Showing 45 results for Radiograph
K. Khosravi , F. arbabzadeh ,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (7-2001)
Abstract
Carious lesions are usually found by dentists, using bitewing radiographs, and according to the depth of the lesions, the treatment plan is designed. At the present, this technique is the most accepted one and is used generally. But it is not a perfect technique and there are some errors in determining of depth of proximal carious lesions. These errors are mainly related to the use of new high-speed films with broad density and lower voltages. In this study, dentin thickness under proximal caries in bitewing radiography was compared with its real thickness, in tooth structure. Twenty-four teeth samples with proximal caries were used. Before and after removal of carious lesions bitewing radiographs were taken and then each tooth was sectioned occlusogingivally and the thickness of dentine under proximal caries and on bitewing radiographs were measured under microscope with 0.01 mm accuracy. Mean value of dentine thickness in tooth structure was 41% of its mean thickness in bitewing radiographs, showing 59% difference (reduction). Therefore, more care should be taken in using standard technique and interpreting of bitewing radiographs by clinicians. Clinical examinations also should be performed in ideal conditions, and patients should be clinically and radiographically examined every six months.
Ar. Talaeipour , Gh. Mohammadian , D. ghoudarzi ,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (8-2001)
Abstract
Osteodystrophy is one of the most common complications at the last stage of renal disease,which cause low bone mineral density (BMD) and skeletal deformities in patients. In this study evaluation of renal osteodystrophy was evaluated through BMD measurement of 45 under dialysis and 78 healthy persons by intra-oral digital radiography (RVG). Results Showed that:1- The average of BMD in hemodialysis patients was indeed lower than normal population (P^O.OOO).2- The mean of BMD of females was lower than males (P=0.021).3- There was no correlation between and BMD (P=0.560).4- Age and BMD had no significant relationship (P=0.648).5- There was negative correlation between alkaline and BMD therefore ALP is a useful predictive factor forBMD(P=0.002).
Ar. Talaeipour , M. Shaikholeslami, N. Ramazankhani ,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (9-2001)
Abstract
One of the major factors in a successful root canal therapy is the determination of root length before canal preparation. Radiography has been proved to be useful in this case, but nowadays for reducing radiation, radiovisiography has been recommended. The aim of this study was comparing conventional radiography (CR) with radiovisiography (RVG) in determination of canal length. 101 anterior and posterior extracted human teeth were selected. After mounting in unolit block, K- file (Num. 15) was placed in canal with tactile sense. Working length was measured by C.R and RVG. The results were analyzed by complete, randomized block design. RVG and CR showed shorter length than actual length. But, the measured lengths did not show significant statistical differences. As a result, considering the advantages of RVG, it is recommended in determining canal length.
H. Bashizadehfakhar, A. Talaeepour , A. Dabbaghi ,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2002)
Abstract
Nowadays, bone mass estimation, through imaging methods, is widely used in metabolic diseases diagnosis and treatment. One of these methods is called "optical densitometry" which estimates bone density by measuring the intensity of the transmitted light on different parts of a radiographic image. Digital radiography systems act similarly by determining grey levels of the image. The aim of this study is comparing two different methods of optical densitometry and a digital system densitometry known as radiovisiography. 45 samples, containing urografin with three different concentrations, were imaged, by both radiovisiogrphy (RVG) and conventional film systems. To determine the densitometry of films and radiovisiography images, optical densitometry and bone densitometry option of the RVG software, were applied respectively. Data were analyzed and compared for their reliability (repeatability) and correlations with concentration. In RVG densitometry system, the correlation with concentration is moderate (r=0.42) and intra samples and intra group reliability are 97.68% and 88.19%. Moreover, in conventional optical film densitometry, correlation with concentration (r=0.987) is high, intra samples and intra group reliability is high, intra samples and intra group reliability are 99.97% and 99.84%, respectively. According to the results, it is suggested that conventional film optical densitometry is more precise and reliable than RVG densitometry.
