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Evaluation of the changes of interleukin- 6 level in gingival cervical fluid (GCF) during orthodontic movements
Smr. Safavi , M. Farahani , S. Khoramian Tusi , So. Dianat , Ar. Akbarzade ,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (5-2007)
Abstract

Background and Aim: In recent years, different substances have been considered in gingival cervical fluid (GCF) as diagnostic markers due to the evaluation of biologic events and biochemical process related to bone turnover during orthodontic movements. IL-6 concentration increases in GCF during the first week after force loading. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of IL-6 in GCF during orthodontic movements.

Materials and Methods: Fourteen orthodontic patients (9 females and 5 males, mean age 15.1±2.5 years) with Cl I malocclusion needing first bicuspid extraction participated in this clinical trial. In each patient one maxillary canine was distalized (DC) with a NiTi push coil spring. The contra-lateral canine (CC) was included in the orthodontic appliance but was not subjected to the orthodontic force  and one of the mandibular canines was used as control with no orthodontic appliance (Antagonist canine: AC). The concentration of IL-6 was evaluated at the baseline and 14th and 28th days after intervention. GCF was taken with periopapers from both mesial and distal sides of tooth before appliance activation, on the 14th and 28th days. Concentration of IL-6 in DC, CC, and AC detected by ELISA reader was compared by repeated measure ANOVA and LSD multiple comparison, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Although the inflammatory gingival indices increased in both DC and CC teeth but it was not significant. The amount of IL-6 in GCF increased on day 14th in DC teeth in comparison with AC and CC teeth. In addition, the concentration of IL-6 in DC teeth was significantly greater than the 1st and 28th days. The maximum concentration of IL-6 was detected in both pressure and tension sides of DCs at T14. At T28, although the IL-6 levels were significantly higher than baseline levels but, it was significantly less than T14.

Conclusion: The results of this study support the hypothesis that mechanical stimuli cause an inflammatory reaction within the periodontal tissues.


Effect of food simulating liquids on release of monomers from two dental resin composites
M. Ghavam , S. Arami , E. Tabatabai ,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (6-2010)
Abstract

Background and Aims:The elution of residual monomers from cured dental composites to oral cavity has a harmful effect on human health and can affect their clinical durability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of eluted monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA) from two types of composites (Gradia and P60) after exposure to food simulating liquids such as ethanol (25, 50, 75 %) and heptane 50 % for 24 hours and 7 days. 

Materials and Methods: Forty specimens of each composite were prepared.Equal numbers of each composite were immersed in tubes containing 2cc volumes of 25, 50, 75 % ethanol and 50 % heptane. The amount of eluted monomers in standard condition such as Bis-GMA, TEGDMA and UDMA was measured by GC/MS (Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy). Data were statistically analyzed by three-way and one-way ANOVA. The level of significance was set at P<0.05.

Results: The results showed that TEGDMA was the only released monomer from all specimens. Gradia significantly released more TEGDMA compared with P60. In assessing the effect of environment, the results showed that monomers released from ethanol were more than those released from heptane and the concentration rate of 75 % ethanol resulted in most monomers release. In assessing the effect of time, the observation showed that more monomers were released during 7 days compared to 24 hours.

Conclusion:

 Ethanol caused more release of monomers compared with heptane and 75 % ethanol released the most amounts of monomers. Gradia released more TEGDMA compared to P60. In addition, more monomers were released with increasing the time.
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