Showing 19 results for Root Canal
M. Bidar , P. Ghaziani, M. Saatchi , Ma. Soluti ,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (9-2001)
Abstract
Endodontic postoperative pain is still one of the major problems for dentists. According to the researches periapical inflammation after RCT is one of the most important factors causing endodontic postoperative pain. Histamine is one of the effective chemical mediators, which produces such inflammation. So, for controlling pains after RCT, the factors reducing inflammation should be found. The aim of this study was to investigate pain control after RCT by drug prophylaxis with antihistamine (asetemizole). 60 patients were divided in 2 groups (30 patients in each group). Group 1 had a capsule of asetemizole (20mg) and the second group had a placebo capsule one hour before RCT. The patients completed the questionnaire after RCT and gave it back on the next session. The evaluated times were 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 72 h after RCT. This study indicated that asetemizole was able to reduce the moderate pericemental pain just at the 9 and 12 hours after RCT, and it was not able to reduce the spontaneous pain after RCT significantly on the evaluated times
M. Tabrizi-Zadeh , K. Farazi ,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (4-2003)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: The main objective of endodontic therapy is chemomechanical cleansing of entire pulp cavity and its complete obturation with an inert material. During this procedure, the failure of detection and inadequate cleaning of a canal will result in failed endodontic therapy. Therefore, the dentist must have enough knowledge of root canal morphology to treat a tooth successfully.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the number and type of root canals of mandibular incisor teeth.
Materials and Methods: In order to do this in-vitro, descriptive study, 68 non-carious mandibular incisor teethj collected from different clinics in Yazd, were immersed in indian ink, decalcified and cleared.
Results: It was found that 55.9% of the teeth had two separate canals that in 5.5% of them, the canals merged before' apical foramen. In 4.4% of these samples, two separate canals existed along the whole root.
Conclusion: Considering high percentage of two canals in lower mandibular incisors, during access preparation, more attempts in detection of the second canal, is emphasized.
B. Eftekhar ,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (1-2004)
Abstract
The use of root canal models in endodontics education is of high importance. So, in this article a new method is presented that the students can produce these models with simple and low cost instruments.These plastic models are made of polyester which is low cost, available and has the approximate cutting properties of dentin. The best molds were disposable syringes due to their low cost, availability and producing smooth surfaces on polyester models. A spreader with desired curve and tapering is used for producing canals. Rockwell A hardness coefficient of polyester is "33", which is near dentin "31" and foreign made models "35.5". Since these polyester models can tolerate up to 280°C and have acceptable resistance to chloroform, all root canal therapy techniques such as vertical condensation and retreatments are practicable. Their transparency encourage the students to work on them. As a result, the use of these models is recommended for endodontics training.
R. Sadeghi , K. Nazari Moghaddam , J Jooyandeh ,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2004)
Abstract
Statement of Problem: There is a controversy about the relationship between pulpal and periodontal diseases. The interrelationship between pulp and periodontium could have an important effect on the treatment plan of the tooth.
Purpose: The aim of the present research is to evaluate root canal therapy effects on periodontal healing of teeth with chronic advanced periodontitis.
Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial 32 single rooted teeth which had necrotic pulp or irreversible pulpitis in 7 patients with chronic advanced periodontitis were selected based on specific criteria. Using a split mouth design, teeth were randomly put in two groups of test and control. In the test group root canal therapy ,scaling & root planing were done.In the control group, only scaling & root planing were performed. Clinical parameters including Pocket Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), mobility, pattern of bone destruction and plaque index (PI) were evaluated in two groups at base line, 1 and 3 months after treatment. Appropriate tests such as paired Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney were performed.
Results: Statistically significant reductions were found in the test group when comparing baseline and one-month post treatment values for Clinical Attachment level (CAL) but not after 3-months. In the control group the CAL reductions were not statistically significant between baseline and one month post-treatment, but a increase were observed between one month and three months after treatment. There was a statstically significant difference between the test and the control groups. Other parameters didn’t show any significant differences in each group and between two groups.
Conclusion: Since clinical attachment level was the most important parameter we found it can high lighted the role of pathogene with pulpal origin in progression of periodeontal disease and it is concluded that beside periodontal treatment in some advanced periodontal cases pulp therapy maybe an effective procedure for eleminating destructive pathogens of pulp and causing periodontal healing.