Sa. Miremadi , Ar. Rokn , A. Nikbakht ,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (1-2003)
Abstract
In the past two decades, replacement of the missing teeth with implant borne prosthesis has become a treatment modality, accepted by the scientific community for fully and partially edentulous patients. The aim of the present study is to evaluate retrospectively, 502 ITI dental implants application, in partial and complete edentulous patients, treated in two private centers, based on clinical and radiographic parameters.One hundred and forty patients, with 502 ITI dental implants, who were treated from 1994 to 2000 in two private centers, were investigated. For such patientsT a minimum of one year and a maximum of six years were passed since prosthesis placement over implants, so they were cooperative subjects. There was a significant relation between implant type and bone loss, so was between the presence and absence of BOP and the rate of bone loss. From totality 502 implants, 6 implants (28%) and 4 implants (1.4%) were lost, in maxilla and mandible, respectively. The total success rate was 98%. This rate, in maxilla with 212 implants was 97.2% and in mandible with 90 implants was 98.6%. The mean value of bone loss (RBL) and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) during 6 years, for the remaning 492 implants were 0.93±0.39mm and 1.99mm, respectively. The results showed that ITI dental implants, with a success rate of more than 97%, can be used as a desirable treatment choice in partial and complete edentulous patients.
M. Pangnoosh , H . Bashizadeh Fakhar ,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (5-2003)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: Computer Sciences, in radiology, like other fields, is of high importance. It should also be noted that the accuracy of the technique and work conditions affects the radiographs information considerably. There for, in order to get more accurate diagnostic information, it seems necessary to investigate different digitized radiographic techniques and to compare them with the conventional technique.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of conventional and digitized radiographic images by three digitization techniques in proximal caries detection.
Material and Methods: In this research study, sixty extracted human canines, premolars and molars were mounted in blocks and imaged on E-Kodak film, similar to bitewing radiographs. Ten bitewing radiographs were then scanned at 600 d.p.i with flat bed scanner and a digital camera, then digitized at 300 d.p.i with another digital camera. The digitized images were displayed randomly on a high-resolution monitor. Six
observers assessed the caries status of 120 proximal surfaces by conventional and digitized images. The observer's scores were compared with the results of the macroscopic examination. Reliability of each technique was calculated. Data were analyzed using chi-square and ANOVA tests.
Results: No significant differences were detected between different techniques in intact proximal surfaces and enamel caries diagnosis. However, digital techniques were more sensitive in dentin caries detection (P<0.05).
Conclusions: When conventional film images are digitized, medium resolution (300 d.p.i) seems to be sufficient. At this resolution the file size is decreased and there is no significant loss of the information necessary for caries diagnosis.
Ar. Talaeipour , M. Panjnoush , N. Anbiaei ,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: Subtraction is a newly presented radiography technique to detect minor density changes that are not visible by conventional radiography.
Purpose: The aim of this In-vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of photoshop subtraction software for detecting minor density changes between two dental images.
Materials and Methods: In this research, five dried human mandibles were held in fixed position while thin aluminium sheets were superimposed on each mandible on the 1th and 2nd molar teeth regions.A reference image, without aluminium sheet placement, was obtained from each mandible subsequently series consist of 20 images with aluminium sheets, ranging from 50p. to "5Q0"x were recorded by radiovisiography (RVG) system. Initial images were subtracted from subsequent ones by Photoshop subtraction software. The difference in density between the two images at the 1st and 2nd molar sites was related to the aluminium sheets. The optical density of aluminium sheets was determined by densitometer.
Results: In the present study, 6.6% of the optical density changes of the minimum aluminium thickness as 300u. could be detected by photoshop software software.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the accuracy of photoshop subtraction software was equal to that of the conventional subtraction softwares. Additionally, the accuracy of this software was proved to be suitable for clinical investigations of small localized changes in alveolar bone.
H. Bashizadeh Fakhar , Sa Fatemi Tabar ,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: One of the major goals, in most dental researches, is to measure bone destruction or deposition due to the progression or regression of disease. Failure of human eyes to detect minor radiographic density changes resulted in more accurate methods such as optical densitometry and direct or indirect digital densitometry.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of a newly proposed method of indirect digital densitometry using modified Photoshop software.
