Journal of Dental Medicine

Background and Aim: A major aspect of the adaptive host response in periodontitis is the antibodies. Several risk and susceptibility factors for periodontitis, including smoking, age and composition of the subgingival microflora, have also been suggested to influence antibody production. The present study was conducted to investigate plasma levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies in periodontitis patients of Caucasian Iranian heritage referred to dental faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in relation to disease severity and smoking.

Materials and Methods: In this study, 36 patients with severe periodontitis, 39 with moderate periodontitis and 40 controls without periodontal destruction were enrolled. From the total of 80 patients, 21 were diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis and 54 with chronic periodontitis. IgG isotypes were analyzed in plasma samples.

Results: Patients group in comparison with control group had shown higher level of Immuno globolins. There was no significant difference about the IgG1 level in moderate and seven group and also in chronic and aggressive groups (p<0/001). But the level of IgG2 was shown the significant difference in the all study groups. Smoking was significantly reduced the level of IgG1 and IgG2.

Conclusion: The current study shows that non-smoker periodontitis patients have higher levels of IgG2 than smoker periodontitis patients.

Background and Aims: There is not sufficient knowledge about the relationship between smoking and vertical bone loss in periodontal diseases. There are also important evidences which propose harmful effects of smoking on periodontal tissues including alveolar bone. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between smoking and prevalence and severity of vertical bone defects.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study consisted of 71 individuals with angular bone defects (case) and 69 individuals without angular bone defects (control) between 18 to 70 years old. People were selected by radiography, examining and filling up the questionnaire. Vertical bone defect was defined as interproximal bone resorption to the extent of ≥2mm with a clear angel towards the Mesial or Distal of root. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Result: The mean age of studied individuals was 37.14 years (±12.72). Among people with angular bone defects, 21.1% were light smokers and 25.4% were moderate-heavy smokers. There was a significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers in terms of smoking status and the chance of having angular bone defects (P=0.001). Simultaneous study of the effect of sex, age, brushing and smoking status showed that except sex, other variables have a significant effect on angular bone defects. The chance of having angular bone defects in light and heavy-moderate smokers was more than that in nonsmokers (adjusted OR=4.17 and adjusted OR=3.87, respectively).
Conclusion: These observations propose that smoking is related to increase in prevalence and severity of vertical bone defects. Smoking is considered as a potential risk factor for vertical periodontal bone loss.

  Background and Aims: Constant contact with dentists, the ability to diagnose early effects of tobacco use on oral health and general health has made the dental clinics to the appropriate place to provide smoking cessation counseling. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention using Trans Theoretical Model (TTM) on the smoking cessation in patients attending dental clinics.

  Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study conducted in 2013. 40 patients in the experimental and control groups were completed self-administered questionnaire including general and demographic questions, change questionnaire stages, change scale processes, smoking cessation self-efficacy scale, decisional balance scale before and 6 after months educational program. The experimental group received two training sessions through group discussion for 60 minutes. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests, independent T-test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.

  Results: In terms of the patients distribution in the change stages (pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation), there was no significant difference between the experimental (22.5, 35, 42.5%) and control groups (27.5, 35, 37.5%) before intervention (P = 0.55). However, 10 and 20 percent of patients in the experimental group was reported action and maintenance stage regarding smoking cessation after intervention (P<0.001). Results showed a significant increase in the mean score of experimental process of change, behavioral process of change, proc and self efficacy (P<0.001). Also, the mean score of cons constructs decreased significantly after education in the experimental group (P<0.001).

  Conclusion: Results indicated that the educational intervention using the TTM to increase the patients' smoking cessation rate was effective. Therefore, it is recommended that dentists have to become more familiar with TTM frameworks for smoking cessation.