Ah. Fakhraee , M. Eslami , Ar. Hosseini Kakroodi ,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (1-2004)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: Dental practices such as oral, periodontal and endodontic surgeries cause damages to the intraoral tissues, so having knowledge of the dental procedures that necessiciate endocarditis prophylaxis is of high importance.
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the knowledge level of dental senior students in Tehran dental faculties about endocarditis
Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional descriptive- analytic study, 253 senior students of four dentistry faculties in Tehran took part as follows: Tehran University: 71 students (M:42, F:29), Shahid Beheshti University: 74 students (M:40, F:34), Shahed University: 35 students (M:35, F:38), Azad University:73 students (M:35, F:38). The questionnaire used in this research consisted of three parts as follows: part one:
information on cardiac diseases, part two: dental procedures requiring endocarditis prophylaxis, part three:antibiotic diet in endocarditis prophylaxis. Sex and place of education of the students were also studied in detail. For statistical analysis, Chi-square test was used.
Results: On the basis of the sex, the correct answers of the female respondents of different universities wereranked as: Azad University: 72.5%, Tehran University: 71.1%, Shahid Beheshti: 57%, ShahedUniversity:55.7%. In the same way, the male respondents were reported as: Tehran Universitys: 71.6%, Azad University:66.2%, Shahed University: 57.3%, Shahid Behesti University: 52.1%, On the basis of the place of education,the following results were reported: Tehran University students managed to answer 71.3% , Azad University,Shahed University and Shahid Beheshti University students could answer 69.5%, 56.5% and 54.6%,respectively. All these differences were statistically significant, indicating that first ranked students have more information than the students of other schools.
Conclusion: It is recommended to develop more practical training programme in dental schools on cardiac
diseases, dental procedures requiring endocarditis prophylaxis and antibiotic diets.
Ah. Fakhraei , F. Jabal Ameli , G. Ghobadi ,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (5-2005)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: One of the most important complications after tooth extraction and oral and maxillofacial surgery is transient bacteraemia and prescription of prophylactic antibiotic is necessary to prevent postoperative infections in immunocompromised patients.
Purpose: The aim of this study was the evaluation of cephalexin and amoxicillin concentrations in dental alveolar sockets following tooth extraction.
Materials and Methods: In this interventional study, 80 healthy patients subjected to tooth extraction were divided into two groups. Each group received 1 gr amoxicillin or cephalexin and teeth were extracted 30-60-90-120-180 minutes after antibiotic intake. Blood sampling was performed immediately after extraction and concentrations of two antibiotics were measured in microbiology laboratory. ANOVA test and Post-hoc (Duncan) test were used for statistical analysis with P<0.05 as the limit of significance.
Results: The maximum serum concentration was 10.1006 μg/ml for amoxicillin at 120 minutes and 41.5467 μg/ml for cephalexin at 90 minutes after drug intake. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cephalexin and amoxicillin for Streptococcus sanguis was 2 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml respectively.
Conclusion: The mean concentration for amoxicillin was 10 times and for cephalexin was 20 times higher than MIC.
M. Hashemipour, Mr. Korki,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (12-2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Infective endocarditis is a rare disease resulted in mortality and morbidity in 10-80% of patients. The purpose of present study was to investigate the knowledge of guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial endocarditis in a group of Iranian dentists.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study in which the population under study was 205 who were participated in the 47th international congress of dentistry (Tehran-Spring 2007) and they were chosen by census sampling methods. Nameless questionnaires were designed and were given to the dentists to complete. The t-test, χ² and spearman with the SPSS 13.5 program were used in the data analysis. P<0.05 was considered as the level of significance.
Results: Regarding to the prescribing of prophylactic antibiotic for patients with prosthetic cardiac valves, 94.6% of all answers were correct. Also, the most common procedures in which the prophylaxis antibiotic was distinguished to be necessary were periodontal surgery, scaling, dental extraction and using subgingival cord, respectively. More than half of the dentists (65.8%) had chosen amoxicillin as a prophylactic antibiotic. Mean knowledge score was 38.77±12.4.
Conclusion: Results of the present study showed that the knowledge of dentists about prescribing antibiotics for prevention of bacterial endocarditis is relatively low. It was also found that the level of knowledge decreases by passing time from graduation.
Afshin Yadegari Naeeni, Masoud Vatani, Bahareh Botlani Yadegar,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Despite advances in trauma management, treatment of the consequent infections has remained a major challenge. Antibiotic prophylaxis has been widely applied to reduce such infections. Although bacteria are present in most body parts, severe infections after treatment are less frequent in the head and neck of healthy individuals. The aim of the present study was to review the reasonable application of antibiotic prophylaxis in maxillofacial trauma.
Materials and Methods: In this review article, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies on antibiotic prophylaxis in maxillofacial trauma published during 2000-2014.
Conclusion: Antibiotics were not prescribed for tears and small clean wounds in the face and mouth. However, prophylaxis was applied for extensive mouth injuries which involved the facial skin. In case of maxillofacial fractures, 24-hour administration of antibiotics sufficed for compound fractures of the mandible and other parts of the face. Antibiotics were not required in other types of fractures. Prophylaxis should be applied over short pre- or post-operative periods based on the severity and complexity of maxillofacial fractures and their relations with intra- and extraoral environments. Apparently, more detailed studies are warranted to further clarify the subject.