Materials and Methods: Radiographs from 37 samples of urografin solution with three concentrations (12.5%, 25% and 37.5%) were taken on dental radiographic films no.2 and digitized by a scanner. A region with 800*800 pixels was cropped from each image and compressed with the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression algorithm and saved. These new images were then put into registration with new algorithm using MATLAB software version 6.1. This algorithm assigned each image and average pixel value (between 0 and 255). The association between concentration and calculated values for each image was tested with regression analysis and the meaning fullness of differences between calculated values was also analysis by ANOVA test. Tukey HSD and Alpha Krunbach were used whenever needs.
Results: Regression analysis revealed significant correlation between concentration and calculated average pixel value (r=0.883). The differences between average of pixels value for different concentration was significant (P=0.0001). Pixel values showed a good intra- sample and intra-group repeatability (Alpha Krunbach: a=99.96%, a=99.68%).
Conclusion: This method due to its high accuracy, easy usage and densitometer independency can be considered as a suitable alternative for conventional densitometry methods.
D. Goodarzipoor, Sh. Shahrabi Farahani , H. Vahedi Gashniani ,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (6-2004)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: One of the dental lesions which is mainly diagnosed by periapical radiography is apical root resorption Diagnosis of the presence and extension of this lesion can put some effects on its treatment plan and prognosis.
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of periapical radiography on apical root resorption diagnosis. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, sixty extracted teeth were examined radiographic and histological regarding the presence and extension of apical root resorption. It should be noted that periapical radiographs were taken before extraction of all mentioned teeth. The results were analyzed by Fisher’s exact test.
Results: The results of this study showed significant differences between radiological and histological examinations (P=0.0003). Significant correlation between these two observations was seen only in 53.33% of cases comprising 23% of teeth with root resouption. Non-correlation was found in 46% of samples. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of apical root resorption between maxillary and mandibular teeth (P=0.233). Sensitivity of periapical radiographs in apical root resorption diagnosis was determined 57.3%. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it seems that periapical radiography technique does not possess desirable efficacy in diagnosis of apical root resorption and its limitation should be considered by clinicians.
Mt. Chiisazi , Kaviarri F., J. Yazdani ,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (1-2005)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: In spite of the limitations of Radiography, diagnosing of periodontal diseases without having accurate radiographs is inadequate because it provides a visible image of the supporting bone to the clinician and works as a fixed measure of the supporting bone during the study.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the precision of preiapical, bitewings and panoramic radiographs in determining the distance between the alveolar crest (AC) and cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of teeth.
Materials and Methods: Statistically this is a survey study in which 120 interproximal surfaces of teeth were measured during surgery by periodontal probing and recorded as the actual measurement. Then 40 sites underwent bitewing, 40 sites preapical and 40 others panoramic radiography and the distance of CEJ up to the alveolar crest of bone was measured on them by periodontal probe and recorded. Then each group was analyzed separately and the Pearson's correlation coefficient was examined for the data.
Results: The results of this study showed that when the thickness of the remaining bone in a millimeter limit
is important for (he surgeon, the bitewing radiography has a prime importance, but when bone loss is
moderate, the panoramic radiography showing %89 of the cases close to the actual measure, can be
acceptable. On the other hand, in anterior sites for determining the bone alteration, preiapical radiography
with a 0.93 correlation coefficient is superior to the panoramic radiography with a correlation coefficient of
0.72 and we suggest it for examining the changes of bone in these sites.
Conclusion: whenever the bone alteration is moderate or severe, it seems that, bitewing radiography is of
particular importance, but when the bone loss is little, panoramic radiography can be used and there is no need
to put the patient on unnecessary radiation.
Ar. Talaei Pour , S. Mehralizadeh , A. Mesgarzadeh ,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2005)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: Computed tomography (CT) has proved to be the most precise method to evaluate the quantity of jaw bones.In recent years, patient dose which is much more greater in CT than conventional methods has attracted more attention, and has brought the idea of using the conventional method in more accurate ways or applying new methods with lower doses.