Hr. Abdolsamadi , Sh. Nazari , F. Mirmotalebi , M. Shirinzad ,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (6-2006)
Abstract
Taurodontism is a rare dental anomaly in which the involved tooth has enlarged and elongated body and pulp chamber with apical displacement of the pulpal floor. Endodontic treatment of these teeth is challenging because it requires identifying the number of root canals. A case of bilateral involvement of maxillary first molar teeth is presented. Endodontic treatment of the right maxillary first molar with taurodontism was indicated due to irreversible pulpitis. In this article, we described the procedure of root canal therapy for this case.
M. Zarrabian , Sn. Ostad , M. Abbasi , M. Mohseni ,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (6-2007)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Root filling materials are usually in close contact with living tissues. So their biological properties like mutagenicity and cytotoxicity are important. These properties help us determine the potential damage to periapical tissues, or potential DNA mutations, and malignant transformation of the cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of four root canal sealers: AH Plus (Dentsply, DeTrey), Ketac-Endo Aplicap (3M ESPE), Sankin Apatite III (Sankin K.K), and Tubli-Seal EWT (Kerr).
Materials and Methods: In this experimental in vitro study fresh and set specimens from AH Plus, Ketac-Endo Aplicap, Sankin Apatite III, and Tubli-Seal EWT were immersed in culture medium for 1, 2 and 7 days. Cytotoxicity was assessed using tetrazolium bromide reduction assay (MTT) after 1, 2 and 7 days exposure of diluted extracts to L929 cells. Extracts of sealers in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) were used to examine the mutagenic effects by sos-umu test according to standard procedures. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA, Kruskall Wallis, Mann Whitney and Post hoc tests with P<0.05 as the level of significance.
Results: Extracts of all freshly mixed sealers were cytotoxic. Ketac-Endo Aplicap and Sankin Apatite III showed the lowest toxicity respectively and Tubli-Seal EWT the highest. In contrast to other sealers, the cytotoxicity of Tubli-Seal showed no decrease with time. -galactosidase did not increase significantly thus none of the sealers showed mutagenic effects.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, Tubli-Seal EWT showed the highest cytotoxicity with time. Other sealers showed decreasing cytotoxicity with time. No mutagenicity effects was observed in none of tested materials.
F. A. Nakhjavani, Ms. Sheikhrezaie, S. Negahbani,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (12-2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Elimination of microorganisms and their byproducts from root canal system is one of important aims of root canal therapy. This object is gained by using of many chemomechanical techniques but with noncertain success. A new method is used of nonpathogenic bacteria for growth inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, Antibiosis, in root canal therapy.The aim of this study was in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial effect of probiotics, such as Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) on the infected root canal bacteria.
Materials and Methods: Isolated bacteria from infected root canal were grown and then scattered onto the muller Hinton agar plates which contain wells, LAB, extracted from dairy products, were added into these wells, Inhibition effected of LAB was determined. Furthermore the sample taken from the inhibition zone and possible resistant monoclonal bacteria also were identified, then 6 sensitive and 14 resistant samples were selected and E. faecalis species were added to them Then antimicrobial effects of LAB on these samples was reevaluated.
Results: The results showed that 66.7% of the samples were sensitive at least to one type of LAB, and 33% were resistant to all kind of LAB. Meanwhile the outgrowing anaerobic bacteria inside the inhibition zone were from the low frequency oral bacterial flora. Furthermore, adding E. faecalis to the samples caused more sensitivity of them to LAB. Mc-Neamar test recognized the difference significant.
Conclusion: This study showed that the LAB inhibit growth of the pathogenic root canal bacteriae. Furthermore, presence of E. faecalis reinforces the antimicrobial effect of LAB. It seemed that LAB maybe have potential to use in endodontic practice for elimination of root canal infections.
M. Salapoor, N. Farhad Mollashahi,
Volume 23, Issue 3 (12-2010)
Abstract
The goal of each root canal therapy is cleaning and obturating the entire root canal system. A thorough knowledge of root and root canal morphology and a good anticipation of their possible morphologic variations are essential and will help to reduce endodontic failure caused by incomplete root canal preparation and obturation. In this study, one case of maxillary molar with two palatal roots has been reported in a a 40-year-old woman is reported..
