Showing 30 results for Aye
Dr Hojjat Rahmani, Ghasem Rajabi Vasokolaee , Dr Jalal Saeidpour, Dr Mehdi Rezaei , Dr Somayeh Niakan, Bahman Khosravi ,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (2-2018)
Abstract
Background: Considering the key role of human resource management in health care organizations, assessing human resources and its pathology are essential. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate human resources pathology in Imam Khomeini Hospital complex in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using descriptive-analytical method in 2016. In this research, 342 employees of Imam Khomeini Hospital complex were selected. The data were collected using a standard three-dimension questionnaire, then, descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Pearson Correlation Coefficient) were used to data analysis.
Results: Study results revealed that the highest and the lowest mean and standard deviation were obtained for the variable of motivation and job satisfaction (3.51 ± 1.02) and improvement methods (2.81 ± 0.84), respectively. Among all studied variables, behavioral (3.29) and contextual (2.91) factors scored the highest and lowest points respectively. Correlation between structural, behavioral and contextual with demographics revealed a statistically significant association with sex.
Conclusion: According to study findings, considering the importance and role in providing the desired services, human resource managers should pay special attention to identify all organizational factors, especially organizational culture, motivation and job satisfaction, employee training, job security and customer orientation.
Somayeh Nouri, Dr Leila Riahi, Dr Kamran Hajinabi, Dr Katayuon Jahangiri ,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (2-2018)
Abstract
Background: Priority setting and resource allocation are assumed to be the most important issues of health-sector and fairness thereof requires considering various criteria. This study was performed to identify the criteria used for priority setting and resource allocation in the world health systems through comprehensive review.
Materials and Methods: Cochrane, PubMed and SCOPUS database were searched systematically from Jan.1,2005 to Oct.10,2016. The English articles with codified and specified qualitative and quantitative criteria in the resource allocation context in health sector were included in the study. The obtained data were synthetized thematically.
Results: Overall, 9162 papers were extracted. At the beginning of review of the included articles, 9089 papers were removed due to duplication and also based on the title. The abstracts of the remained papers were reviewed and 17 papers were removed. Full text of 59 remained papers were reviewed and based on matching with the inclusion criteria, 34 other papers were removed, too, and ultimately 25 papers were included in the final phase of the study. Extracted criteria were categorized into four dimentions based on economic, management, structural and contextual, out of which the most frequent ones were related to cost, health system goals, local capacity and disease status, respectively.
Conclusion: In this study, the most important criteria used by policy makers and decision makers of health system in the world were extracted for priority setting and resource allocation. The results indicated that in the world, priority setting and resource allocation in the health system is made mainly based on criteria such as cost-effectiveness, disease status, equity/equality and the need.
Soodabeh Khosravi, Dr Sayed Abolfazl Zakerian , Dr Khadijeh Adabi Bavil Aliaei , Dr Kamal Azam, Abolfazl Aliari,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (2-2018)
Abstract
Background:Human reliability assessment consists ofusing quantitative and qualitative methods to predict human contribution to the occurrence of error;so, using reliability assessment techniques is necessary to prevent and limit the consequences of errors in sensitive work environments.Healthcare considers as the high-risk areas.With due attention to the high rates of cesarean section in Iran, this study aimed at evaluating human reliability during this operation.
Materials and Methods:This was a qualitative-descriptive study which was performed as a cross-sectional one using the EMEA technique. At first, the process of operation was divided in to tasks and sub-tasks using the method of hierarchical task analysis. Then, according to the EMEA instructions, the work sheet was completed for all personnel in the operating room.
Results: A total of 126 errors, including 40 errors (31.75%) related to circular nurse activities, 34 errors (26.98%) related to anesthesia activities, 33 errors (26.19%) related to scrub nurse activities and 19 errors (15.08%) related to the activities of the surgeon, were identified.In general, skill-based errors (51.59%) and judgment-based errors (1.59%) were the highest and the lowest amount, respectively.
Conclusion:According to the study results, among three working groups, skill-based errors forcircularand scrub nurses and anesthesiology expert with the most frequency, and knowledge-based errorsfor surgeon tasks, with the highest frequency should be considered as priorities tocontrol errors.
