Journal of

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Background: Non-fermentative, gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) have emerged as a factor of nosocomial infections and mortal epidemics . Hospital environment is one of the most important sources of NFGNB`s colonization and diffusion. This study is aimed to assess the frequency of NFGNB in various wards of selected hospitals of Tehran. Materials & Methods: 469 samples were randomly selected from various wards from two hospitals during a period of 11 weeks. All isolations had been identified using standard microbiological, biochemical and phenotypic tests. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 11.5). Results: Fifty three specimens were positive for NFGNB. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkholderia cepacia complex were found as predominant bacteria in hospital I(28%) and II (28.6%).The highest rate of NFGNB isolated from surfaces was 60.3% .The pediatric ward was identified as the most contaminated ward (50%). Conclusion: Several genus of NFGNB are found in hospitals. Therefore, identifying other NFGNB`s genus and training health care staff are of prime importance. NFGNB`s distribution depends on type of ward, surface, and equipment. Periodic sampling of hospital environment can be effective against spreading infection.

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Background: Considering the importance of hand hygiene in nosocomial infections prevention and the low outcomes of performed researches in hand hygiene, this study aimed at assessing the effective factors on hand hygiene using planned behavior model among nursing and midwifery staff in atea hospital of Hamadan in 2015.

Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive and cross-sectional study in which all nursing and midwifery staff of the Atea hospital selected through census sampling. Hand hygiene behavior was observed and all participants filled out a questionnaire based on Planned Behavior Model. Data was analyzed   using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: only 31 participants (21.1%) had hand hygiene behavior higher than average and 123 (79.9%) had lower than average. Hand hygiene was in the lowest rate, 21.3% and 13% after patient contact and prior to action aseptic respectively.  Knowledge (84%) and attitude (90.4%) about hand hygiene was high, but the level of perceived control, (53.35%) was at the low level. Also, there were significant statistical differences between perceived control and hand hygiene between subjective norms and hand hygiene (p<0.05).

Conclusions: The knowledge and attitude to adopt hand hygiene behavior is not enough alone. Along with staff training, it is necessary to have hospital managers and physicians training, providing appropriate context and omitting barriers to have suitable hand hygiene behavior in practice.