Showing 20 results for Facial
H. Mahmood Hashemi ,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-1999)
Abstract
The most important craniofacial dysostosis & syndromes are Crouzon, Apret, Pfeiffer.Carpenter Saether- Chotzen. The common characteristic is premature closure of cranial sutures, which result in Maxillofacial deformities. Perfect recognition and carefully evaluation are the most important points in their reconstruction surgery.Because the prevalence & surgical treatment of Crouzon syndrome is low, I present a case report include surgical treatment of a patient with crouzon which was a accomplished in Shariati Hospital.
Mh. Ansari ,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2003)
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of human's complications, particularly in oral and maxillofacial region which leads to undesirable effects and sometimes endangers individual's life. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of maxillofacial malignant tumors, during 13 years, (1985- 1998),in Hamedan. Three hundred and eighty - six records of biopsies were selected from the private files of physicians, 7 private and governmental pathological centers and other educational and research organizations in Hamedan. After observing the samples by oral pathologist, they were presented as the statistical population for this retrospective study. The highest rate of biopsies was observed in the sixth (42.7%), seventh (39.6%) and third (10.6%) decades. The average age was 43.5 years, for women and 1.52 45.5 for men. The ratio of men to women was . The oldest patient was a 91- year - old man with malignant melanoma, while the youngest was a 3-year-old girl with Burkit lymphoma. The commonest site of involvement was nasal region (17.3%) and the anterior neck triangle showed the least common tumoral site (2.3%). The commonest tumor, observed in this study, was BBC (41.4%) and the least common was malignant fibrous histocytoma (0.2%). Baso cellular and epidermoid carcinomas have been the commonest cancers in this investigation, while lymphoma and salivary galnd cancers have been placed as the second ones. The results of this study showed that the lower lip and tongue are considered as the commonest sites for cancer.
,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2003)
Abstract
H. Mahmoud Hasehmi ,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2003)
Abstract
Nowadays, sport injuries constitute a major part of social accidents. The aim of the present study, was to investigate the frequency of maxillofacial injuries among athletes-members of different sports federations in Iran from 1998-2001. For this reason files which was related to sport injuries of men and women athletes-members of sports federations were studied in Medical Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran Sports Organization. The information were received through 26 medical organizations,located in different states of the country. The results showed that maxillofacial injuries constitute the major part of the sports injuries. In male athletes, football was the most important cause for maxillofacial injuries. However, mountain climbing and skiing play the least role in this field. Among female athletes,karate was the cause of the highest rate of maxillofacial sport injuries. Diving, mountain climbing and skiing cause the least number of maxillofacial accidents. Nasal fracture was the most common sport injury among Iraninan male and female athletes.
Sh. Alavi , A. Safari ,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2003)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: Anthropometry is applied in medical professions such as maxillofacial surgery,growth and development studies, plastic surgery, bioengineering and non- medical branches such as like shoe- making and eye- glasses industries.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine facial and cranial ratios among Isfahan young adults.
Materials and Methods: A study was done randomly on 200 boys and 200 girls, from among Isfahan young adults, with normal face patterns. Facial and cranial ratios, according to sex, were estimated and compared.
Results: The results of this study were compared with Canadian anthropometric findings by Farkas.There was no significant difference in cranial width between boys and girls but cranial length and all facial parameters (Int ,cant, go-go, zy- zy, ch-ch, Ala-Ala, low.lip, Up.Iip, Sn.gn, Sto.gn, N.sto, Ngn)were greater in boys than girls. Cranial index and , , " ,Cl ratios were greater in n - gn zy - zy zy - zy zy - zy ... slo-go sn-gn sto-gn slo-gn sto-gn . . ._girls, however, -, -, , , were greater in boys, There was no significant go-go n- gn n- gn n- sto sn - gn difference about facial index between boys and girls. Comparing facial parameters between Iranian and Canadian races, low. lip, Ala-Ala and go- go were greater among Iranians, however, Int cant ,Up. lip. N.gn, ch- ch, zy-zy showed a greater size among Canadians. Sn-gn ratio was greater in Canadian girls, but there was no significant difference between Iranian and Canadian boys in this regard. " " s" , s° " 8° , " ~ s ° , g° " 8° , ^-- ratios were greater among Isfahanian boys and girls,zy-zy zy-zy zy-zy n - gn zy-zy however, J ° ~ g" , 5 ° " 8" / ° " s" ratios were greater among Canadians. Regarding 5"~g" ratio, no n- sto sn- gn n~ gn n- gn significant difference was observed between Canadian and Isfahanian girls.
