Showing 49 results for Implant
V. Mortazavi , Mh. fathi ,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2000)
Abstract
Characterization of bioceramics coating and evaluation of the influence of kind of coating on the implantation has been developed in recent years.Different bioceramics coating like calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and bioglass were coated on dental and orthopedic implants. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments were done for evolution of implant success and reliability and study of factors, which may influence the results.Researches indicate that different bioceramic coating may affect the bone bonding mechanism.Biodegredable calcium phosphate coating can be resorbed and be replaced with bone tissues.Hydroxyapatite cause earlier stabilization of dental implant in surrounding bone (biological fixation) and reduce healing time. Bioglass can protect substrate and provide interfacial attachment to bone.
A. Fazel , F. Gerami Panah , S. Zaratti ,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (4-2000)
Abstract
Preservation of bone-implant interface is vital for maintaining of implant treatment. There are some cases in which crown to fixture ratio is increased due to loss of residual ridge. In this condition knowledge of stresses acting over alveolar bone is important in regard to prognosis of treatment. In this study three different crown to fixture ratios evaluated under lateral forces considering stresses generated in the alveolar bone around the implant.Three different models of crown to implant ratios were designed in a single-tooth implant at anterior maxilla.Model No. 1 with ratio of 1:1, model No. 2 (1.5:1) and model No. 3 (2:1) were designed. Then, the differences between stresses under two horizontal loads (70 and 100 Newton) were analyzed by three-dimensional finite element analysis. Principal normal stresses and Vonmises stress were measured in this study.Results indicated that stress concentration were mainly at the crestal bone.Highest stresses were obtained in third model (2:1 ratio), which was approximately twice as first model (1:1) ratio.
Sb. Moosavi , Mh. fathi , Gh. Feizi , V. Mortazavi ,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (7-2001)
Abstract
Bone osseointegration around dental implant can cause earlier stabilization and fixation of implant and reduce healing time. Hydroxyapatite coating can affect bone osseointegration and enhance its rates. The aim of this study was comparison of osseointegration between plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coated and uncoated dental implants in cats. Four endodontic implants including, vitallium and two stainless steel with and without hydroxyapatite coating were prepared and placed in mandibular canines of 20 cats after completion of root canal treatment and osseous preparation. After a healing period of 4 months, investigation by scanning electron microscopy showed significant difference in ossointegration between coated and uncoated dental implants and average bone osseointegration of coated implants was more than uncoated implants.
F. Kaviyani ,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (8-2001)
Abstract
Concern for adverse effects must accompany any use of ionizing radiation. Such concern for the expanded use of CT scanning, conventional tomography and panoramic in dental implant radiology can be expressed by the establishment of absorbed radiation dose for critical tissues (resulting from these radiographic procedures). Potential patient benefit should be weighted against the risk and other disadvantages and/or advantages of a particular radiographic imaging technique. Measurement of dose values can act as a guidline for such risk determinations. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the absorbed doses of various anatomic sites during these radiographic techniques. The absorbed radiation doses in bone marrow, thyroid gland, salivary gland, eye, brain and skin entrance were determined by placement of lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimetres (TLD, S) at selected anatomic sites within and on a humanlike x-ray phantom. The phantom was exposed to radiation from panoramic, linear tomographic and computer- assisted tomographic (CT) stimulated dental implant radiographic examinations. The mean dose was determined for each anatomic site. CT examination showed disruption dose, while panoramic radiography was generally the lowest. The mean absorption value by paratid gland was higher than of other salivary glands.