Minoo Afshani, Dr Hojat Vahdati, Dr Mohammad Hakak, Dr Sayed Najomdin Moosavi ,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Background: Whistleblowing as a control tool should be encouraged in organizations to deter organizational illegal and immoral wrongdoings that finally are harmful to the society. Personality traits of people are influential factors on their intention to disclose the wrongdoings. This study aimed to assess the relationship between four personality traits (internal locus of control, ethical identity, extroversion and responsibility) and employees' intention to whistleblowing among the employees of central department of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study is a descriptive-analytic one. This research conducted on 251 employees of the central department of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. A researcher-made questionnaire based on previous literature used to collect the data. Analysis of the data processed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) with Smart PLS software.
Results: Since, the amount of standardized coefficients between independent variables (locus of control, ethical identity, extroversion and responsibility) and whistleblowing intention were statistically significant (P<0.005), all of these independent variables have positive and significant influence on the employees' whistleblowing intention.
Conclusion: Given that individuals with internal locus of control, ethical identity, responsibility and extroversion characteristics cannot be able to ignore the organizational wrongdoings, it is better organizations use employees with these characteristics at more sensitive or critical places, where the possibility of organizational wrongdoing is high, in order to prevent potential harm to the organization and society as a result of wrongdoings.
Dr Sanaz Zargar Balaye Jame, Mohammad Alimoradnori, Amin Daneshvar,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (11-2018)
Abstract
Background: Job burnout is a result of long-term job stress, which can reduce the quality ofeducation and provision of services. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between jobburnout and its dimensions with occupational stress in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2018.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive-analytic one. The sample of studyconsisted of 137 staff in faculties of Management and Medical Information, Advanced Technologies inMedicine, Rehabilitation and Nursing and Midwifery in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences using
convenience sampling method in 2018.The study tools were demographic s , Maslach and OSIPOWquestionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 software by descriptive statistics andinferential statistics such as ANOVA, T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: Emotional exhaustion calculated in low level (45.2%), depersonalization in high level (45.2%), personal accomplishment in high level (75.3%) and the most participants had normal stress(54.8%). Similarly, based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient, there was a positive significantrelationship between job stress and job burnout and its dimensions, but there was no significantrelationship between personal accomplishment and job stress.
Conclusion: Study results revealed that the higher job stress among employees, the higher jobburnout among employees. As a result, implementing the interventions to reduce occupational stressand strengthen some resources can be helpful to reduce the burnout of employees.
Dr Msoomeh Erfani Khanghahi, Soodabeh Tayeri,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background: Women's health has a broad concept that various biological, social, political, economic and environmental factors affect it. This study aimed to prioritize the factors affecting women's health promotion, provide a model for decision making and choose the best option for decision makers and health system planners to achieve the goal of promoting women's health.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the factors affecting women's health were extracted based on theoretical background and Farmehr's conceptual model. Then, the points of view of five women's health experts on the criteria and options of the model were collected and analyzed using paired comparison tables and Likert measure, and analyzed according to the hierarchical decision-making process. After analyzing the experts 'opinion individually, two methods of computing the geometric meanings and the experts' opinions were combined and the priorities were determined based on group views. The Excel software was utilized to perform the calculations.
Results: Among the four main factors, priorities included the individual factors (subcategory of lifestyle), family factors (family relationships) and underlying factors (attitudes and beliefs). In the first level of decision making related to intervention methods in women's health promotion, the multidisciplinary approach was determined; and in the second level of decision-making related to health management, the partnership of governmental and nongovernmental organizations established in the first priority.
Conclusion: Based on study results, designing and planning interventions with the prioritization of individual, family and infrastructure factors using multi-disciplinary approach and participation of governmental and nongovernmental organizations for promoting women's health are recommended.
Saeide Alidoost, Dr Aziz Rezapour, Rahim Sohrabi, Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh, Dr Ali Sarabi-Asiabar, Narges Rafiei,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background: The hospitals' reliance on insurer organizations' resources is increasing due to the growing number of insured persons. However, a relatively large share of these revenues cannot be collected for various reasons and is considered as hospital deductions from revenue. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the causes of hospital deductions from revenue and strategies to reduce them in hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted based on the phenomenological approach in 2017. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews consisting 17 finance experts in hospitals. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA version10 and analytical framework of Gale et al. (2013).
Results: Based on the framework analysis, two themes were identified as the underlying causes of hospital revenue deduction including direct causes and root causes of revenue deduction. Also, in order to reduce revenue deduction strategies, eight themes were recognized including interaction with insurance organizations; analysis, assessment, and feedback on revenue deficit; coordination and empowerment of employees; proper organization of human resources; strengthening regulatory system, motivational strategies; good planning and creating an organizational structure.