Purpose:radiovisiography for presurgical evaluation of endosseous implants.
Materials and Methods: measured with the two aforementioned techniques. To determine the magnification factor, an acrylic stent with spherical lead markers with known diameter, has been used. Then in intra-operative phase, this distance was measured directly on the patient’s jawbone. To assess the significance of differences from radiography results and the gold standard the binomial distribution was used.
Results:significant and there was no significant difference between RVG and visual method.
Conclusion:to conventional tomography.
Radiography is the main tool for presurgical assessment of endosseous implants.The goal of this study was the assessment of the accuracy of conventional tomography andDistance between alveolar margin and superior border of mental foramen wasFindings showed that the differences between conventional omography and visual methods wereThis study revealed that the radiovisiography method showed more precise results in comparison
F. Ezoddini Ardakani , D. Goodarzi Pour , M. Soltani Mohammadabady , ,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (5-2005)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Proper shaping and cleaning of the root canal system is one of the most important aspects of endodontic treatment. To estimate the canal length before instrumentation in endodontic treatment, traditionally, conventional radiographic techniques and recently Direct Digital Radiography (DDR) are applied. The application of computer technology to radiography has allowed less exposure time, image acquisition, manipulation, storage, retrieval, and transmission to remote sites in a digital format, elimination of wet processing and considerable reduction in the time lapse between image acquisition and display. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of DDR versus conventional radiography in estimating endodontic file lengths of curved canals in first mandibular molars.
Materials and Methods: In this test evaluation study, fourty extracted human first mandibular molars with root curvature were selected.Samples were divided into two groups: With root curvature less than 25 and more than 25. Samples were mounted in plaster blocks and canal lengths were estimated by using DDR and conventional radiographs. Regression analysis and correlation coefficient were used to calculate statistical differences between the groups with P<0.05 as the limit of significance.
Results: Conventional radiography was more precise in canals with less than 25 degrees curvature (P=0.160). While, DDR was more precise for canals with curvature more than 25 degrees (P=0.605). However, these differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The image quality of DDR system has improved to the point that it can now be used for estimating canal lengths, even for curved canals, with accuracy comparable to that of conventional radiography.
D. Goodarzi Pour , H. Bashizade , Ar. Talaeipour , A. Najafi Motlagh ,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (6-2007)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The goal of dental treatment is to improve oral hygiene, to maintain teeth and minimize the risk of diseases. Although data obtained from radiographs has distinct advantages to patients, the radiation side effects should be considered as well. FDA has developed a guideline for prescribing radiographs in the middle of the eighties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reasons of ordering panoramic radiographs and their accordance with FDA guidelines in Tehran dental school.
Materials and methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 250 patients referred from different departments of Tehran dental school to radiology department for panoramic radiography. Chief complaints and clinical findings of patients were recorded in a check list and compared with the FDA guidelines prescribed.
Results: Our findings showed that prescription of panoramic radiographs were in accordance with FDA guidelines in 97.2% of cases.
Conclusion: Based of the results of this study, the trend of panoramic radiography ordering in the dental school of Tehran university is adequate. This may be attributed to the academic field of this study.
H. Bashizadeh Fakhar, F. Abolhasani, T. Mohtavipour,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (10-2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Accurate bone measurements are essential to determine the optimal size and length of dental implants. The magnification factor of radiographic images may vary with the imaging technique used. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of linear tomography and panoramic radiography in vertical measurements, as well as the accuracy of linear tomography in mandibular width estimation.
Materials and Methods: In this test evaluation study, the vertical distances between the crest and the superior border of the inferior alveolar canal, marked with a metal ball, was measured by linear tomography and panoramic radiography in 23 sites of four dry mandible bones. Also the mandibular width was measured at the same sites. Then, the bones were sectioned through the marked spots and the radiographic measurements were compared with actual values.