Conclusion: Considering the significant difference in the facial and cranial anthropologic ratios and sizes, among Canadian and Isfahanian young adults, the results obtained from Canadian race, should not be applied as a criteria for Iranian surgical and dental treatment plans. Due to the wide racial combinations in Iran, more studies, with wider variations, should be conducted among different Iranian races.
J Fariaby ,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (5-2003)
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO), firstly introduced to the medical world by Russian scientist Ilizarov for long bone lenghtening in orthopedics can be considered as an appropriate substitute in the treatment of maxillofacial deformities. Natural events occuring during the repair of a fractured bone segment not only lead to the desired bone length but also prevent from the undesired disadvantages of osteotomies and bone grafting. Recently a lot of investigations have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of DO in the treatment of maxillofacial deformities, which in some cases have lead to successful results. In the present article a lot of issues in maxillofacial surgery and different treatment goals associated with DO are discussed.
R. Mosharraf , D. Abtahi , M. Porrabani ,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (1-2004)
Abstract
Statement of Problem:The determination of the dental midline is necessary in most dental procedures.One of the methods to fulfill this goal is to determine the facial midline based on the midpoints of the forehead, nose, upper lip and chin. However, for various reasons, this method has not always been proved successful. In such cases, different techniques, based on the investigations in the edentulous
patients, have been suggested.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the conformity of some landmarks such as labial frenum, incisive papilla and mid palatal suture with dental and facial midlines among people with natural dentition in order to obtain accurate anatomic landmarks for denture replacement.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 96 dental students, having all their permanent teeth and without any orthognathic problem, were chosen. For each subject, Alginate impressions and dental casts were prepared. Then, centric occlusion was recorded with a biting wax and the facial mid line was determined on the anterior part of it. The distances from the facial midline to the upper teeth midline,
incisive papilla, labial frenum and mid palatal suture were determined with a special tool and were measured by a VERNIEH two times. In order to analyze the results, Chi- Square and t-student tests were used.
Results: The average of facial midline distance to the upper teeth midline, the labial frenum, the incisive papilla and the mid palatal suture were 0.83±0.60, 0.67±G.54, 0.83±00.63 and 0.81±0.62 mm,respectively. There was no significant difference between males and females. Labial frenum showed the minimum distance to the facial midline, while the incisive papilla had the maximum. There was no significant difference between these anatomic landmarks, in conformity or unconformity with the facial midline
Conclusion: Considering the low percentage of the subjects with complete conformity and the lack of significant differences between these three landmarks, it is suggested that there is no superiority among these landmarks for the determination of facial midline. The similar distances from the facial midline to the incisive papilla and upper teeth midline indicate that using incisive papilla to determine the upper
teeth midline in edentulous patients lead to normal face.
F. Heravi , Sh. Sahafian ,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2004)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: Tooth extraction is a common technique in orthodontics and most of the specialists believe that this technique is able to change the facial appearance.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate facial vertical changes in orthodontic patients following tooth extraction.
Materials and Methods: Thirty patients, after their growth spurt, with CLI malocclusion all treated by a specific orthodontist through Edgewise technique along with the extraction of four first premolars were chosen. Lateral cephalograms of patients, before and after treatment were compared and facial vertical changes and teeth were studied.
Results: Anterior and posterior facial heights were increased during treatment. Despite the limited use of intermaxillary elastics, teeth were extruded. The most increase in facial heights was observed in the lower third of face. Patients with longer faces before treatment showed more extrusion of mandibular molars as well as more increase of mandibular slope.