Conclusion: The revenue deductions occur in all stages of converting services into income and the most important factor is lack of staff awareness and incentive to control deductions. Contributions of all process owners in the hospital and insurers and in particular the commitment of hospital’s senior managers are necessary to control the deductions.
Somayeh Fadaei, Mostafa Kazemi, Fateme Nezhad Shokoohi,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: Assessing and improving the quality of services in hospitals because deal with the health of humans is very important. The purpose of this study is to identify and weigh quality criteria and ranking of four hospitals in Mashhad.
Materials & Methods: The present study is of type Applied Studies that is a cross-sectional study conducted in the winter of 1396. In this study, by literature review, dimensions of service quality in the hospital was identified. Then, a paired comparison questionnaire (including 8 people) was used to conduct the survey. Then coefficients of importance of each dimension were calculated through the process of hierarchical analysis in a fuzzy environment. Decision-making matrix questionnaire was completed by a 400-person sample of patient companions in four hospitals.Then, hospitals were ranked using GRA-TOPSIS method. The validity of questionnaires were confirmed by the expert group.
Results:Using FAHP, knowledge and skills of medicine obtained the most important coefficient. Also, using GRA-TOPSIS, third hospital received the fourth place in the provision of services. Also in the third hospital the quality of access requires the greatest improvement.
Conclusion: In addition to ranking hospitals based on quality of service criteria, the GRA-TOPSIS method is able to identify each hospital's weaknesses in each criterion. As a result, the priorities for improving the quality of service in each hospital were identified, and the hospital manager could work to improve performance on the criteria that he or she achieved with lower performance than other hospitals.
Ramin Dastab, Farahnaz Farnia, Somayeh Zare,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
Background: Quality of life is a mental issue that causes a person to be affected by various factors including self-efficacy. The roadmap in this field is family-centered empowerment, which aims to promote health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of family-centered empowerment model on quality of life and self-efficacy of kidney transplant patients.
Materials and Method: This study is a randomized controlled clinical trial. 100 kidney transplant patients, who came to Shahid Hasheminejad Hospital, were divided into two groups of control and intervention by initial accidental sampling. Data collection tools were a three-part questionnaire includes of demographic characteristics, quality of life of patients of kidney transplant questionnaire (KTQ-25) and the questionnaire of health empowerment to survey about self-care (SUPPH). These questionnaires were completed by both groups once the study was initiated and another time 1.5 months after intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20), chi-square and T-test.
Results: findings demonstrated that when the study was initiated there was not any significance difference between these two groups in terms of demographic quantitative and qualitative characteristics and mean of quality of life and self-efficacy. In compared with control group, mean of quality of life of intervention group was increased. Statistically, it has a significance difference (0<0.001). Also, in comparison with control group, the score of self-efficacy promoted and it has a significance difference.
Conclusion: Considering the positive effect of family-centered empowerment model on self-efficacy of kidney transplant patients and finally on their quality of life, it is necessary to consider this model with the aim of promoting patients' health.
Sajjad Moshki, Shaghayegh Vahdat, Somayeh Hesam,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (12-2020)
Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to determine the causes of patients' readmission in hospitals affiliated to Bam University of Medical Sciences in 2019.
Materials & Methods: The current study was a descriptive-analytic study and the study population included patients readmitted in Pasteur Hospital in Bam, Javad Al-Aimeh Hospital in Narmashir, and Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani Hospital in Regan in 2019. The samples consisted of 312 patient records which were chosen randomly. Data were collected by a checklist and were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and descriptive and analytical tests (Chi-square and one-way analysis of variance).
Results: The results showed that the internal medicine department received 34% of readmissions. The average readmission cost was 17,265,353 Rials. The most common reasons for readmissions were having a new disease (46.2 percent) and recurrence of the former disease (39.8 percent). Findings of inferential statistics revealed no significant relationship between the causes of readmissions and gender (P = 0.566), age (P = 0.065), or costs (P = 0.625), but there was a significant relationship between the causes of readmissions and marital status (P = 0.049) and married people had more readmissions than single people.
Conclusion: It is necessary to pay more attention to readmissions caused by disease recurrence. It is also possible to prevent such readmissions and improve the quality of medical services by standardizing hospital processes and tools, standardizing staff training, and employing new diagnostic and treatment methods.
Afshin Moayedinia, Karim Kiakojouri,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (12-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: In the present era, the implementation of open innovation process is necessary for any organization, and hospitals as the main medical centers are no exception. In fact, hospitals, as health operational units, are always directly exposed to changes in the field of health services. Therefore, the present study has investigated the factors affecting open innovation in public hospitals in Guilan province.
