Showing 13 results for Periodontal Disease
M. lotfazar ,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (6-2002)
Abstract
This review was focused on investigations in the relationship between human leukocyte antigens and periodontal disease. Several studies have looked for relationship between HLA phenotypes and early onset periodontitis (EOP). There have also been reports on both positive and negative relationship between specific HLA antigens and periodontal disease. Positive relationship has been reported among HLA-A1, A9, A24, A28, A33, B15, B22, B35, B44, C4, DR2, DR4, DR7, DR53, DRB1, DQ3 and DQB1 antigens and different forms of EOP. Several studies have reported negative relationship with HLA-A2, A5, A10, A28, A68, B5, DR2 and DR6. Two antigens that appear to be more related to EOP are HLA-A9 and DR4. Evidence suggests that genes in this area are not genes with major effect for early-onset periodontal diseases. It is possible that genes in the MHC region of chromosome 6 may function as modifying genes that affect clinical expression of periodontal disease. However, additional documents are needed to evaluate the relationship of HLA antigens with periodontal disease. These documents should have adequate controls, which account for racial differences in HLA type and well-defined patient groups whose state of disease is described
M. Lotfazar ,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2003)
Abstract
Papillon Lefevre Syndrome (PLS) is a rare recessive autosomal disease, which is associated with palm and sole hyperkeratosis and early periodontium break down of deciduouse and permanent dentition. In the differential diagnosis of PLS, congenital form of palm and sole hyperkeratosis should be considered.Recently, mutation in catepesin C gene has been recognized as a genetic basis for PLS disease. In this disease, complete lack of catepesin C enzyme activity, due to the mutations on both allels, are observed. Actinobacillous actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) bacteria are presented as the main periodontal pathogene in PLS disease. The treatment results have been contradictory and no agreement has been obtained in this regard. Elimination of A.a bacteria and administration of synthetic retinoids are reported as a suitable treatment.
M. Ramezanian , A. Alizade ,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: Tooth extraction is always considered as the final treatment option in dentistry.Considering the numerous advances in dentistry, nowadays the preservation of the permanent teeth until old age is common. However, in most economically poor countries or those without security service insurance,the high rate of extraction, particularly among restorable teeth, is regrettable.
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the reasons for tooth extraction among patients referred to the faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2002.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 patients. The information about patient's general knowledge, oral health status, tooth location and causes of extraction were collected and recorded in a questionnaire. The data were submitted to statistical Chi-Square test.
Results: No statistically significant difference was found between two genders in their mentioned causes for extraction. The most prevalent reasons were as follows: Caries (50%), Periodontal diseases (16.6%). Absence of an acceptable occlusion, prosthetic problems, patient's request, etc... make up the remaining 33.4% of the reasons.
Conclusion: According to this study, it is suggested to investigate extraction etiology at the society level and if similar results are obtained, necessary steps should be taken to prevent caries and periodontal problems as the major mentioned causes for tooth extraction.
Y. Soleimani Shayeste. , Ar. Ghanbari ,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2004)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: Hemodialytic patients may be exposed to periodontal diseases during treatment. No information of any kind is available regarding the periodontal treatment needs of such patients.
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the periodontal treatment needs of hemodialytic patients, living in Tehran, to be presented to the public health system.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study using CPITN index 75 patients according to multi-stage sampling method and in proportion to the number of patients in Tehran were selected. Following necessary training, qualified subjects were chosen and a special questionnaire was completed for each using personal protection, CPITN index, by WHO prob, was examined and numbered according to (0-4) codes. Results: The findings showed that 10.6% of the patients had normal periodontal status (Code-0), 12% of the patients had bleeding upon probing (code-1), 21.4% had calculus (Code-2), 21% of the patients had shallow pockets (Code-3) and 24% had deep pockets. It was also shown that 89.4% of the patients needed oral hygiene instruction, 77.4% needed scaling and 24% required advanced periodontal treatments whereas only 10.6% did not need any treatment.
Conclusion: No statistically significant relationship was found between periodontal status and factors such as age, sex, the history of hemodialysis treatment and level of patients’ education.
L. Rashedi , Ar. Talaeipour, L. Rashedi ,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (5-2005)
Abstract
Background and Aim: It has been suggested that osteoporosis may be a predisposing factor for periodontitis and tissue destruction, thus periodontitis and mandibular bone density might be related. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical signs of periodontal tissue destruction in postmenopausal women.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 postmenopausal women (51 to 78 years of age) underwent radiographic examination of the right mandibular premolar. Mandibular bone density (MBD) was measured using optical densitometry. Periodontal status variables examined included: probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PLI). Data were analyzed by statistical tests using P<0.05 as the limit of significance.
Results: This study found no statistically significant association between the four indicators of periodontal disease and mandibular bone density, but there was statistically significant association between mandibular bone density and the number of remaining teeth. There was also statistically significant association between PPD and the number of remaining teeth.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that individuals with high MBD seem to retain teeth with deep periodontal pockets more easily than those with lower MBD.