Conclusion: Tooth extraction in orthodontic treatments can not guarantee the decrease or even non-increase of facial height. Among patients with long faces, it is particularly suggested to refrain from the application of extrusive orthodontic forces.
Mh. Toodeh-Zaeim , H. Ravanmehr ,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (1-2005)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: The significance of adenoid tissue in Orthodontia appeared in 1954. At that time,even as today, orthodontists had an enduring interest in the relationship between excessive amounts of adenoid tissue, the developing occlusion, and facial morphology.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of mouth breathing with adenoid enlargement on dentofacia! cephalometric measurements.
Material and Methods: A sample of 92 subjects between the ages of 6 and 15 years old were studied in two study and control groups. In study group, 46 mouth breathers (32 girls and 14 boys) with mean of 1 1.26 years old were examined by orthodontist and ENT specialist in order to confirmation of nasopharyngeal obstruction.Control group contained 46 nasal breathers (35 girls and 11 boys) with mean of 11.33 years old. For each patient in centric occlusion, a lateral cephalogram was taken and traced. 12 dentofacial variables were measured and statistical t-test was conducted by calculating the mean, standard deviation and p-value of parameters. Statistical t-test for mean oi~ dentofacial variables for the two groups revealed that some of variables were significantly different.
Results: In study group Z Go.Me-SN, Z Y-A.xis, Z Go, Z SN-PL variables were significantly higher than control group and Z HoFIl, Z SNB were significantly lower. The other dentofacial variables (ZS, IMPA,Z SNA, Z ANB. Z Ar and LH) didn't show any significant difference.
Conclusion: Adenoid enlargement and nasopharyngeal obstruction can affect dentofacial morphology and cause facial vertical growth pattern and upper centrals retrusion.
J. Faryabi ,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (5-2005)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: Visual loss after traumatic injuries of the maxillofacial area is one of the worst complications of these injuries and if remains untreated will affect seriously the future life of patient.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of blindness associated with midfacial fractures in Kerman Bahonar Hospital from 1996-2002.
Material and Methods: This descriptive study was done retrospectively on 207 patients with midface maxillofacial trauma admitted to Kerman Bahonar Hospital from 1996 to 2002.
Results: The frequency of unilateral blindness associated with midfacial trauma was 5.3 percent. The main etiologic factor was motor vehicle accidents (81.8%) and the most common area of fracture site of midface associated with blindness was Lefort III, Lefort II and NOE (Naso- Orbito- Ethmoidal) fractures.
Conclusion: The evaluated frequency of blindness after midfacial injuries in this study was similar to previous studies. The etiologic factors were different from those of developed countries and similar to developing ones.
J. Momen Beitollahi, M. Sahebjamie, A. Manavi, T. Farrokhnia, Ar. Zohiroddin, B. Golestan,
Volume 21, Issue 4 (1-2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the most common causes of facial pain, is muscular pain. MPDS is one of the most important disorders of facial area that many of patients suffer from pain, tenderness of one or more masticatory muscles and limitation of movement. Psychological factors play an important role in MPDS. Anxiety and depression by increasing muscle tension, can cause myofacial pain syndrome They can also accompany the syndrome as comorbidities or develop as sequelae of chronic pain and disability. Many approaches can be used to treat myofacial pain syndrome. The least invasive and least traumatic approach should be se.lected. Often, treatment for myofacial pain syndrome fails, because underlying problems go untreated. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) is mainly used for treating anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PMR in improving signs and symptoms of patients with MPDS.
Materials and Methods: In this before and after clinical trial study, 33 patients with MPDS that had anxiety and or mild depression(were assessed by Beck Inventory)were treated by PMR in a period of a month (3 visits)and were followed up until 2 months. Analysis was done using paired t-test/ wilcoxon-sign-rank test.
Results: The results of this study showed that variants like intensity of pain, tenderness of masticatory muscles, maximum opening of mouth with and without pain, anxiety (p<0.001) and depression (p=0.001) improved significant 16 after treatment in comparison with before treatment.