Methods: From the point of view of purpose, this research is an applied study and in terms of data collection, it is in the category of descriptive research, which was conducted cross-sectionally in 1400. The statistical population of the study was 1600 senior managers and staff of public hospitals in Guilan province. For sampling, a non-randomized judgmental sampling method was used to access community members (senior managers and employees with at least a bachelor's degree). 250 questionnaires were used to perform the test. Data collection tools are standard questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha, and the validity of the questionnaires was confirmed through the face and content validity, convergent and divergent validity. The structural equation modeling method has been used to test the research hypotheses. The software used in this research is SPSS 26 and Smart PLS3.
Results: The results of the structural equation modeling test showed that among the external factors, cooperation with partners and the user, among the internal organizational factors, organizational structure, exploratory learning, and organizational culture, and finally among the individual internal factors, organizational motivation affects the open innovation of public hospitals in Guilan province. The impact of trust between partners, technology, personality traits, and knowledge on hospital open innovation has been rejected.
Conclusion: In collaboration with other health care services, universities, and users, hospitals should develop appropriate policies to transition from a closed innovation system to open innovation, and support effective measures in this regard.
Sajad Ghorbanizadeh, Fatemeh Tajar, Zahra Asadi Piri, Satar Rezaei, Yaser Mokhayeri, Soraya Nouraei Motlagh,
Volume 20, Issue 3 (12-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Socio-economic inequalities in the use of dental services are a major challenge to health policies in many countries. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate socio-economic inequalities in utilization of dental services in households of Lorestan province and comparing it with neighboring provinces.
Methods: Data required for the study were collected from the household expenditure and income survey (HIES). The study population included 5547 households in the western provinces of the country. Logistic regression method was used to determine the most important factors affecting the use of dental services, and the focus index was used to measure inequality between income groups. Data analysis was performed using Stata software version 14.
Results: The highest and lowest percentages of dental services among households were related to Hamedan (7.02%) and Lorestan (3.19%) provinces, respectively. The results of the focus index showed that the benefits and costs of dental services were concentrated among households with higher socio-economic status. In other words, inequality benefits the rich. Being a female head of household and increased size of the household leads to a decrease in the use of these services. The higher education level of the head of the household and the increase in the number of employed and literate household members showed a positive relationship with the utilization of dental services.
Conclusion: Benefiting from dental services was significantly higher among higher socio-economic groups. These inequalities can be avoided by introducing and implementing targeted policies. Low-income households, lower education levels, and the unemployed should be the focus of health policies to address unmet dental care needs.
Homa Azadi, Ahmad Ghazanfari, Maryam Chorami, Tayebeh Sharifi,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (12-2022)
Abstract
Purpose: Considering the problems of nursing profession, it is very important to find the best method to improve the resilience of nurses. The purpose the present study was to compare the effectiveness and durability of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and paradoxical time schedule of resilience of emergency department nurses.
Methodology: To perform this quasi-experimental research, which was carried out with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up stage, 45 nurses working in the 5 emergency departments of Isfahan hospitals in the second half of 2019 were selected using convenience sampling method. They were randomly divided into three groups of 15 subjects: treatment based on acceptance and commitment, paradoxical schedule treatment and control. Subjects in the acceptance and commitment treatment experimental group participated in 8 sessions and the paradoxical schedule treatment group in 6 90-minute sessions but for the control group, there was no intervention. Participants completed the resilience scale by Connor and Davidson (2003) in three steps. The research data were analyzed using the variance analysis method with repeated measurements in SPSS-26 software.
Results:The results showed that there is a significant difference between the resilience score in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up measurements. It was also found that there was a significant difference between scores of two experimental groups and control group, but there was no significant difference between the scores of the two experimental groups.
Conclusion: According to the results, it is recommended that the authorities use these two types of treatment programs under expert supervision to improve the resilience of nurses.
Mahnaz Mayel Afshar, Maryam Goodarzi,
Volume 22, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: Corona virus is a phenomenon that has faced the world with a crisis due to its rapid spread and uncontrollable nature. Although this crisis is only related to the medicine and health system, it is a multidimensional phenomenon whose effects and consequences can be observed and tracked in various economic, social, and political fields. The purpose of this article is to investigate the results of the Corona Virus on the environment.
Materials & Methods: The current study is a scoping review article that was performed based on the collection of information from articles published in the databases ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed in the period from 2019 to 2022 with the aim of investigating the consequences of the Corona crisis on the environment.
