterior teeth crown fractures between 7-14 years old students in Tehran and some relevant factors like sex, age, the traumatized tooth, amount of overbite and overjet, upper lip coverage, jaw that had fractured tooth or teeth and place of fracture in fractured crown.1338 boys and 1184 girls were in this study. Tooth fracture was almost the same in boys and 1184 girls with the prevalence of 8%. Fracture was mostly in enamel and average year of fracture was 10 years.Increased overjet and overbite had direct relation and indirect relation with fracture, also enough lip coverage showed less fracture.

Growth factors are biological mediators that have a key roll in proliferation, chemotaxy and differentiation by acting on specific receptors on the surface of cells and regulating events in wound healing.They can be considered hormones that are not released in to the blood stream but have one a local action. Some of these factors can regulate premature change in GO to Gl phase in cell devesion cycle and even may stimulate synthesis of DNA in suitable cells, Growth substances, primarily secreted by fibroblasts, endothelia! cells, macrophages and platelet, include platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin like growth factor (IGF) transforming growth factor (TGF)a and (3 and bone morphogenetic proteins BMPs that approximately are the most important of them. (BMP)s could be used to control events during periodontal, craniofacial and implant wound healing through favoring bone formation According toLynch, combination of PGDF and IGF1 would be effective in promoting growth of all the components of the periodontium.The aim of this study was to characterize growth factor and review the literature to determine the mechanism of their function, classification and application in implant and periodontal treatment.

Wear characteristics of dental amalgams were investigated by in vivo and in vitro tests. Wear of dental amalgam was studied and evaluated using a three - body abrasion test and Pin-On-Disk method. Porcelain was used for preparing disk and materials such as toothpaste, artificial saliva and naturally saliva were used as the third material that was contributed in tribologic system The results showed that effects of various toothpastes on the wear of dental amalgam are considerably different and size, shape and chemical composition of amalgam are important too.

This investigation was performed according to the widespread application of base metal alloys and few articles published about the marginal integrity of restorations fabricated by these metals.Three standard dies of a maxillary first premolar were prepared with a flat shoulder finish line in buccal aspect and chamfer in palatal. One of them left with no change. On the buccal aspect of the second and third dies 135?and 1607 bevel were added respectively Using dual wax technique, nine wax patterns were formed on each die and casting procedure of selected non precious alloy was performed by centrifugal method. Marginal gaps of each copping seated on dies were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with X500 magnification. Measurements were done on three areas of marked dies on buccal aspect. Measurement son palatal aspect was done on marked midpalatal point as control.Results and statistical analysis showed no significant difference among marginal gaps in lingual aspect.But on the buccal aspect there were statistically significant differences among the groups (P<0.001). Flat shoulder had the best marginal integrity (mean 4 micron). Shoulder with 160' bevel had the most marginal gap (mean 26.5 micron) and shoulder with 1357 bevel was between two other groups (mean 15.7 micron).

This study is for appointment the dose of systemic 4 groups of patients selected for this study.First group had sealling, root planing and planing and periodontal surgery and no drugs. Second group had sealling, root planing and periodontal surgery with 1 gr per day of tetracycline for two weeks and third group for 3 weeks and fourth group for 4 weeks.The fourth group was.the best clinical improvement. The indexes were PPD, CAL, PI, GI.

A case involving the rare occurance of hyperparathyroidism in association with neurofibromatosis is reported.Radiographic findings revealed multiple radiolucency which diagnosed as giant cell lesions. Also, high levels of PTH and alkalan phosphatase were found from repeated measurements of the serum.Neurofibromatosis associated with hyperparathyroidism diagnosed in this case report.

: One of the main aspects of orthodontic treatments is hard and soft tissue changes and their effects on patients appearance.Fixed orthodontic treatment with extraction of upper first premolars to camulfalge of ci II malocclusion is very common,however there is not sufficient studies about lip and incisors changes after this procedure. For evaluating of vertical changes of upper, lip and incisors following retraction of upper incisors, fifteen adult Iranian patients aged 15 to 24 years who sought treatment for their CI II DI malocclusion were treated. Standard edgewise technique(0.018") following extraction of four first premolars were used.A cephaiometric study was undertaken to determine the vertical change in upper incisors and upper lip. For this evaluation, thirty linear and angular measurements were utilized.Results show that: 1- The upper incisors were intruded (X=0.83mm).2- The upper lip length was increased(X~1.2mm).3- The occlusal plane, rotated upward (Anteinclination).4- The palatal plane rotated downward and backward (Retroinclination).This study shows that the standard edgwise appliance has the capacity of reduction of incisor protrusion significantly without extruding them.

Characterization of bioceramics coating and evaluation of the influence of kind of coating on the implantation has been developed in recent years.Different bioceramics coating like calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and bioglass were coated on dental and orthopedic implants. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments were done for evolution of implant success and reliability and study of factors, which may influence the results.Researches indicate that different bioceramic coating may affect the bone bonding mechanism.Biodegredable calcium phosphate coating can be resorbed and be replaced with bone tissues.Hydroxyapatite cause earlier stabilization of dental implant in surrounding bone (biological fixation) and reduce healing time. Bioglass can protect substrate and provide interfacial attachment to bone.