Conclusion: In conclusion, PMR is effective in improving signs and symptoms in patients with MPDS. Therefore psychological status should be considered in treatment plan of these patients.
R. Ghoveizi, Gh. Omati Shabestari, A. Mirfazaelian, R. Sadrimanesh, A. Mangali,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (6-2010)
Abstract
A procedure was explained to fabricate a surgical stent to aid the placement of maxillofacial implants for prosthetic auricular rehabilitation. An impression of the defect was made, and a wax pattern of the missing ear completed and evaluated on the patient. The definitive wax prosthesis was processed in clear acrylic resin. Also an occlusal maxillary splint was fabricated and joined to the acrylic resin ear by using an extraoral acrylic resin bar. Surgical stent provides proper orientation of the acrylic resin ear while remaining attached to the maxillary arch. This surgical stent can also be used for radiographic examination.
Shirazi Mohsen , Darvishpour Hojat , Nateghi Reza , Mirhashemi Amir Hosein , Salari Behzad ,
Volume 28, Issue 1 (5-2015)
Abstract
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ( mirahashemi@tums.ac.ir )
Background and Aims: Nowadays patients refer to orthodontist for issue such as dental crowding and other aesthetic problems. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between some of mandibular anatomical landmarks and dental crowding in the patient with skeletal Cl II due to mandibular deficiency.
Materials and Methods: 108 cases have been randomly selected out of patients with mandibular related Cl II problem associated with lower incisor crowding, out of orthodontic patient department of Tehran university of medical sciences. ANB, SNB, mandibular discrepancy, gonial angle, Sn-Go-Gn and IMPA was evaluated out of the data. Lateral cephalograms were used for this matter. The correlation between variables was evaluated by correlation test and after reviewing the data was analyzed using Normality test, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used for normally distributed variables.
Results: Corpus-ramus length ratio had a significant relationship with dental crowding (P≤0.05) but there was no meaningful and significant relationship between other facial landmarks ( P = 0.26 ).
Conclusion: there seems to be a slight relationship between facial landmarks and dental crowding in lower incisors. But further case control and clinical studies may be helpful in achieving more reliable data.
Afshin Yadegari Naeeni, Masoud Vatani, Bahareh Botlani Yadegar,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Despite advances in trauma management, treatment of the consequent infections has remained a major challenge. Antibiotic prophylaxis has been widely applied to reduce such infections. Although bacteria are present in most body parts, severe infections after treatment are less frequent in the head and neck of healthy individuals. The aim of the present study was to review the reasonable application of antibiotic prophylaxis in maxillofacial trauma.
Materials and Methods: In this review article, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies on antibiotic prophylaxis in maxillofacial trauma published during 2000-2014.
Conclusion: Antibiotics were not prescribed for tears and small clean wounds in the face and mouth. However, prophylaxis was applied for extensive mouth injuries which involved the facial skin. In case of maxillofacial fractures, 24-hour administration of antibiotics sufficed for compound fractures of the mandible and other parts of the face. Antibiotics were not required in other types of fractures. Prophylaxis should be applied over short pre- or post-operative periods based on the severity and complexity of maxillofacial fractures and their relations with intra- and extraoral environments. Apparently, more detailed studies are warranted to further clarify the subject.
Arash Mansuorian, Sara Pourshahidi, Maryam Sadat Sadrzadeh Afshar,
Volume 29, Issue 4 (1-2017)
Abstract
Masticatory muscle pain is the second most frequent cause of orofacial pain after dental pain. Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) is the most common form of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. MPDS is a pain that triggers from [sensitive] points in the muscles and fascia and is followed by spasm, tenderness to palpation, restricted movement, fatigue, and sometimes dysfunction. The researchers intended to collect comprehensive information about therapeutic interventions for myofascial pain through the conduction of a critical study based on evidence in the literature. In this review, 51 English articles, published between 1981 and 2013, were extracted from PubMed, Medline, Ovid, and Google Scholar. These articles were then reviewed in detail in two categories, namely pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatments. MPDS treatment should be first focused on the identification and correction of underlying causes. Thiocolchicoside (TCC), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and Cox-2 inhibitors are among promising pharmaceutical methods. On the other hand, ultrasound and laser therapy are among promising non-pharmaceutical methods. The complex mechanism of MPDS, along with its underlying peripheral and central nervous mechanisms may make MPDS, difficult to treat, especially in its chronic form.