Sh. Zadeh Modarres , B. Amooian , S. Bayat Movahed , M. Mohammadi , L. Sheikholeslam , F. Sheikholeslam ,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (5-2007)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Low birth weight is a significant public health issue. Recent studies have suggested periodontal diseases as risk factor for preterm labor. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between gingival health and preterm labor in a sample of Iranian female population.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 201 pregnant women without any systemic diseases or other risk factors like psychotic conditions were selected. Ninety-nine of them had term labor (infant≥37 weeks) and 102 had preterm labor (infant<37 weeks). Bleeding index, pocket depth and debris index were measured. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests with p<0.05 as the level of significance.
Results: Bleeding index, probing depth and debris index showed statistically significant differences between preterm and term labor mothers (P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, there is a significant relationship between gingival health and duration of pregnancy. Consequently, periodontal diseases could be risk factor for preterm labor. Oral hygiene is strongly recommended to be included in pregnancy health programs.
F. Haghighati, M. Mousavi Jazi, B. Golestan, H. Kashani,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (12-2010)
Abstract
Background and Aims: There is not sufficient knowledge about the relationship between smoking and vertical bone loss in periodontal diseases. There are also important evidences which propose harmful effects of smoking on periodontal tissues including alveolar bone. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between smoking and prevalence and severity of vertical bone defects.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study consisted of 71 individuals with angular bone defects (case) and 69 individuals without angular bone defects (control) between 18 to 70 years old. People were selected by radiography, examining and filling up the questionnaire. Vertical bone defect was defined as interproximal bone resorption to the extent of ≥2mm with a clear angel towards the Mesial or Distal of root. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Result: The mean age of studied individuals was 37.14 years (±12.72). Among people with angular bone defects, 21.1% were light smokers and 25.4% were moderate-heavy smokers. There was a significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers in terms of smoking status and the chance of having angular bone defects (P=0.001). Simultaneous study of the effect of sex, age, brushing and smoking status showed that except sex, other variables have a significant effect on angular bone defects. The chance of having angular bone defects in light and heavy-moderate smokers was more than that in nonsmokers (adjusted OR=4.17 and adjusted OR=3.87, respectively).
Conclusion: These observations propose that smoking is related to increase in prevalence and severity of vertical bone defects. Smoking is considered as a potential risk factor for vertical periodontal bone loss.
Mahvash Mousavi Jazi, Mahsa Tarashi, Maryam Abdolrazaghi,
Volume 26, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Periodontitis does not affect on all patients by the same way. There are some risk factors in some people that make them more sensitive to progress of periodontitis. Smoking, uncontrolled diabetes, and special pathogens increase the risk of periodontitis. Other factors such as stress, depression and anxiety, are not crucial risk factors for periodontitis yet. Biologic explanation of this relation is that mental conditions and exposure to stressful situations can alter immune response. The aim of this study was to review the psychological factors of anxiety and depression associated with periodontitis.
Materials and Methods: For this review article, we have searched through internet by the following keywords periodontal disease, anxiety, depression. We have tried to cover almost all dental– related sites and journals as well as Pubmed from 1990-2010.
Conclusion: Most published studies support a positive relationship between periodontitis and several psycho-social factors. Life style, stressful conditions, hormonal changes, nonchalance in oral hygiene, habits such as smoking are predisposing factors in periodontal diseases.
Ebrahim Akbari, Ali Mashhadi, Zeinab Azimi, Raheleh Abbas Nazhad, Ahamd Amiri Pichakolaei,
Volume 30, Issue 4 (1-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aims: While there are a lot of information about an illness risk factors, there are still some gaps in understanding factors influencing the progression of disease. Given the important role of psychological factors in physical conditions, the purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive emotion regulation, stress, depression, anxiety, and stress related to life events in people with and without periodontal disease.
Materials and Methods: The type of this study was causal comparative. Research society was all clients referred to dental clinics in Lamerd and Mehr cities, then 50 people with and 50 people without periodontal disease (male and female, 15-49 years old) were selected using purposive sampling. The group without periodontal disease was matched with patient group in terms of demographic characteristics. Both groups completed cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), and life events questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS version 17 using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
Resultes: Data analysis showed that people with periodontal disease had more stress, depression, anxiety, and stress related to life events than matched control group. The groups had significant differences in the components of self-blame, rumination, positive attention to evaluation and catastrophizing (P<0.05). People with periodontal disease had higher scores in self-blame, rumination and catastrophizing and lower scores in positive attention to evaluating compared with matched control group.
Conclusion: The results showed people who were vulnerable to stressfull situations, depression, and anxiety during their lives, and also use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, were more susceptible to periodontal disease.
Yalda Elham, Neda Moslemi, Hoda Barati,
Volume 31, Issue 4 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease with unknown etiology. One of the most common manifestations of patients with oral lichen planus is gingival involvement in the form of generalized erythematous areas. The aim of this study was to review the articles evaluating the role of plaque control on the gingival manifestations of oral lichen planus.
