Journal of

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Background: Nowadays, it is essential to employ medical and clinical librarians to provide the required information for healthcare professionals and enhance accessibility to evidence based information in hospital libraries. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the medical librarians' employment status in hospital libraries in Tehran city in 2013.

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Study population considered from all 152 hospitals in Tehran city. Data collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS version 18 using descriptive statistics.

Results: only thirteen participants had medical librarianship and information science degree. While 28 persons graduated in librarianship and information science from universities affiliated to Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and others had degree in non relevant fields. The majority of participants (51.3 %) with non-related degree were educated empirically and others had learned librarianship skills with other methods. Most of participants were employed based on hiring official process and friends and relatives recommendation.

Conclusions: There is a real lack of medical librarians in the hospital libraries in Tehran city. Thus, these libraries are not able to perform their professional duties such preparing information and omitting healthcare professionals' needs in hospitals. It is necessary that hospitals’ managers attempt to hire medical librarians' and overcome employment barriers.

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Background: Public-private partnership (PPP) in constructing and operating hospitals is a good strategy to provide high quality services to people at lower cost for the government.  However, PPP is facing several challenges. The objective of this research was to identify and explore the PPP challenges in building Moheb Yas hospital in Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: A qualitative approach was used for this case study in 2018. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 key stakeholders, managers and employees who were involved in PPP initiative implementation using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Thematic analysis approach was used for data analysis.  
Results: Moheb Yas hospital was built in the yard of a public hospital (Co-location PPP) by the private entity. Then, the public hospital was moved into the private hospital. The new hospital was transferred to the government after one year owing to some challenges. These challenges include an inappropriate PPP model, low government capacity and competency in PPP, low trust in private partner, difficulty in funding the project, demolishing the old building, applying for hospital licences, merging two public and private hospitals, and difficulties in equipping the new hospital with human and physical resources.
Conclusion: The PPP was not successful in this case. Although PPP initiatives have benefits for the health system, but, it comes with numerous challenges especially in developing countries owing to disparate goals, incentives, and management practices of public and private sectors. The research findings provide useful insights for policy makers and senior managers in health systems in similar countries about the main barriers of PPP initiatives in the health sectors.

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Background: Human Resources in the health sector not only is the most crucial source in health providing but account for nearly three-quarters of the health sector's costs. The purpose of this study was to estimate the required Human Resources of the CT scan department of the Reza Radiotherapy-Oncology Center based on the workload indicator of staffing needs in 2019.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study used human resources determination based on staffing needs' workload indicators. The method of conducting expert meetings was used to determine the components of workload and standard time. Also, Interviews and rules, and personnel systems were used to determine the amount and factors related to available working time, and to determine the annual workload, the hospital management system and observation of activity logs were used. Excel and SPSS19 software were used to analyze the data for determining the required human resources and timing data, respectively.
Results: 7 factors related to staff annually available work time were identified. The available work time for CT scans staff was 1113 hours per year. In this study, imaging and simulation were determined as the main activities of the CT scans ward. The results of the workload indicator calculations showed that the CT scan section lacked 3 Personnel.
Conclusion: This study showed that Reza Radiotherapy Oncology Center is experiencing a shortage of professional CT scan staff, and the work pressure is (0.4). Therefore, CT scans are a top priority to provide the human resource.