: 32 patients were entered in randomized double blind clinical research. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A(18 patients) were given a single dose of 20 mg Piroxicam one hour pre-surgery. Group B(14 patients) were received 325 mg Acetaminophen every six hours immediately after surgery. The mouth opening was measured pre-surgical treatment. Pain relief was evaluated in both groups lsl and 8th hour after surgery. The mouth opening was measured lsl and 7,b day after surgery. The results showed that the analgesic effects of Piroxicam were higher than acetaminophen, however, the comparison of trismus means revealed no significant difference.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (P.G.C.G) is an exophytic lesion with an approximate size of 0.5-1.5 mm. It usually occurs on gingival and alveolar ridge of mandible particularly in molar and premolar region. The relation of serum calcium (Ca), Phosphor (P), and alkaline phosphatase (Alk) levels to P.G.C.G is yet controversial. In this descriptive study, 33 patients with P.G.C.G were chosen and serum Ca, P, and Alk levels compared with the normal range. In all patients the level of Ca was in the normal range. Phosphor (P) was in the normal range in all patients over 17 years old and 80% under 17 years. The level of ALK in 75.8 percent of the patients over 17 years and 90% under 17 years was in the normal range. In conclusion, no relationship was found between serum changes and P.G.C.G. It means P.G.C.G can be compeletly independent lesions from serum changes.

Up to now, no complete study was carried out about the prevalence and location of periapical granuloma and radicular cysts from the point of view of clinical symptoms (e.g. pain and swelling fistula) in Iran. The data was collected from the files available in the Department of Pathology, faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. With a consideration on different therapeutic methods. a proper method was selected. Radicular cyst occurred in 59.3 percent of 324 cases while 45.7 percent were granuloma. The most common incidence of these lesions was in the range of 24-25 years old. The most common location of lesions was the maxillary anterior. Sinus tracts occurred in 74 of all cases. 47.3 percent of these patients have been previously received root canal therapy. It is noticeable that 24 percent of all patients were treated endodontically before surgery. Higher incidence of granuloma occurred in small lesions while cysts were more common in large lesions. 232 of all cases showed one of the clinical symptoms, 16% pain, 35.8% swelling and 22.8% fistula. No symptoms were found in 92 cases.

Mesenchymal- epithelial interactions during embryogenesis have been shown to be important in the fetal development of many organs. Identification of molecules that modulate these interactions is key to our understanding of the pathological conditions. The major groups of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules characterized are glycosaminoglycans that candidate for morphogenesis and differentiation of ceils and tissues. In this study the molecules of ECM were considered in tooth development, pregnant female mice of balb-c were stained (vaginal plug=0 day) and embryos (E12-E19) and newborns (PN1-PN9) were collected. Tissues were fixed, processed embedded and sectioned. Sections were stained with the following methods: Alcian Blue (pH=l), PAS-Alcian Blue (pH=2.5), Aician Blue(pH=5.8) prepared with for MgCL2 concentrations (CEC1- CEC4) and toluidin Blue. Non- parametric statistical test (Kruskall- Wallis) showed significant difference between groups from the point of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, carboxylated and sulfated glycosaminoglycan in pulp. It seems that the synthesis and secretion of components of ECM is important in morphogenic events and followed by a spatiotemporal pattern and developmentally regulated.

Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) is the most recent and common method for regeneration of class II forcation molars. However, it requires membrane, which seems expensive for most of the patients. In order to overcome this problem, Coronally Position Flap (CPF) procedure may be applied which arresting the epithelial cell down growth, follow the same aim. This study is aimed to compare GTR technique utilizing bioresorable collagen membrane and CPF utilizing citric acid. Nine patients with grade II forcation defects were selected. Defects were bilateral that randomly assigned into two groups: GTR and CPF groups. Measurements recorded at baseline and after surgery (6 months). Paired-T test was performed on these data. The following results were obtained after 6 months: In both groups significant reduction in probing pocket depth were measured in GTR and CPF groups, 1.55 Ind 1.88 mm, respectively. Also, open vertical probing depth: 0.33, 1.11 mm. Reduction in forcation weight in both groups was 0.22 mm. Bone fill was observed in 0.33% and 51% of defects. No recession was observed in GTR group, in CPF was 0.11 mm. Loss of attached gingiva was 0.34 and 0.78 mm, respectively. No significant difference was found between clinical parameters except OHPD. Comparison of means at the day (0 and 180) in each group showed the success for regeneration of forca. Considering the results, it can be concluded that CPF may substitute for GTR technique.

The geometric shape of dental arch (square, tapering, ovoid) is an important factor in stress distribution pattern around dental implant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of arch form and the amount of bone loss (normal, moderate, high) in stress distribution around dental implant by considering different load direction. Three arch forms square, ovoid, and tapering with three different stages of bone loss were designed. Models were divided into three-dimensional elements, which made 5500 nodes. The 143N load was applied at two angles (straight, oblique) at the last fixture, 8mm, and 16 mm from the center of implant on l!ie cantilever. The Sap90 software was used for analyzing the stress distribution in this study. 54 different conditions were evaluated. Results showed that stress concentration changed from support toward fixture due to distally changing the load in the square and ovoid arch forms with normal bone. In the tapering arch with normal bone stress concentration was around the fixture. The amount of stress in normal tapering arch was more than physiologic extend, therefore, application of cantilever in tapering arches is not recommended.