Journal of

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Background: Learning and teaching is a bilatheral connection between student and teacher ,so evaluation of both of them is an important necessity in academic Institues.if we accept that teachers ability lead to effective learning in students or their unability can reduce education outputs, so we conclude that teacher,s function score must be related with student,s educational function score.
Material and Methods: This study is a descriptive correlation study .all of faculty members , were teaching special courses ,and 62students in second semester of 85-86 from librarian, medical records and health care management majors were contributed in study. teacher,s evaluation score and student,s mean scores were provided through educational chancellor of university. Anlyzing was done by spss software ,and use of descriptive statistic and correlation index.

Results: Evaluation mean score of teashers and mean score of student,s courses were different in 3 educational groups. correlation between of teacher,s evaluation scores and student,s mean scores was adverse and was,nt sicnificant.(r=-0/095 in health care management),(r=-0/1in med.records),(r=-0/6in libererian).

Conclusion: We accept that teachers ability can lead to effective learning in students or inability can reduce education outputs.in this study There was no significant relation between of two variables.so we conclude educational system must notice more and more to evaluatin tools for accurating, richment and updating those.

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Background: As in many countries, Medical Education (ME) is offered in three levels including Undergraduate ME, Graduate ME, and Continuing ME. Information theology development has provided a suitable chance for ME. E-learning in ME is growing more and more. The present study seeks to determine the key success factors (KSF) in E-learning in medical fields.
Material and Methods: KSF has been scrutinized in the literature following of which, and due to similarity, a clas­sification with seven groupings was established including institutional factor, technology, interested parties, information knowledge, methods and approaches educational resources, and environmental factors. Through a questionnaire, the data were gathered from the information technology (IT) direc­tors in all medical universities throughout the country. The data collected were subjected to facto­rial analysis. Data from heads of educational groups were obtained through focus group discussion. Cronbach reliability coefficient was calculated for questionnaire used. Factorial analysis was used to identify meaningful KSF. T-Test, and one-way variance analysis as well as Pearson's correlation were used. The analysis was conducted with SPSS software.
Results: The preparedness factors were analyzed through group discussions with the heads of the academic departments under the study. By factorial analyses, five factors were found. Fisher Exeact Test was used to compare the obtained ratios in 5% curve whose results showed that among the three factors including legal and technical environ­ment, specialized hardware and software, and high speed internet, performance interest and potentials showed a significant difference (p=0.002). A p=0.011 was found for the authorities' interest and finan­cial and non-financial rewards. No other significant differences were found anywhere else.
Conclusion: Appropriate strategies to coordinate and aligned with the conditions that must be taken, including some of them can be cited : Document Perspective drawn by the Ministry of Health, Content production (medical, etc.) to the appropriate shape, Develop technical and communications infrastructure, First e-learning development in the field of basic science And then as a complementary training in Clinical Science, Develop and build information literacy skills among teachers and students And encourage them in this area, Platforms and create the appropriate structures and interactions necessary, Despite the virtual library, Drawing rules for the protection of creators and owners of content rights education, Culture correct and appropriate, Private sector participation in developing e-learning and ..so on

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Background: One of the necessities of hospital administrations is that the top and middle managers should be familiar with leadership styles and conflict management strategies completely and select a right managerial method. Through this, they can actively play a significant role in improving effectiveness and efficiency of hospital performance. The main objective of this research is surveying the relationship between Fidler's LPC score (as a sign for leadership style) and conflict management strategies (avoidance oriented, solution oriented, control oriented).

Materials and Methods: For surveying leadership styles Fiddler's Least Preferred Coworker questionnaire and for surveying conflict management strategies, another questionnaire was used. The reliability of these two was 0.90 and 0.88 respectively. The survey population was consisted of the high and middle managers of Kerman's educational hospitals (81), and a sample 67 individuals was selected for survey.

Results: The result showed that respondents mostly use communication oriented style and employed conflict management strategies are avoidance, solution and control respectively. Also it was observed that there is a positive and significant relation between LPC score and avoidance and solution strategies (r= 0.512 and 0.298 respectively). But there is a negative and significant relation between LPC score and control oriented strategy (r= -0.474).

Conclusion: According to the findings it is suggested that, the reasons of using avoidance strategy should be surveyed and try to encourage people to state their inconsistent ideas and converse freely. This could help organization to improve its performance. But communication oriented style is suitable and its maintenance should be taken into consideration.

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Abstract Background: Today there is still a shortage of postgraduates of medicine for multiple reasons. This study aims to determine factors related to Tehran, Shahid Beheshti and Iran Universities students' educational and career tendencies. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consists of medical students of Tehran, Shahid Beheshti and Iran Universities of Medical Sciences. A sample of 510 individuals was selected using simple random sampling method proportional to the category size.Data were collected using a structured questionnaire of acceptable validity and reliability. Descriptive statistical methods were used for data analysis. Results: Medicine was selected due to its social dignity, motivation to serve the people and interest in medical sciences affect studying medicine as a major .Existence of Medical Universities, improving information and abilities and the need for medical services in different areas affect physician’s choice of working location .Simultaneous activity in both private and governmental sectors , disorganized in governmental sectors compared to well organized and well equipped private sector , affect physicians` choice of working sector . Realistic thinking instead of idealism, lack of adequate support from students and differences between the academic environment with student`s interest affect changing the students' educational and career tendency. Conclusion: Actions like regulating the capacity of medical students admission, improving the quality of studies, modification of human resources , better familiarity of students with medicine field while choosing the university field and financial support for young physicians could improve the situation.