Mohsen Shirazi, Shiva Shadmand, Behzad Salari,
Volume 32, Issue 4 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Nasal obstruction is a common condition among children, in which delaying treatment can stabilize its negative effects on dentoalveolar structures during adulthood. In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of total nasal obstruction on the craniofacial structures of rabbits.
Materials and Methods: In this animal study, total numbers of 44 rabbits with high genetic proximity were selected. Several metal implants were inserted in the anatomic landmarks of their skulls and then underwent three different types of x-ray exposure (lateral, posterior-anterior and occlusal views). Half of them underwent surgically assisted total nasal obstruction, and the other half were considered as control group. All rabbits were kept in the same environment up to maturation period. Then, they underwent the same x-ray exposures. The primary and final radiographs were traced and various linear and angular were compared between them.
Results: The anterior facial height (P=0.01), maxillary depth (P=0.005), articular angle (P=0.005), maxillary and mandibular plan angle were significantly more in the rabbits with total nasal obstruction. However, the interdental width (P=0.005), maxillary perimeter (P=0.005), nasopharyngeal width (P=0.01) and maxillary and mandibular width were significantly less in them. The skull base length (P=0.30), gonial angle (P=0.40), and maxillary length (P=0.10) were not significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusion: Total nasal obstruction had various impacts on the craniofacial structures.
Md Mahdi Kashani Aragh Bidi, Dr Mahdi Jabari Jahromi, Dr Sepide Bagheri Hosein Abadi, Dr Mohammadreza Shokuhifar,
Volume 33, Issue 1 (7-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The vertical growth pattern of the face depends on several factors. One of these factors can be the muscle strength of the jaw. Maximum occlusal force (MOF) can be considered as an index to measure the function of the muscles of the masticatory system. Despite the various studies, the relationship between the facial pattern and muscle function is still controversial. According to soft tissue paradigm theory, muscle can affect the shape and form of bones of the jaw, face and head. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the maximum occlusal force and head and face growth pattern in dental students of Shahed University in Tehran.
Materials and Methods81 dental students (40 males and 41 females) were participated. MOF was measured with a loadcell designed for this purpose, and the anthropometric points of the face and head were measured with digital caliper. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used to determine the effect of facial and head patterns on the maximum occlusal force. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS23.
Results: The mean MOF in males was 480 N and in females 320 N. Head forms in our sample research were 54.32% Brachycephale, 32.09% Mesocephale, and 13.58% Dolicocephale. The form of the face was 23.45% euprosopic, 39.5% mesoprosopic, and 37.03% leptoprosopic. According to the statistical analysis, the relationship between the maximum occlusal force and leptoprosopic form of face was statistically significant (P=0.02). However, there was not significant relationship between the maximal occlusal force and none of the three type of head forms (P=0.813).
Conclusion: MOF was related to the leptoprosopic pattern of face, and these individuals had less bite power. No relationship between the maximum occlusal force and head forms and neither between the head pattern and facial pattern was found in this study. The maximum occlusal force in men was higher in all three facial patterns than that of women, although this relationship was not significant.
Maryam Mohammadi Nodeh, Majid Beshkar, Mohammad Javad Kharazi Fard,
Volume 34, Issue 0 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Fractures of the facial bones and jawbones could cause functional problems along with social and cosmetic problems. Various factors (including road accidents, assault, falling from height, sport injuries, and getting hit by a hard object) could cause these fractures. Collecting and reporting accurate epidemiologic data regarding the facial fractures are major steps toward planning preventive measures. The aim of this study was to collect the epidemiologic data regarding maxillofacial fractures in two referral centers (Shariati and Sina hospitals) in the city of Tehran.
Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional retrospective investigation. All the necessary data were collected from the patients’ files and analyzed using SPSS 25.