Mh. Fathi , V. Mortazavi , Sb. Moosavi ,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (6-2002)
Abstract
Nowadays, application of implants as a new method for replacing extracted teeth have been improved. So, many researches have been performed for improving the characteristics of implants. The aim of this study was to design and produce a desired coating in order to obtaining two goals including improvement of the corrosion behavior of metallic endodontic implant and the bone osseointegration simultaneously. Stainless steel 316L (SS), cobalt-chromium alloy (Vit) and commercial pure titanium (cpTi) were chosen as metallic substrates and hydroxyapatite coating (HAC) were performed by plasma-spraying (PS) process on three different substrates. A novel double layer Hydroxyapatite/Titanium (HA/Ti) composite coating composed of a HA top layer and a Ti under layer was prepared using PS and physical vapor deposition (PVD) process respectively on SS. Structural characterization techniques including XRD, SEM and EDX were utilized to investigate the microstructure, morpholgy and crystallinity of the coatings. Electrochemical potentiodynamic tests were performed in physiological solutions in order to determine and compare the corrosion behavior of the coated and uncoated specimens behavior as an indication of biocmpatibility. Results indicated that the cpTi possesses the highest and SS the lowest corrosion resistance (highest corrosion current density) between uncoated substrates. This trend was independent to the type of physiological environment. The HA coating decreased the corrosion current density of HA coated metallic implants but did not change that trend. HAC acted as a mechanical barrier on the metallic substrate but could not prevent the interaction between metallic substrate and environment completely. The HA/Ti composite coating improved the corrosion behavior of SS. The corrosion current density of HA/Ti coated SS decreased and was exactly similar to single HA coated cpTi in physiological solutions. The results indicated that HA/Ti composite coated SS could be used as an endodontic implant and two goals including improvement of corrosion resistance (biocompatibiiity) and bone osseointegration could be obtained simultaneously.
Sa. Miremadi , Ar. Rokn , A. Nikbakht ,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2003)
Abstract
In the past two decades, replacement of the missing teeth with implant borne prosthesis has become a treatment modality, accepted by the scientific community for fully and partially edentulous patients. The aim of the present study is to evaluate retrospectively, 502 ITI dental implants application, in partial and complete edentulous patients, treated in two private centers, based on clinical and radiographic parameters.One hundred and forty patients, with 502 ITI dental implants, who were treated from 1994 to 2000 in two private centers, were investigated. For such patientsT a minimum of one year and a maximum of six years were passed since prosthesis placement over implants, so they were cooperative subjects. There was a significant relation between implant type and bone loss, so was between the presence and absence of BOP and the rate of bone loss. From totality 502 implants, 6 implants (28%) and 4 implants (1.4%) were lost, in maxilla and mandible, respectively. The total success rate was 98%. This rate, in maxilla with 212 implants was 97.2% and in mandible with 90 implants was 98.6%. The mean value of bone loss (RBL) and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) during 6 years, for the remaning 492 implants were 0.93±0.39mm and 1.99mm, respectively. The results showed that ITI dental implants, with a success rate of more than 97%, can be used as a desirable treatment choice in partial and complete edentulous patients.
M. Paknegad , A. Miremadi , M. Tabatabaei-E-Yazdi , M. Khodadad-E- Motarjemi ,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (5-2003)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: The correlation between the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes in gingival sulcular fluid (GCF) with inflammation and periodontal attachment loss has been proved, however there are not adequate studies about dental implants.
Purpose: The aim of present study was to investigate the presence and activity level of AST & ALP and their correlation with pocket depth (PD) and bleeding of peri-implant slcular fluid (PISF), and to evaluate the possibility of using these assessments as a diagnostic index in oral implantology.
Material and Methods: In this study, 41 implants as test group and 41 contralateral teeth as control group, in 21 patients were evaluated. At first visit, the general information about implants and the values of pocket probing depth (PPD), modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBl) and modified plaque index (mPI) were recorded. At the second visit, samples of GCF/PISF were collected. AST & ALP activity was determined spectrophotometrically and data were analyzed by "t", "Mann-Whitney" tests and Pearson Spearman correlation coefficient.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the activity of AST between two study groups (P<0.0001). The average activity of ALP in test group was more than control group but the difference was not significant. After elimination of the confounding variables, the average AST in test group was 54.6 (S£=2.3) and in control groups was 44.8 (SE=2.3) (P=0.004). The average ALP in test group (SE=2.2) and in control (SE=2.2) were 36.6 and 35.4, respectively. Values of AST and ALP were positively correlated with other clinical parameters such as PD and mSBI which was significant in test group.
Conclusion: The present study suggests that PISF analysis could be considered as a proper diagnostic strategy in the evaluation of dental implant success.