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Background: Knowledge management plays an imperative role in the success of organizations. Many factors such as organizational culture affected on knowledge management. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the association between dimensions of organizational culture with knowledge management.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted in 2013. Three hundred twenty two employees of three hospitals related to the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences selected through a stratified-randomized sampling. Standard instrument of organizational culture and a self-designed questionnaire of knowledge management were used for data collection. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 18 by descriptively and inferential statistics methods.

Results: study results indicated that there was a positive and significant association between organizational culture and knowledge management. Also, results on other objectives pointed out a positive and significant association among dimensions of organizational culture (clan, market, adhocracy) and knowledge management. There was a negative and significant relation between organizational bureaucratic culture and knowledge management.

Conclusion: Organizational culture is one of the most important tools of a successful implementation of knowledge management in organizations. Modifications of organizational culture in health care teaching hospitals of Zahedan University of medical sciences should be set towards establishing knowledge management considering organizational tribe culture and organizational adhocracy culture more than other cultures.

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Introduction: In the hospital’s environment, conflict is unavoidable due to differences in gender, educations, and Career goals, frequent and complex interactions between their personnels. Both of two extremely level of conflict (minimum & maximum) are preventing desired performance. Appropriate level of conflict should avoid recession, encourage creativity and reduce stress. The present research aims to determine the amount of conflict in Tehran University of Medical Science’s hospitals. (TUMS).

Method: This study is descriptive - analytic. The study population consists of 706 managers (senior, intermediate, basic) from 14 hospitals affiliated with TUMS. Data was collected by a self-made questionnaire and was analyzed with SPSS software.

Results: The level of conflict in Tehran University of Medical Science’s hospitals was average. 84% of total conflict was caused by organizational factors. There were a significant association between conflict and level of management, educations, work experience, type of unit, bed numbers, the number of employee under supervision, conflict management training course

Conclusion: Hospital managers should change their organizational cultures and revise some structural variables such as goals, procedures…  In order to maintain the optimal level of conflict.

Keywords: Conflict, a mount of Conflict, Managers, Hospital.

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Background: Physical and verbal violence against hospital personnel is very critical problems that could influence the quality of clinical and nursing cares. Today, problem prevention and identification of related factors with domestic violence against women have been considered as a health priority in many countries. Therefore, due to the importance of this issue, this study aimed to determine related factors with domestic violence against women in educational hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
 
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was a descriptive-analytical one which conducted on 836 female employees using census method. Data collection performed using a researcher-made questionnaire. This questionnaire consisted of 34 items in four dimensions (physical, verbal and mental, sexual) and violence experienced by the husband. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 with descriptive statistics and analytic statistics such as Kolmogorov–Smirnov, ANOVA, independent t test, and Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression.
 
Results: Study results revealed that verbal and mental (55.33%), physical (36.16%), and sexual (6.66%) violence were the most common type of violence against women, respectively. There was a significant statistically association between age gap, forced marriage, husband’s addiction, income and precedent violence Experience and violence against women.
 
Conclusion: This study presented prevalence and related factors of demotic violence among women. Therefore, it is imperative that health authorities, especially hospital managers, pay attention to this phenomenon assessing further investigation of factors related to violence against women in order to take the necessary steps to mitigate and reduce related factors using life skills workshop, training and counseling for couples.

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Background: Nursing is one of the health care base and nursing services are in effect on ill-health indicators. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between professional behavior and job well-being of nurses employed at two Shahrekord educational hospitals in 2018.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on nurses employing at two educational hospitals in Shahrekord. A total of 269 nurses in both sexes were selected using stratified random sampling method. The Goz standard professional questionnaire for nurses and the Demo and Paschoal Survival Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS₂₂ software using independent t-test, ANOVA, Kolmogorov Smearnov, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and simple linear regression at a significant level of 0.05.
Results: Mean age of the respondents was 33.2 years old, 48% were aged between 31 to 40 years old while 3% were aged more than 50 years old, 58% and 42%were female and male, respectively. The average score of professional behavior and job well-being were 17.8 ± 104.5 (moderate to high) and 89.3 ± 12.9 (moderate), respectively. Regression analysis revealed that per unit increasing in the nurses professional behavior, 0.661 units were added to job well-being; and also, there was a significant correlation between "professional behavior" and "job well-being" (R²=0.328).
Conclusion: The comprehensive national plan should be designed paying more attention to creation of the necessary infrastructure to promote professional behavior which can be result in long-range consequences of job well-being improvement; also, promotion of job well-being components should be considered.

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