Results: The present study pursued data of 454 trauma admitted patients in oral and maxillofacial surgery wards of Shariati and Sina hospitals in 1397 and 1398. These data showed that a number of 374 patients of all patients were men and the other 80 were women. The ratio of male patients to female patients was 4.5:1. In 290 of cases (64%), the fractures occurred as combined fractures and in 164 cases (36%), the fractures occurred as single fracture. These fractures happened mostly in the mandibular bone and in mandibular body, and the least of these fractures happened in Orbit. This study showed that there was a significant relation (with 95% confidence level) between the mandibular body fractures and mandibular angle fractures. This study also showed that there was another significant relation (with 95% confidence level) between the mandibular angle fractures and LeFort 2 fractures. In addition, this study also showed (by using k2 exam) a relation between the etiology of trauma and the number of fractures.
Conclusion: This present study showed that the maxillofacial fractures happened mostly in men much more than women. If we put motorcycle accidents and car accidents in a group together called road accidents, the most common etiology of maxillofacial fractures is road accidents. The results showed that the most fractures happened in the age range of 15-25 year old.
Zohreh Dalirsani, Maryam Amirchaghmaghi, Mahshid Malakouti Semnani, Mahdi Talebi, Seyed Isaac Hashemi, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri,
Volume 35, Issue 0 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Atypical facial pain (AFP) is a chronic disease associated with local pain in the craniofacial area. A wide range of treatments including drug therapy, psychiatric methods and open surgery are used for its treatment. Opiorphin is a pentapeptide that can block pain and also has proven antidepressant effects. The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the opiorphin concentration in AFP patients and to compare it with healthy people.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 30 AFP patients and 40 healthy individuals. Unstimulated saliva was collected from both groups by spitting method. HAD-A (Hamilton Anxiety Test) and HAD-D (Hamilton Depression Test) questionnaires were completed for all patients and controls. Psychological interview with the patients and psychological analysis were performed to determine anxiety and depression scores. Data analysis was done using SPSS (ver.24) statistical software
Results: The subjects of two groups were homogeneous in terms of age and sex. The mean salivary opiorphin concentrations in the case and control groups were 1.8050±0.2923 and 1.8032±0.3682 ng/ml, respectively. According to the results of t-Test, no significant difference was observed in the mean opiorphin concentration between the AFP group and control group (P=1.000). According to the Pearson's test, no significant relationship was found between the opiorphin levels and the age, sex, and anxiety or depression score in the patient and control groups (P>0.05). Also, there was no remarkable correlation between initial VAS, duration of pain and previous treatments with opiorphin levels in the AFP patients (P>0.05). No significant correlation was found between the opiorphin concentration and menopausal period in the case and control women (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that most AFP patients had some degree of anxiety and depression. However, salivary opiorphin concentration did not significantly increase in the AFP patients.
Neda Omidpanah, Mohammad Esmi, Farzan Soltani,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease. Oral manifestations in these patients include paralysis or spasm of facial muscles, temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJ), trigeminal neuralgia, dysphagia, or dysarthria. The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of orofacial pain in patients with MS.
Materials and Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 patients with a definite diagnosis of MS referred to Iran MS Association and Iran MS Research Center. The patients were in the age group of 17 to 57 years and were selected completely randomly. Data were obtained based on two checklists and clinical examination. Finally, DC/TMD criterion was used to check TMD problems. Then the data was analyzed by SPSS version 26 software and by Fisher's Test.
Results: The prevalence of MS disease was higher in women and the average age of patients was 37 years and the average duration of MS disease among patients was 8 years. The most common pain was related to shooting and shock-like pain with a frequency of 40.4% and the lowest quality was related to dull and diffuse pain with a frequency of 5.3%. In total, 24.5% of patients with buccal-oral pain had TMD, and in this case, the DC/TMD criterion was used.
Conclusion: Temporomandibular disorders and shooting and shock-like pains are usually observed in a number of patients with MS. As a result, dentists should be aware of the presence of these pains in the patient, the pain trigger, and the drugs used by the patients, in order to provide medical services and being aware of drug interactions.