S. Nokar , R. Baghaee-Naeeni ,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2004)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: In the treatment of edentulous patients with implant supported fixed partial dentures several factors such as implant numbers, implant position, superstructure pattern and cantilever length must be considered. Mandibular flexture in function exerts forces in peri-implant bone, however this phenomenon has received little attention.
Purpose: The goal of this finite element analysis (FEA) study was to evaluate the effect of mandibular dimensional changes on peri-implant bone stress in different prosthesis and implant treatment plans.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, three dimensional finite element computer model of mandible was simulated according to data from CT-Scan in 0.5 mm sections. The model of 4.110 mm ITI implant, measured by profile projector, was simulated in solid works 2003 software. Implant models were inserted, in two different patterns, on mandible and three different superstructures were placed on implants. Two clenching tasks were modeled (incisal clench and right molar clench).
Results: Analysis of Von Misses stress for peri-implant bone revealed the lowest stress values in three-piece superstructure.
Conclusion: According to this study, additional placement of implants in order to fabricate independent prostheses and to achieve the freedom of mandibular flexture are recommended.
Ar. Talaei Pour , S. Mehralizadeh , A. Mesgarzadeh ,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2005)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: Computed tomography (CT) has proved to be the most precise method to evaluate the quantity of jaw bones.In recent years, patient dose which is much more greater in CT than conventional methods has attracted more attention, and has brought the idea of using the conventional method in more accurate ways or applying new methods with lower doses.
Purpose:radiovisiography for presurgical evaluation of endosseous implants.
Materials and Methods: measured with the two aforementioned techniques. To determine the magnification factor, an acrylic stent with spherical lead markers with known diameter, has been used. Then in intra-operative phase, this distance was measured directly on the patient’s jawbone. To assess the significance of differences from radiography results and the gold standard the binomial distribution was used.
Results:significant and there was no significant difference between RVG and visual method.
Conclusion:to conventional tomography.
Radiography is the main tool for presurgical assessment of endosseous implants.The goal of this study was the assessment of the accuracy of conventional tomography andDistance between alveolar margin and superior border of mental foramen wasFindings showed that the differences between conventional omography and visual methods wereThis study revealed that the radiovisiography method showed more precise results in comparison
Ar. Talaeipour , M. Panjnoush , R. Zargarpour ,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (6-2007)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Accurate measurement of bone height and width is essential prior to dental implant placement. The method of surgery as well as, the type and size of implants are determined according to dimensions of the residual bone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of linear tomography in localization of the floor of nasal fossa and maxillary sinus, and to determine the width of maxillary bone at the designated site for implant placement.
Materials and Methods: In this test evaluation study, the vertical distances between the alveolar crest and the floor of nasal fossa and the floor of maxillary sinus was measured by the tomographic slices in 12 sites of three dry human skulls. In addition, the width of maxillary bone was measured at the same slices. The skulls were then sectioned through the marked places. Then the radiographic values were compared with the real values of bone sections.
Results: After correction of tomographic values by the magnification factor of the unit, the mean absolute measurement error for vertical values at nasal fossa and maxillary sinus area in tomographic slices were 0.28 mm (SD= 0.24) and 1.1 mm (SD= 0.68) respectively. The mean absolute measurement error for maxillary width at the nasal fossa and maxillary sinus area were 0.65 mm (SD= 0.50) and 0.55 mm (SD= 0.45) respectively. 100 % of vertical values at nasal fossa area and 50 % of vertical values at maxillary sinus area were within ± 1 mm error limit. In addition, 50 % of width measurements at nasal fossa area and 83.3 % at maxillary sinus area were within ± 1 mm error limit.
Conclusion: The linear tomography is more accurate in height estimation at nasal fossa area and in width estimation at maxillary sinus area. The accuracy of linear tomography in height and width estimation is within acceptable limits at both nasal fossa and maxillary sinus area.