Results: The findings of this research illustrate that the corona virus crisis and the quarantine conditions have brought many consequences for the environment. On the one hand, as a result of the cessation of many human activities, there is a significant reduction in the emission of pollutants, including greenhouse gases, and on the other hand, waste, especially medical and plastic waste, has increased.
Conclusion: Despite the positive effects of Covid-19 on environmental factors, its short-term and long-term negative effects are obvious. In addition, it seems that the economic activity of country will intensify after Corona, and therefore, with a comprehensive analysis of the effects of Covid-19 on several sectors, significant proceedings should be taken in this field.
Reza Pirayesh, Hamed Rastegarnia, Fatemeh Alilou,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Employee creativity is a key element for
achieving sustainable competitive advantage in both private and public
organizations. This study aims to explore the influence of leadership styles
and feedback behavior on employee creativity growth, considering the
mediating role of the communication mechanism among employees of
public clinics in Zanjan.
Materials and Methods: This applied study follows a descriptive-survey
approach. Data were collected through field observations, questionnaire
distribution, and library research related to the study variables. The
statistical population included all employees of public clinics in Zanjan. From
209 people, 135 were randomly selected as the sample based on Cochran's
formula. The questionnaires were distributed and completed by these
individuals. Data collected via questionnaires were analyzed using structural
equation modeling with PLS and SPSS software.
Results: Feedback behavior (coefficient = 0.256), leadership styles
(coefficient = 0.543), and the communication mechanism (coefficient =
0.126) significantly influenced employee creativity. Additionally, feedback
behavior (coefficient = 0.267) and leadership styles (coefficient = 0.348)
significantly impacted the communication mechanism. The results also
indicated that the communication mechanism effectively mediated the
relationship between leadership styles (coefficient = 0.044) and feedback
behavior (coefficient = 0.034) on employee creativity growth.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that leadership styles and feedback
behavior significantly influence employee creativity growth through the
mediating role of the communication mechanism. Organizational managers
should leverage these factors to enhance their employees' creativity
Sanaz Zargar Balaye Jame, Nader Markazi Moghaddam, Hesam Sharifnia, Mehrdad Khoshian,
Volume 22, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Medical imaging is one of the most expensive sections of a hospital due to the use of superior technology, specialized personnel, and adherence to special protective regulations, all of which have a direct impact on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) provides an overview of hospital activities, enabling the identification and management of costs and resources with greater accuracy and ease. The purpose of this study is to examine the total costs of services and the unused capacity of resources to provide financial management solutions for hospital administrators.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted on the statistics and accounting data of a general hospital in Tehran in 2018. The study falls under the category of applied research due to the potential use of the results in financial management and resource consumption. The data collection method included the review of documents and financial statements, timing of all activities in the imaging department, and calculations based on the time-driven activity-based costing method, using Excel software, with the elimination of the cost of unused resources.
Results: The study found that the total cost was mostly below the approved tariffs, with the main cost components being 34% manpower, 23% overhead, 22% equipment, and 15% consumables. The findings indicated that only 58% of resource provisioning expenses played a role in determining the total cost of services.
Conclusion: The findings of this research suggest that reducing the unused capacity of resources and organizational reforms can decrease the total cost of services, increase profitability, and optimize resource usage to enhance the quality of hospital services.
Saeede Afshari, Shaghayegh Vahdat, Iravan Masoudi Asl, Somayeh Hesam,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background and purpose: In today’s competitive organizational landscape, the significance of recruiting and developing competent human resources has become paramount. Organizations not only aim to select and attract capable and efficient personnel but also seek to enhance and expand their capabilities. Consequently, the concept of meritocracy has become a key concern for modern organizations. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing succession planning in the leadership of healthcare organizations in Iran.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using content analysis in 2020. The statistical population comprised key decision-makers and policymakers in successful and prominent Iranian organizations known for effective succession planning, such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and the public banking system. A total of 15 experts were selected through purposive and snowball sampling, with data collection continuing until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data were gathered through structured interviews, and the analysis and coding were performed using MAXQDA 11 software.
Results: The study identified five main themes: alignment of strategic goals and needs analysis, strategic communication and organizational structure, talent identification and empowerment, development and excellence of qualified individuals, and monitoring of succession planning programs. These were further divided into 13 sub-themes.
Conclusion: Organizations and managers should provide comprehensive support and demonstrate commitment to the effective implementation of succession planning programs. This will lead to improved organizational decisions and policies, ensuring that competent and qualified individuals are placed in key positions. Additionally, this approach will enhance work quality, boost employee motivation, reduce resource wastage, and improve career advancement opportunities for staff.