Materials and Methods: Motor searches of Ovid Medline and EM base databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched for article published between January 1990 and December 2017 using of relevant key words. After reviewing the abstracts of articles, 20 full articles were selected and among them, 7 relevant articles were reviewed in this study.
Conclusion: From the literature, it was concluded that effective plaque control is the main part of lesions treatment and improvement of symptoms and gingival manifestations of oral Lichen planus.
Roxana Sadeghamalnikraftar, Maryam Rezai Dastjerdi, Hemat Gholinia, Babak Amoian,
Volume 32, Issue 1 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Removable partial denture (RPDs) is a common therapy for rehabilitation of partialy edentulous patients while RPD causes a lot of periodontal problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RPDs made in Babol dental school on the periodontal health of abutment and non-abutment teeth.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 70 patients who were candidates for RPDs divided into four groups according to Kennedy classification. The following periodontal parameters were evaluated for abutment and non-abutment teeth, plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), width of keratinized gingiva, bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), tooth mobility (TM) and gingival recession. This clinical measurement was taken immediately before insertion of the RPD, then one, three, and six months later. These parameters were then analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Independent sample t-test, Covariance, Chi-square statistical tests.
Results: In Class I; the mean score for the width of keratnized gingiva (P<0.001), PPD (P=0.002), and BOP (P<0.001) of the abutment and non-abutment teeth were significantly different after 1 month. After 3 months there were significant differences with regard to the PI (P=0.01), width of keratnized gingiva (P<0.001), BOP (P<0.001) and PPD (P<0.001). After 6 months, only the PI, CI, and TM parameters were not statistically significant. In Class II; the mean score for width of keratnized gingiva (P<0.001) and PI (P=0.002) after 1 month, width of keratnized gingiva (P<0.001), BOP (P=0.02), PPD (P=0.05) and TM (P=0.03) after 3 months and width of keratnized gingiva (P<0.001), PI (P=0.04), BOP (P<0.001) and TM (P=0.03) after six months were statistically significant. In Class III; only gingival recession did not show any significant difference at 1 and 3 months later. The width of keratnized gingiva (P<0.001), PI (P=0.001), BOP (P<0.001) and TM (P=0.03) after 6 months were statistically significant.
Conclusion: This study showed that RPDs affect the periodontal condition of both abutment and non-abutment teeth, which can be reduced by more precise design of the prosthesis, periodontal follow ups and good oral hygiene.
Arezoo Khabazian, Fateme Azarnoosh, Sayed Mohsen Sadeghi,
Volume 33, Issue 2 (8-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Periodontal diseases are prevalent and are not only a threat to oral and dental health of patients and community, but also affect the quality of life associated with oral health. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the quality of life associated with oral health in patients with periodontitis and gingivitis.
Materials and Methods: 47 patients with gingivitis and moderate to severe chronic periodontitis referred to the periodontology department of Yazd Dental School in 2019 were studied. OHIP-14 validated questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life related to oral health. At the beginning of the study, both groups completed the questionnaire. Then scaling and root planning for periodontitis group and scaling for gingivitis group were done. Patients completed the questionnaires again 9-12 weeks after periodontal treatment. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 using independent T-test, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.
Results: The mean score of quality of life in patients with gingivitis was 19.18±11.68 before the treatment and 13.26 ±11.41 after treatment. The mean score of quality of life in patients with periodontitis was 23.29±9.80 before treatment and 13.95±9.68 after treatment. All the differences between groups before and after treatment were statistically significant (showing better quality of life after the treatment) (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean score of quality of life related to oral health in the studied patients according to the age and sex (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, treatment of periodontal diseases improves quality of life related to oral health in patients with gingivitis and moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.
Maryam Rabiei, Mohammad Hossein Heidari, Enayatollah Homaei Rad, Mohammad Samami,
Volume 36, Issue 0 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The evaluation of the results of health transformation plan in dentistry, which started in March 2016 with the aim of improving oral and dental health, is extremely important in order to improve planning for future actions. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the health transformation plan on common oral health indices in Guilan province in Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed using the Health Deputy of Guilan University of Medical Sciences data and results of the general population and housing census of the 2010 and 2015. Data analysis was done using Ordinary Least Squares regression method, considering dependent variables including DMFT, dmft and periodontal disease indices (CPI) and independent variables including gender, education, urban or rural residence, percentage of 13-year-old population, illiteracy rate, fertility rate and being or not in the transformation plan, to investigate the difference between the two groups before and after the implementation of the transformation plan in terms of variables and to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Finally, data were analyzed by STATA SE software version 15.
Results: The health transformation plan did not have a significant relationship with the change of DMFT and CPI 2 to CPI 6 indices, but had succeeded in reducing dmft and CPI1 (P<0.05), which reduction in CPI1 index was not desirable.
Conclusion: It seems that despite the extensive activities of the health transformation plan in dentistry in the field of prevention and treatment, there is still a need for more changes, especially in terms of culture and education. Also, there is need to provide more facilities for access to services by all sections of the society, especially the weak sections for healthcare.