H. Siadat, A. Mirfazaelian , M. Alikhasi , M. Mohammad Alizadeh ,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (1-2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: An important criterion for success assessment of implant-supported prostheses is marginal fit. Vertical and horizontal discrepancy can result in loosening of the prosthetic screw, crestal bone resorption, peri-implantitis and loss of osseointegration. Despite careful attention to waxing, investing, and casting, marginal discrepancies are inevitable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal gap and overhang in three casting methods with two different alloys in ITI implants.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental in vitro study 48 analog abutments were randomly divided into six groups as follows: 1) burn out cap + BegoStar, 2) impression cap + BegoStar, 3) conventional wax up + BegoStar, 4) burn out cap + Verabond2, 5) impression cap + Verabond2, 6) conventional wax up + Verabond2. Waxing was done in 0.7 mm thickness verified by a digital gauge and a putty index was made for all groups. Reamer was used for correction of the finish line after casting in all groups. Castings were seated on analog abutments and embedded in acrylic resin. Specimens were sectioned by isomet instrument and polished and cleaned by ultrasonic cleaner for 10 min. The marginal gap and overextended margins of castings were examined under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (X200). The mean gap and margin overextension were calculated for each group. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis and Bonferroni post-hoc test with p<0.05 as the level of significance.
Results: No significant difference in gap size was observed among the three casting methods with two alloys (P=0.056). The marginal gap was not different in the studied casting methods (P=0.092). Gold alloy crowns showed lower marginal gaps compared to base metal alloy crowns (P<0.001). No significant difference in overhang size was observed among casting methods with two alloys (P=0.093). Base metal alloy crowns showed less overhang compared to gold alloy crowns (P<0.001). There was a significant correlation between overhang and use of impression cap in base metal alloys (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, vertical discrepancy of frameworks made with gold alloy were less than those made with base metal alloy. Base metal alloy demonstrated less overhang. Conventional wax up or using burn out caps produced less horizontal discrepancy.
M. Paknejad, M. Kashfi, N. Moslemi,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (12-2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Soft tissue condition around dental implant is an essential part for long term healthy and esthetic outcome. The aim of this study was to compare soft tissue dimensions between implant supported single tooth replacement and the contra-lateral natural tooth.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed on dentate patients treated with anterior single tooth implant at least 1 year ago. Of twenty eight, fourteen patients had been treated with one stasge method and others with two stage method. Biologic width (BW), papilla index (PI), and mucosal thickness (MT) were evaluated around implants and contra-lateral teeth clinically and compared with each other. The Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney test, and Student pair t-test were used to assess the differences between one stasge and two stage implants, and implant and tooth groups.
Results: The mean BW around one stasge implants, two stage implants, and contra-lateral teeth were 1.42±0.48 mm, 1.67±0.48 mm, and 1.47±0.60 mm, respectively. The mean PI adjacent to one stasge implants, Two stage implants, and contra-lateral teeth were 2.50±0.52, 2.53±0.55, and 2.72±0.47, correspondingly. The mean MT around one stasge implants, two stage implants, and contra-lateral teeth were 3.10±0.48, 3.09±0.75, and 2.57±0.88, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among one stasge implants, two stage implants, and contra-lateral teeth with regard to measured variables.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this investigation, in standard condition, it seems that there is no noticeable difference in indicators of biologic width, papilla index, and mucosal thickness around one stasge implants, two stage implants, and contra-lateral teeth.
S. Nikzad, A. Azari, H. Bashizade Fakhar,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (8-2009)
Abstract
It is quite often for general practitioners who want to use implants in their routine treatments to face with the problem of unfamiliar radiographic techniques commonly prescribed in modern implantology. These types of radiograph, which could show the jaws in multiple aspects, are not routinely used by general practitioners. However, for sophisticated very delicate treatment options like implantology, the main problem is that "a metal object want to be placed in an undercut-full and zigzag area like bone", and the so called plain radiographs cannot be used for this purposes without difficulty. In this literature review, based on the data of the most powerful databases including COCHRANE and PUBMED, the necessity of using cross-sectional techniques in pre-implant treatment discussed in detail.