Mehrak Pourmotahari, Soad Mahfoozpour, Shahram Tofighi, Shaghayegh Vahdat, Irvan Masoudi Asl,
Volume 22, Issue 4 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background and purpose: As health resources face increasing constraints, the use of medical imaging services has risen significantly. On average, diagnostic services account for approximately 10% of total healthcare expenditures, and this figure is steadily increasing. This study aims to identify the causes of irrational utilization of medical imaging services and propose corrective measures.
Methods: This descriptive-survey research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a comprehensive literature review was performed using both international and national databases, covering the period from 1990 to November 2021. Relevant studies were identified using specific keywords. In the second phase, a semi-structured questionnaire was developed, and a series of in-depth interviews with experts and professionals were conducted. Data were analyzed using the six-step thematic approach by Braun and Clarke, utilizing MAXQDA software.
Results: A total of 605 studies were initially identified, of which seven met the inclusion criteria after rigorous screening. In the second phase, 12 in-depth interviews were conducted, yielding 65 codes, which were organized into 12 themes. The identified themes included legal issues, conflict of interest, monitoring challenges, poor governance and stewardship, inappropriate policymaking and planning, financial incentives, inadequate service provision infrastructure, health culture, education and continuous training systems, financing and purchasing services, political factors, and inadequate insurance systems. Various strategies for controlling the inappropriate use of diagnostic and therapeutic services were proposed, including policy interventions, monitoring and evaluation, and training.
Conclusion: The irrational use of healthcare services is a significant challenge in many countries. Key contributing factors include incomplete insurance coverage, out-of-pocket payments by patients, defensive medical practices, and gaps in knowledge. Addressing these issues requires targeted interventions and reforms.
Leila Bornaye Agah, Amin Qasem Beglou, Abasat Mirzaei,
Volume 23, Issue 4 (2-2025)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Developing countries strive for solutions to attract medical tourists. Digital marketing is explored here. The aim is to assess digital medical marketing criteria and their relation to health tourist acceptance in selected Tehran hospitals in 2022.
Methods: A descriptive-analytical approach using mixed methods. Qualitatively, through text review, digital medical marketing criteria were identified using fuzzy Delphi, resulting in 5 factors and 61 concepts. Quantitatively, after distributing questionnaires among 30 experts, 25 valid questions were retained. The sample included 125 experts from health tourism units and hospital staff. Kendall's correlation and Chi-square tests were run via SPSS 18.
Results: Identified criteria encompassed multilingual websites, content, digital systems, human resources, and health tourist attraction. Kendall's correlation indicated significant relations with human resource performance (r=0.413), website content (r=0.247), and digital systems (r=0.235) significantly influencing tourist attraction (p<0.01). Chi-square tests revealed significant differences in multilingual websites, website content, digital systems, and human resource performance impacting health tourist attraction (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Iran's medical tourism benefits from enhancing service quality, website content, human resource performance, and digital systems, leading to increased health tourist attraction.
Yousef Hamidzadeh Arbabi, Mohammad Panahi Tosanloo, Rohqayeh Farrokhi, Amin Ahmadi,
Volume 24, Issue 2 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Workplace Violence (WPV) is a significant occupational hazard and is increasingly recognized as a critical crisis within the healthcare sector. Due to the inherent nature of their services, healthcare organizations are more susceptible to this phenomenon than other sectors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of workplace violence and its role in predicting the job satisfaction of healthcare workers in Ardabil.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024. A total of 300 employees working under the auspices of the Ardabil Health Center were selected using stratified random sampling. Data collection utilized two standardized instruments: the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20) via descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression analysis.
Results: The overall job satisfaction rate was calculated at 58.75%. In terms of prevalence, 63.8% of the participants reported experiencing workplace violence at least once during the past year. The mean score of experienced violence was 27.35%. Psychological violence was the most frequent form (51.5%), while physical violence was the least frequent (9.4%). Significant statistical relationships were observed between demographic characteristics, workplace violence, and job satisfaction (P<0.05). Linear regression analysis identified workplace violence (β = 0.181) as the third most influential predictor of job satisfaction, following the payment system (β = 0.482) and advancement opportunities (β = 0.312).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that healthcare workers may have normalized workplace violence as an inherent part of their professional environment. Consequently, their job satisfaction appears to be more heavily influenced by economic factors—specifically the compensation and payment system—than by the adverse effects of occupational violence.
