Journal of

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Background: The hospital is an important element in the new public health. The health in the populations requires access to the medical and hospital services as well as preventive care and a healthy environment. This study attempts to review the important factors to be considered in the hospital sites selected and design in the urban, regional and country levels. Finally, suggestions have exhibited to the hospital sites selected and design for its optimum and efficiency. It's also suggests proposals for appropriate site selected and design of hospitals for optimum efficiency.
Materials & Methods: This is a review article which documentary method and Internet search have been employed.
Results: What principles do you use to decide on the location and layout of a new or expanded site selection? What information do you need to consider before selecting a site location? How do you maximize inherently safer design with minimal impact on the cost and schedule? How do you manage sitting issues when limited space is available? How do you address security concerns in a new site? These questions are considered cases in paper to attempt to answer it.
Conclusion: To determine the feasibility of the project, the first consideration in the survey is to study the character, needs and possibilities of the community which the hospital is going to serve. The hospital facilities in the region should be studied in terms of:
• Population of the region
• Quality and number of hospitals
• Patient and disease pattern
• Cost of investigation and treatment
• Physical and Environmental characteristics of the site
This study considers the specific problems of creating a well distributed network of hospitals that deliver its services to the target population in minimal time, pollution and cost. The study has showed that if these criteria considered, it would assessed the extent to which authorities of hospital planning and administration have utilized in the planning.

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Background: Information technology application in health care is increasing. The aim of  this study, is to introduce a scientific model for designing an electronic system for managing patient transfer.
Materials and Methods: This study is an exploratory qualitative study. At first a review of literature was carried out for identifying clinical, managerial and process indicators necessary for patient transfer. Then 30 experts, who had vast experiences on patient transfer, were selected using purposive sampling approach and their informational needs were extracted using focus group discussion and semi-structured interviews. Then clinical indicators extracted from literature review and informational needs collected from interviews were distributed among 51 experts in the form of Delphi questionnaires. Process indicators were also distributed among 35 experts to summarize all necessary indicators for designing patient transfer system. At the final step an expert panel approved the model.
Results: Thirty eight process indicators and 249 clinical and managerial components were finalized for designing the system. The process indicators were used for designing “monitoring and reports sections” of the system. The clinical indicators were used for designing “main sections” of the system including request for patient transfer, automatic algorithm for selecting destination hospital, information flow cycle, communicating clinical data and documentation. Final model also includes user interfaces relevant to responsibility of the user.
Conclusion: The proposed model, which contains necessary indicators for patient transfer, can communicate clinical information among hospitals and by providing proper infrastructure, will be able to improve patient transfer process.
 

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Background and purpose: Today, hospital care, relying on the health record system, has received more attention than before. Considering the diversity of data in these systems, the design of standard conceptual and logical models by service providers will play an important role in their success. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of designing a logical data model of the hospital information management system for athletes based on international standards.
Materials and methods: The design of the logical model of the hospital information system for athletes in Iran based on the main entities and components of the system was done after comparing the selected countries, the initial review of the needs of the beneficiaries, the dataset validated by the experts and the validation of the conceptual model, and the diagrams were painted. The meeting was held with the presence of experts to validate the proposed logical model. The proposed amendments were discussed and carried out in the meeting, the collective agreement on the presented logical model and the validity of the model were confirmed.
Results: login activities, password change, examination appointment booking, athlete information registration, examination registration, test results registration, vaccination information registration activity, health reminder registration,  and health information registration were determined as the main diagrams of this system.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it seems that access to sports medicine information is the key point, and a person can see and receive health needs related to him in a patient-centered treatment.

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Background: It is expected that graduates of healthcare management have the necessary skills to perform various managerial and administrative positions. This study was carried out with the aim of designing and compiling an evaluation framework for students based on educational standards in the internship period.

Materials &Methods: The current study was conducted in four phases: In the first phase, in order to identify the problem and assess the needs, the existing curriculum and topics were examined, as well as the studies conducted in this field. In the second phase, the perspective of the stakeholders was used to complete and modify the initial framework. In the third phase, worksheets for registering internship learning activities were prepared for students and a checklist of educational and learning objectives, personal and management skills, and skills for developing professional qualifications was compiled. Finally, a specialized panel was used to determine the type of formative and final exams.
Results: The problems and challenges of internships can be investigated in 4 areas: inappropriate planning of the course, faculty, group - professors and hospital. In designing the evaluation tool, 9 criteria were taken into consideration. Also, tests designed in a compilation framework were used as formative tests and reasoning tests were used as final tests.
Conclusion: The compiled framework can be used as a valid and comprehensive tool to evaluate the practical competence and capabilities of healthcare management students during the internship period.

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Background: The development of the health system increases the health level of the society. The present study was carried out with the aim of development of "Health System Development Scale".
Methods: The study was qualitative-quantitative. For qualitative part, a semi-structured interview with 11 experts was conducted in a targeted manner with maximum diversity and the results were analyzed by open, central and selective coding method. For quantitative part, first the validity of the questionnaire was carried out through interviews with 10 experts. Finally, the construct validity was conducted according to the opinion of 220 experts by exploratory factor analysis (with the Kaiser-Meyer-Elkin scale) and confirmatory factor analysis (in the form of divergent, convergent validity and fit indices) using SPSS and Lisrel software. Reliability was also measured by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability.
Results: The scale was designed with 40 statements obtained from the findings of the qualitative study. In the quantitative part, the appearance and content validity ratio of the dimensions of the questionnaire was qualitatively confirmed (for all statements between 0.80 and 0.1). Construct validity was done by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity was between 0.53 and 0.75 and divergent validity was between 0.54 and 1. The internal consistency of the tool was approved with Cronbach's alpha coefficient between 0.75 and 0.86 and composite reliability coefficient was between 0.72 and 0.80.
Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the scale was confirmed. It is suggested to use it to measure the level of development in the health system by experts in this field.