M. Panjnosh, H. Siadat, M. Alikhasi, M. Alihoseini,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (11-2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: It is well recognized that implant treatment is common worldwide, but the approach to success is not predictable because of bone loss that occurs around the implants. Also there are many factors affecting crestal bone loss around the implants that one of them is the surgical protocol of implant installation. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the amount of crestal bone loss around the Replace implants installed according to submerged and non- submerged treatment protocol.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 11 patients received 34 implants. In each patient (unilateral or bilateral mandible), one of the implants was placed with submerged procedure and in the other one non- submerged procedure was used. In a period of 3 months a temporary partial denture that covered the implants was used. After 3 months the submerged fixture was exposed, impression was performed and fixed prosthesis was fabricated. Loss of crestal bone at each implant was measured. These measurements have been done at surgical times, over a period of 3 months after implant installation and 6 months after the delivery of the fixed prosthesis. The measurement was done with digital subtraction radiography. Data was analyzed by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test.
Results: Three months after implant placement, submerged groups showed statistically more crestal bone loss (0.65±0.71) than non-submerged (0.41±0.53) group (p=0.02). After 6 months the mean value of crestal bone loss in submerged group was 0.21±0.40 mm and in non submerged group was 0.29±0.49 mm. This data indicated no statistically significant difference between the two groups of implants (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Our results are in accordance with previously published studies and confirm that the value of crestal bone loss in submerged and non-submerged groups after 3 and 6 months were similar and in acceptable limit.
K. Seyedan, R. Nahidi,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (1-2010)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Soft tissue management with providing the esthetic for restoration of a single implant in the anterior maxilla is of great importance. Tissue training helps to develop a proper emergence profile and natural tooth appearance. The aim of this article was to report a nonsurgical management of undesirable contours of soft tissue around maxillary anterior implants to achieve an optimum appearance.
Materials and Methods: A 23-year-old female with congenital missing of maxillary lateral incisors, after completion of a fixed orthodontic treatment and gain enough space, received 2 dental implants. After second phase surgery and healing period, construction of the restorations was not possible through conventional method because of severe soft tissue collapse. In this case, soft tissue contours were corrected using a provisional restoration and then final restoration was made and delivered.
Conclusion: Tissue training with a provisional restoration helps to re-establish normal gingival tissue contours and interdental papillae around the restoration of maxillary anterior implants.
S. Nikzad, A. Azari,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (6-2010)
Abstract
Surgical and prosthodontic implant complications are often the case of inadvertent improper diagnosis, planning, and placement. These complications always pose a significant challenge in implant dentistry. In this article, it is attempted to depict a new technique in which advanced software program along with newly developed CAD/CAM technology called rapid prototyping will be used. This technology permits graphic and complex 3D implant simulation and then fabrication of computer-generated surgical templates. The best position of implants planned at first by taking into consideration of encased bone density of each implants and then existing occlusion. In this paper, the evolution of Computer Guided Implantology and the many benefits achieved from this very sophisticated technology described as a literature review.
R. Ghoveizi, Gh. Omati Shabestari, A. Mirfazaelian, R. Sadrimanesh, A. Mangali,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (6-2010)
Abstract
A procedure was explained to fabricate a surgical stent to aid the placement of maxillofacial implants for prosthetic auricular rehabilitation. An impression of the defect was made, and a wax pattern of the missing ear completed and evaluated on the patient. The definitive wax prosthesis was processed in clear acrylic resin. Also an occlusal maxillary splint was fabricated and joined to the acrylic resin ear by using an extraoral acrylic resin bar. Surgical stent provides proper orientation of the acrylic resin ear while remaining attached to the maxillary arch. This surgical stent can also be used for radiographic examination.
M. Panjnoush , M. Mirzaey , M. Tari ,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (10-2010)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Radiographic examination prior to implant placement is often complemented with tomography for location of vital anatomic structures and evaluation of bone volume. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Photostimulable Phosphor Plate system with that of conventional film-screen in mandibular pre-implant linear tomography
Materials and Methods: In this test evaluation study, tomograms of 2 dry human mandibles were taken using the both film-screen and Photostimulable Phosphor Plate. 10 sites were selected in each mandible and marked with gutta-percha. Distance of superior border to the mandibular canal and the total height and width of mandible were measured on the tomograms and also on the mandibles after sectioning. The radiographic values were compared with real ones.