F. Mokhtari, N. Joshan, Ar. Heshmat Mohajer, Y. Khalil Sefat,
Volume 24, Issue 3 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Nowadays, calcium hydroxide is used as a dressing for canal sterilization and repair progression of apical lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament on the apical microleakage of root filling.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 46 extracted single-rooted human teeth were instrumented with step-back technique to master apical file (MAF) size 35. Specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20). In group 1, the specimens were treated with calcium hydroxide intracanal medication and in group 2, the samples did not receive any medication. The teeth were incubated in 100% humidity at 37°C for one week. After that, calcium hydroxide was removed using irrigation with normal saline and reaming with MAF. The root canals were obturated with gutta- percha and AH26 sealer using lateral compaction technique. Specimens were incubated in 100% humility at 37°C for 72 hours and then immersed in India ink for 1 week. Finally, the teeth were cleared and the maximum linear dye penetration was measured under a stereomicroscope at 4X magnification. The data were analyzed by T-test and Chi-square.
Results: There was no significant difference between the two experimental groups (P=0.068).
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that using calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament did not influence the apical microleakage after final obturation of the root canal system.
Mohamad Hosein Lotfi Kamrani, Mahdi Tabrizizadeh, Yosef Khlil Sefat, Vahid Yegane,
Volume 24, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The seal provided by a root canal filling may be compromised by post space preparation. The aim of this study was to compare coronal microleakage around cast posts and prefabricated pins.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight extracted single-rooted, maxillary human teeth were prepared with step back method and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. After removing 8 mm of coronal gutta-percha with peeso-reamer drills #2 in twenty canals, the teeth were divided into three groups: cast post & core, prefabricated pin, and gutta-percha (without any post or pin). After thermocycling, the samples were immersed in India ink for seven days. Finally, the specimens were cleared and the coronal microleakage of dye was then measured by the stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests.
Results: According to the results, the mean dye penetration in cast posts, pins, and group without post or pin was 3.3 (0.39), 5.2 (0.47), and 7.2 (0.15) mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the importance of adequate filling of crown for prevention of microleakage, the method for coronal filling must be selected with caution. According to the results of this study, no significant difference between microleakage of cast posts and prefabricated pins was observed.
Fahimeh Mokhtari, Amir Mohamad Mahabadi, Naieeme Ghafarian, Alireza Ghate, Alireza Razavi,
Volume 25, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Working length determination and remaining this length is of great importance in root canal therapy. Recently, electronic apex locators are being used to determine working length and decrease the number of radiographs. The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of Root ZX and Novapex electronic apex locators with radiography in a clinical study.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 73 single-canalled teeth of the patients referred to the endodontic department of the Yazd Dental School were evaluated. The access cavity was prepared and working length of the root canals were measured by using the apex locators: Root ZX and Novapex. The file was placed in the root canal and a periapical radiograph was taken using parallel technique. The working lengths obtained by apex locators were recorded and compared with those of radiographs. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, Wilcoxon test and paired t-test.
Results: The exact measurement without any fault was 46.6% for Root ZX and 20.5% for Novapex compared to radiography. In the range of 0.5 mm fault, the results were 91.8% for Root ZX and 64.4% for Novapex compared to radiographic measurements. The difference between the average of the measured lengths by Root ZX and radiography was not significant (P=0.17). On the other hand, the results showed significant difference between the average of the measured lengths by Novapex and radiography (P=0.017). The difference between two apex locators was not significant (P=0.061).
Conclusion: Root ZX and Novapex with high accuracy are useful for determining working length of the root canals in pregnant patients with special anatomic conditions and patients with muscle disharmony. Therefore, the use of these apex locators combined with radiography is recommended in root canal treatment.
Fateme Mokhtari, Mohammad Hossein Yosefi, Ali Gharaati Jahromi,
Volume 27, Issue 2 (6-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Root canal therapy is one of the most important parts of a general dentist's profession. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic quality of root canal therapy performed by under graduated students at Yazd dental school.
Materials and Methods: Records of patients, who were referred to the endodontic department during 2010-2012 and treated by undergraduated students, were divided into three groups by the numbers of canals and 80 specimens from each group were randomly evaluated. For the assessment, the quality of accomplished treatments, the indices: length, taper, and density of obturation were used and the errors during root treatment were recorded. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Chi-square.
Results: According to the results, 155 (64.6%) records had appropriate filling length, whereas 55 (22.9%) were underfilled and 30 (12.5%) were overfilled. The acquired difference was statistically significant among three groups. (P<0.001). 187 (77.9%) records had adequate taper and 157 (65.4%) records had adequate density. The difference in the evaluating of taper (P=0.976) and density (P=0.879) was not significant. Totally, 39.2% of specimens had all the properties of an appropriate root canal treatment.