Results: The vertical magnification factor in tomograms and panoramic radiographs was 1.79 (SD=0.17) and 1.69 (SD=0.23), respectively. The horizontal magnification of tomograms was 1.47 (SD=0.17). A significant correlation was found between the linear tomographic and actual values, regarding vertical dimensions (p<0.001, r=0.968) and width (p<0.001, r=0.813). The correlation was significant but lower in panoramic radiographs (p<0.001, r=0.795). Applying the magnification values suggested by the manufacturer, the mean difference of vertical measurements between the tomographic sections was 2.5 mm (SD=3.4) but 3.8 mm (SD=1.65) in panoramic radiographs. The mean of absolute difference in mandibular width between the tomographic sections and reality was 0.3mm (SD=1.13). In the linear tomograms, 4.3% of vertical and 56.5% of the width measurements were in the ±1mm error limit. Only 4.3% of the vertical measurements were within this range in the panthomographs. The linear regression equation between the actual values and those obtained by radiography in vertical dimensions showed that 87.5% of tomograms and 51.8% of panoramics were located in the ±1 mm error limit.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the linear tomography is more accurate than panoramic radiography in mandibular height estimation. The accuracy of linear tomography in width estimation is within acceptable limits.
A. Shirazi, Ar. Talaiepoor, Y. Noroozpoor, H. Bashizade Fakhar, A. Ghasemzade, N. Shakeri,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (12-2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Image distortion is one of the major problems in panoramic radiography. Horizontal and vertical correction factors could be determined for more efficient clinical applications. The purpose of this study was to determine horizontal and vertical correction factors in panoramic radiography.
Materials and Methods: In this test evaluation study in which an asymetric mandibular phantom was constructed by plexiglass and aluminium as soft and hard tissue equivalents. The right half was slightly shorter than the left half. Steel markers were installed to make vertical and horizontal measurments possible.The length of the markers as well as the intermarker distances were measured by Mitutoyo digital micrometer which was accurate within ±0.05mm. The phantom was then positioned in PM 2002 cc proline (Planmeca, Finland) panoramic machine and panoramic images were obtained. 8 times for each half of the phan. The same length and inter marker distances were measured on digitized panoramic images by Cygnus software, which was accurate whitin ±0.01 mm. Magnification and correction factors were determined for the vertical and horizontal dimensions in each region of pantomograms.
Results: The mean vertical correction factor was 0.77±0.02 (range: 0.75-0.80) in the right and 0.77±0.05 (range: 0.75-0.85) in the left half jaw. The mean horizontal correction factor was calculated as 0.98±0.15 (range: 0.76-1.18) in the right and 1.02±0.14 (range: 0.90-1.25) in the left half jaw.
Conclusion: Dissimilarity of vertical and horizontal correction factors among left and right half jaws and also in different regions of a half jaw is relatively considerable. However, a constant correction factor, specialy in horizontal aspect, could not be applicable. Comparing with horizontal correction factors the vertical correction factors showed less variations between different regions as well as different samples.
F. Ezoddini Ardekani, Z. Mohammadi, Z. Hashemian, M. Sadrbafghi, A. Hedayati, Mj. Rahmani Baghemalek,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (8-2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dental pulp calcification may have the same pathogenesis as vascular calcifications. Pulp stones are calcified mass, which are commonly observed in usual dental radiographs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pulp stones and ischemic CVD.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study on 20-25-year-old patients who had at least 8 intact teeth and were referred to Afshar hospital for cardiovascular examinations. Relationship between vascular stenosis and dental pulp stone was explored.
Results: Sixty one patients who had undergone angiography were studied. They included 32 male (52.5%) and 29 female (47.5%). 38 patients had at least one stenotic vessel (from one to three vessels) and the others (37.7%) showed normal angiographic findings. 73.8% (31 cases) of the patients with dental pulp stones suffered from coronary narrowing where as only 36.8% (7 cases) of the patients without dental pulp stones showed coronary vessels narrowing. Pulp stones were mostly seen in first and second Molar teeth.
Conclusion: According to the results, we can state that oral and maxillofacial radiology is helpful in screening of cardiovascular diseases.