Results: After correction of tomographic values by the magnification factor of the unit, the mean of absolute differences with reality in linear tomography using film-screen and Photostimulable Phosphor Plate for height of mandible were 0.59mm (SD=0.54) and 0.65mm (SD=0.72), respectively. The mean of absolute differences with reality in linear tomography using film-screen and Photostimulable Phosphor Plate for width of mandible were 0.34mm (SD=0.33) and 0.31mm (SD=0.33), respectively. In localization of the mandibular canal, the mean of absolute differences with reality were 0.54mm (SD=0.30 ) and 0.52mm (SD=0.56) for linear tomography using film-screen and Photostimulable Phosphor Plate, respectively. In linear tomography using film-screen, 100% of measurements for localization of the canal, 80% of height and 95% of width were with in ± 1mm error limits. In linear tomography using Photostimulable Phosphor Plate, 75% of measurements for localization of the canal, 75% of height and 95% of width were within ± 1mm error limits. There was no significant difference between linear tomography using film-screen and Photostimulable Phosphor Plate in localizing the mandibular canal and height and width estimation (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The accuracy of linear tomography using film-screen and Photostimulable Phosphor Plate in height and width estimation and localization of the canal is within acceptable limits.
R. Baghai Naini , S. Nokar , Sh. Borghei ,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (10-2010)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The All-on-4 design with its significant advantages is an appropriate model in reconstruction of edentulous mandible. Evaluation of stress and strain distribution in this model is necessary for better judgment. The purpose of this FEA study was to measure stress and strain distribution on peri-implant bone in All-on-4 design in edentulous mandible.
Materials and Methods: Three dimensional finite element model of human mandible was simulated according to data from CT-Scan of a cadaver. The model of 4×13.5 mm Nobel Biocare implant was simulated. Posterior implants were inserted in 452 inclination and anterior implants were parallel and vertical. Implants were splinted with a titanium bar and an acrylic superstructure was then simulated around the bar. Vertical loads of 178 N and 300 N were applied at incisor and left first molar positions, respectively. After meshing, defining boundary conditions and materials properties, analysis was performed with the aid of ABAQUS.
Results: Maximum Von-Mises stress of 38.9 MPa during anterior loading was located in peri-implant bone of anterior implants but maximum strain was observed in peri-implant bone of posterior implants. In posterior loading, maximum stress (77.3 MPa) was in peri-implant bone of posterior implant which was next to the place of load insertion. Maximum strain was found in the same area.
Conclusion: During posterior loading, significant amount of strain was observed in peri-implant bone of posterior angulated implant. As a result, there was a possibility of resorption in this area. During anterior loading, detected stress and strain was absolutely favorable.
Hr. Rajati Haghi , S. Nikzad , A. Azari , J. Kashani ,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (10-2010)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Freestanding fixed partial prosthesis is considered the first choice whenever possible. However, anatomical limitations for implants and other reasons may create situation in which it would be preferable to connect the implants to teeth. A biomechanical dilemma in a tooth/implant-supported system comes from dissimilar mobility. This disparity cause the bridge to function as a cantilever and a series of potential problems such as osseointegration loss, screw loosening arise. The aim of this study was to analyze the tooth-implant supported bridges in rigid/non-rigid connectors in cemented prostheses using finite element stress analysis.
Materials and Methods: In this study four three-dimensional models were simulated by use of Solid works software. These models are: 1-RCCP: rigid connector between tooth and implant, 2-NRC CP1: non-rigid connector at mesial side of implant, 3-NRC CP2: non-rigid connector at distal side of second premolar, 4-NRC CP3: non-rigid connector at the middle of pontic, The stress values of four models loaded with vertical forces (150 N) were analyzed.
Results: The maximum stress concentration was located at the crestal bone around implant and stress distribution was more balanced around the teeth except in the model of NRCCP2. Stress distribution was imbalanced in non-rigid connection especially in the NRCCP1 model. The presence of non-rigid connector in bridge increases the stress values in suprastructure and transfers to the adjacent structures. Conclusion: The tooth-implant supported prosthesis should be considered as a valuable prosthetic option. It could be suggested that if tooth and implant abutments are to be used together as fixed prostheses supports, rigid connector is the choice because the prosthesis and implant possess the inherent flexibility to accommodate dissimilar mobility characteristics.
