Journal of Dental Medicine

Mesenchymal- epithelial interactions during embryogenesis have been shown to be important in the fetal development of many organs. Identification of molecules that modulate these interactions is key to our understanding of the pathological conditions. The major groups of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules characterized are glycosaminoglycans that candidate for morphogenesis and differentiation of ceils and tissues. In this study the molecules of ECM were considered in tooth development, pregnant female mice of balb-c were stained (vaginal plug=0 day) and embryos (E12-E19) and newborns (PN1-PN9) were collected. Tissues were fixed, processed embedded and sectioned. Sections were stained with the following methods: Alcian Blue (pH=l), PAS-Alcian Blue (pH=2.5), Aician Blue(pH=5.8) prepared with for MgCL2 concentrations (CEC1- CEC4) and toluidin Blue. Non- parametric statistical test (Kruskall- Wallis) showed significant difference between groups from the point of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, carboxylated and sulfated glycosaminoglycan in pulp. It seems that the synthesis and secretion of components of ECM is important in morphogenic events and followed by a spatiotemporal pattern and developmentally regulated.

Statement of Problem: Root canal cleaning and elimination of the source of infection are the most important basis and the main requirements for successful root treatment since the main cause of failure in root treatment is the permeation of bacteria or their products into the periapical tissues. Nowadays, the newly designed and prcsented instruments for canal instrumentation can improve root treatment.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the decrease in the number of intracanal Enterococcus-faecalis (Ef) among three mechanical instrumentation methods: manual (K-type) and rotary (Race, Profile).

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 single rooted teeth were selected. Three cases were considered as negative and three cases as posetive controls and 24 remainder cases were divided into three experimental groups. All root canals were inoculated by Ef and samples were taken from all canals to prepare microbial cultures. The three instrumentation procedures were: - Crown- down technique with K-type manual system file - Crown- down technique with Profile rotary system - Crown- down technique wiht Race rotary system After instrumentation, microbial cultures were taken from root canals and the reduction rate of bacteria were evaluated and compared using one way ANOVA test with P<0.05 as the limit of significance.

Results: There was no significant difference among the three instrumentation procedures regarding bacterial elimination.

Conclusion: According to the finding of this study, K-type manual file, Profile and Race rotary systems, all can be used in canal instrumentaion. However, since manual files are more accessible and require less equipment compared with rotary systems, and since the ability of all of these methods is identical regarding bacterial elimination, manual files can be used in straight canal instead of rotary systems.

Background and Aim: Recent advances in technology have permitted manufacturers to produce endodontic files from NiTi alloy and rotary systems. According to manufacturers, these files maintain original canal shape better than hand files and reduce treatment time. The aim of this study was to compare a new rotary system (Race) with an older one (Profile) in maintaining the original shape of curved canal and the working length as well as the procedural accidents rate.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 polyester blocks with curved canals (45 ), were fabricated and divided into 2 groups. After primary working length determination and staining with methylene blue, photographs were taken. Canal preparation was done with Profile and Race rotary systems according to manufacturers and working length was measured again. Canal staining by eosin was performed and photographs were taken for the second time. The two images were superimposed and changes in canals anatomy in 5 sections were recorded. Data were analyzed by t test with p<0.05 as the limit of significance.

Results: There was no significant difference in inner and outer canal walls transportation between 2 groups (P> 0.05). Changes in working lengths and procedural accidents were similar in the studied groups (P> 0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, changes in canal anatomy and working length of simulated severely curved canals as well as procedural accidents rate are similar in two rotary systems and both are suitable for canal preparation.

Background and Aim: Many methods and techniques of canal preparation work well in large and relatively straight canals. However, in severely curved canals, the complexity increases markedly, and techniques rendering good results in usual cases may be unsuccessful. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of five root canal preparation techniques on original canal anatomy in simulated severely curved canals.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental in vitro study, 100 simulated canal blocks with similar hardness were made from polyester. The degree of curvature was 45º with a radius of 2.55 mm and a straight part of 8mm. The blocks were prepared with five different techniques (20 canals in each group) as follows: 1-Stepback 2- Passive step back 3- Balanced force using flex-R files 4- Balanced force using Ni-Ti hand instruments 5- Hybrid using a rotary Ni-Ti system (XtremRace). Digital photographs were taken from pre- and post instrumentation colored canals. Then images were superimposed and analyzed by an image editing software. The amount of removed material from the inner and outer canal walls was measured at five levels: 1-The canal orifice (O) 2-The halfway between the orifice and the beginning of the curve (HO) 3-The beginning of the curve (BC) 4-The apex of the curve (AC) and 5-The endpoint of preparation (EP). Additionally, the time of instrumentation, instrument failure and changes in working length were recorded. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis tests with p<0.05 as the limit of significance.

Results: Mean transportation was towards the outer aspect of the curve at the EP in all canals but there were no significant differences between the studied groups. At the BC point, all of the canals were transported towards the inner aspect of the curve and there were significant differences for both transportation values & direction among different groups. The highest amount of transportation was in step back and the lowest, in hybrid group. The highest transportation value was in step back and the lowest in balanced force group. Fractured and deformed instruments were observed in Flex-R files. The shortest canal preparation time was seen in XtremRace and the slowest, in Passive step back groups (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, changes in canal curvature were less with techniques using nickel titanium instruments and the fastest technique with least transportation was XtremRace.