S. Nikzad, A. Azari, H. Bashizade Fakhar,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (8-2009)
Abstract
It is quite often for general practitioners who want to use implants in their routine treatments to face with the problem of unfamiliar radiographic techniques commonly prescribed in modern implantology. These types of radiograph, which could show the jaws in multiple aspects, are not routinely used by general practitioners. However, for sophisticated very delicate treatment options like implantology, the main problem is that "a metal object want to be placed in an undercut-full and zigzag area like bone", and the so called plain radiographs cannot be used for this purposes without difficulty. In this literature review, based on the data of the most powerful databases including COCHRANE and PUBMED, the necessity of using cross-sectional techniques in pre-implant treatment discussed in detail.
R. Haghgoo, F. Mollaasadolla, F. Abbasi,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (11-2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Several agents were used for pulpotomy in primary molars. Formocresol is the most common drug in this procedure. In some studies it has been shown that, this material has potential some side effects, so it is essential to find other alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic success rates of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol.
Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 70 carious primary teeth of 4 to 7-year-old children were pulpotomized, and remaining pulp was dressed with Root MTA and formocresol. The clinical and radiographic follow up evaluations were performed at 6, 12 months by a blind dentist. The data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test.
Results: At the end of 1-year follow-up period, in formocresol group sinus tract and tenderness to percussion were seen in 2 teeth, internal resorption was seen in 1 tooth, and furcation radiolucency was seen in 2 teeth. Clinical and radiographic signs of failure were not seen in any case of (Iranian) Root MTA group.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, Iranian MTA can be used for pulpotomy in primary molars.
H. Siadat, R. Ghoveizi, A. Mirfazaelian, Gh. Ommati Shabestari, M. Alikhasi,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (11-2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this clinical study was to determine the effectiveness of progressive loading procedures on preserving crestal bone height and improving peri-implant bone density around maxillary implants restored with single crowns by an accurate longitudinal radiographic assessment technique.
Materials and Methods: Eleven Micro-Thread Osseo Speed dental implants were placed in 11 subjects and permitted to heal for 6 weeks before surgical uncovering. Following an 8-week healing period, implants underwent a progressive loading protocol by increasing the height of the occlusal table in increments from adding acrylic resin to an acrylic crown. The progressively loaded crowns were placed in 2 mm infraocclusion for the first 2 months, light occlusion for the second 2 months, and full occlusion for the third 2 months. At forth 2 months, a metal ceramic crown replaced the acrylic crown. Digital radiographs of each implant were made at the time of restoration, then after 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 months of function. Digital image analysis was done to measure changes in crestal bone height and peri-implant bone density.
Results: The mean values of crestal bone loss at 12 months were 0.11 ± 0.19 mm, and when tested with Friedman across the time periods, the differences were not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The mean values of bone density in the crestal, middle, and apical area were tested with Repeated Measure ANOVA across the time periods, the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Progressive loading doesn’t cause crestal bone loss. The peri-implant density measurements of the progressively loaded implants show continuous increase in crestal, middle and apical peri-implant bone density by time.
K. Ghazikhanlousani, A. Eskandarlou,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (12-2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent decades many guidelines has been conducted by radiation protection organizations about radiation protection in dentistry. This study was designed to evaluate the observance of these guidelines in educational clinics of all dental schools in Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study a questionnaire based on National Radiation Protection guidelines was conducted. The questionnaire consisted of questions about radiation protection principles in dental radiography that is needed for patients and personnel protection and quality control of radiological instruments. The questionnaires were completed by the responsible person of each radiology department of dental schools (18 schools). After gathering the data, the results were compared with radiation protection standards.
Results: There was proper condition in the case of the existence of radiation protection facilities, such as lead apron, thyroid shield and lead impacted walls. However, personnel rarely use these facilities. Usage of high speed films and existence of automatic processor in dental schools was an appreciable point. The main problem was related to the lack of regular quality control programs.
Conclusion: The observance of radiation protection regulations in radiology departments of dental schools was proper. But majority of departments had no regular quality control programs and the use of digital systems in dental radiography was not common.