Conclusion: The results of the present study can be used to identify weaknesses in the treatment of different educational groups and help them to achieve a proper planning to improve the quality of endodontic treatments.
Ahmad Jafari, Masoud Kiani, Mahin Nikkhah, Ronak Bakhtiari, Yahya Baradaran Nakhjavani, Ali Reza Heidari,
Volume 27, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Considering the complications of root canal system, debridement would not be effective only by mechanical instrumentation. Therefore, root canal irrigants with the antimicrobial effect that can eliminate more microorganisms during treatment, becomes important. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of 2% thyme essence, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and normal saline as root canal irrigants for primary molar teeth.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 34 primary molars. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups (N=10). The root canals of the teeth were prepared up to the file #35 and all of the specimens were sterilized, and were then contaminated with entrococccus faecalis suspension (Enterococcus Faecalis ATTC 29212). After 48 hours of incubation, the specimens of each group were irrigated with corresponding irrigants. Then, the microbial specimens were collected with sterile paper points. After incubation, the numbers of Colony Forming Units (CFU) were counted using colony counter. Data were analyzed using Smirnov-Kolmogorov, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.
Results: Sodium hypochlorite showed the highest antimicrobial effect and showed significant differences compared with normal saline (P<0.001). However, the differences were not significant with thyme essence 2% (P=0.3).
Conclusion: Thyme essence could be considered as a natural irrigator with a comparable antiseptic effect to sodium hypochlorite.
Feizi Ghader , Kaviani Naser , Mehrparvar Roza , Binandeh Elham Sadaat , Tabrizizadeh Mehdi , Saatchi Masoud ,
Volume 27, Issue 4 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Postoperativee endodontic pain is an outstanding problem for dental patients. Therefore, a successful management of endodontic pain has become as one of the main dental objectives. The aim of the present study was to compare the postoperative endodontic pain in patients under general anesthesia versus local anesthesia.
Materials and Methods: For conducting this clinical trial study, 50 patients having mandibular molars candidate for root canal therapy were selected. Twenty-five patients treated under general anesthesia because of their fear, anxiety or gag reflex. Other 25 patients treated under local anesthesia. All teeth were prepared using engine-driven rotary system in a crown-down technique and filled using lateral condensation technique. Heft- parker visual analog scale was used to measure the degree of pain at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the treatment. Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and T-tests were used to compare the intensity of postoperative pain between the groups.
Results: The mean intensity of postoperative pain in local and general anesthesia groups at 6, 12 and 24 hours had statistically significant difference (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Postoperative pain in patients who treated under general anesthesia was significantly less than the patients who treated under local anesthesia.
Ali Eskandarizadeh, Shahram Farzin Ebrahimi, Niloofar Shadman, Saeed Rahmani,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Slow polymerization rate in early stage of light curing process leads to higher monomers movement and entering in polymer network that cause higher mechanical properties.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of light activation methodes (immediate, 5 and 10 minutes delay) on the push-out bond strength of cemented fiber posts in different regions of root canal with two types of resin cements.
Materials and Methods: In sixty extracted human single canal, the teeth were decoronated from cement enamel junction and after root canal therapy, FRC postec plus were cemented with two resin cements, Duolink and Variolink 2, in three curing methods; immediate, 5 and 10 minutes of delay. After storing in a dark place for 24 hours, they were cut into three sections: coronal, middle and apical. The push-out bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine. The failure modes were observed using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (P<0.05).
Results: In Duolink, immediate light curing had significantly higher bond strength than that of two delayed methods (P>0.05). In immediate light curing method, regardless of root region, Duolink had higher push-out bond strength than that of Variolink 2 (P=0.02). In all subgroups, there were reductions in the bond strengths from coronal to apical. Mixed failure at the cement-fiber post interface was predominent in all groups.
Conclusion: 5 and 10 minutes delay caused reduction in the push-out bond strength for Variolink 2 but did not have significant effect for Duolink resin cement.
Mohtavipour Seyedeh Tahereh , Seyedeh Saeideh Mohtavipour, Alieh Sadat Javadzadeh Haghighat, Shiva Sadeghi, Maryam Rezvani, Bahar Mahmoud Khalesi,
Volume 29, Issue 1 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Estimating the canal length is essential for reaching to a proper endodontic treatment. Any error and miscalculation in estimation of the working length, especially in curved canals, can result in complication during and after root canal therapy. The introduction of digital radiography has enabled us to measure curved canal length. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the calibration tool of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) digital system in estimation of working length.
Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 80 extracted molar teeth were selected and randomly divided into three groups based on angle and radius of canal curvature. A 5 mm orthodontic wire was placed on the lateral surface of the root. Conventional radiographs were taken after insertion of endodontic file in the apical third of root canals. Radiographic images were scanned and imported to the software of CMOS digital system. Two observers estimated the file lengths with and without using calibration tool of digital measurement software. The correlation between observers was evaluated and then data were analyzed using Paired T-test with 95% confidence.
Results: Overall agreement between observers was good. There was no significant difference between the mean values of calibrated measurement and true file length in the basis of canal curves (P>0.001). However, there was significant difference between the mean values of uncalibrated measurement and true file length in the basis of canal curvature (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The calibrated measurement of file length was more accurate than that of the uncalibrated file length measurement.
Fatemeh Mokhtari , Kazem Koopaei, Jalil Modaresi, Hamid Reza Hemati, Hengameh Zandi,
Volume 30, Issue 3 (10-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of MTA and cold ceramic by using bacterial leakage method.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, fifty human single root extracted teeth were chosen. In group A, 20 teeth were filled with MTA and in group B, 20 teeth were filled with cold ceramic. Five teeth were used as a positive control (obturated using gutta-percha without sealer), and five teeth were used as negative control (obturated using gutta-percha with AH26 sealer and coated with two layers of nail varnish). A bacterial leakage model utilizing Enterococcus faecalis was used for evaluation of the sealing ability. The teeth were placed in test tubes, so that they formed two upper and lower compartments. The cultured bacteria in the upper chamber were in contact with the coronal area of the tooth. The root end was placed in the lower chamber containing sterile culture media. In this case, the filling of the root canal was only the communication path between the upper and lower chambers. In this method, the presence of turbidity in the lower chamber indicated that bacteria had penetrated through barrier and reached the medium. The leakage was measured. The acquired data was analyzed using Chi-square test.
Results: In group A (MTA), 7 samples and in group B (Cold ceramic), 4 samples should the leakage. In regarding the leakage, there was no statistically significant difference between MTA and cold ceramic. (P=0.288)
Conclusion: The results showed that the sealing ability of MTA and cold ceramic was similar as root filling materials.
Narges Farhad Mollashahi, Eshagh Ali Saberi, Behnam Rousta, Seyed Mohammad Javad Aslani, Farnaz Faramarzian,
Volume 36, Issue 0 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aims: Guided endodontics is a new technique that is now evolving. It is used in many treatments, especially in access cavity preparation and locating root canals in teeth with pulp canal obliteration (PCO), microsurgical endodontics, and fiber post removal in retreatments. In addition, this technique is independent of operator experience, requires less treatment time for the patient, and is more precise and safer than conventional endodontics. This technique involves the use of cone beam computed tomography imaging (CBCT), tooth surface scanning, and special software to provide guidance for performing endodontic treatment in a fast, safe, and minimally invasive manner. This review article aims to introduce guided endodontics and to describe its technique, advantages, and limitations.
Mohammad Mahdi Yaghooti Khorasani, Esmaiil Shah-Hosseinloo,
Volume 37, Issue 0 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aims: To be successful in root canal therapy, the dentists must be aware of the possible variation in the root canal and should know not only the natural anatomy of the pulp, but also a variety of possible morphologies. Frst of all, the dentists should be familiar with the possible anatomy of the root canal and then with the extraction of organic tissue from pulp chamber and root canal, increasing the chances of treatment success. Therefore, in this study, we decided to investigate the internal anatomy of root canals in the maxillary permanent molar teeth in Khoy city.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 100 extracted human molars in Khoy city in West Azerbaijan province were collected. In all teeth, the access cavities were prepared, then they were decalcified and colored with India ink and evaluated by clearing technique. Data were collected based on Vertucci's classification which entered into SPSS23 software. The descriptive statistics in the form of numbers and percentages in tables and graphs were used to analyze the data.
Results: The most common type observed in the mesiobuccal root of the first molars was type IV by 44%, in distobuccal root was type I by 92%, and in palatal root was type I by 94%. Also, in the mesiobuccal root of the second molars, the most common type was type I by 70%, in distobuccal root was type I by 94%, and in palatal root was type I by 96%.
Conclusion: The mesiobuccal root of the first molar had the most variation in the internal anatomy. Also, the most common type of Vertucci in the mesiobuccal root of first molar was type IV and in the other roots of the first and second molar teeth was type I. |
