Journal of Health and Safety at Work

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Introduction: This study aimed to profile Iran’s occupational health services and identify the challenges and implementation strategies, focusing on the coverage of these services and interventions.
Material and Methods: This mixed-method research utilized a triangulation approach to generate qualitative data through document reviews from international organizations such as the WHO and ILO, examinations of national occupational health systems, laws and regulations, previous studies, and interviews. Quantitative data were collected from a national portal using a standard inspection checklist and secondary data from the National Statistics Center. Qualitative data were analyzed using both inductive and deductive content analysis, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The occupational health services profile for Iran comprised 45 indicators across 9 areas and 6 types. The coverage of inspection services for identified workplaces and workers was 93% and 92%, respectively. However, the estimated coverage of inspection services for all existing workplaces and workers was only 39% and 15%. Among the included workplaces, access to full health facilities was at 48%, while occupational exposure control was at 18%. For the covered workers, the coverage rates for occupational medical examinations, occupational health training, and utilization of personal protective equipment were 58%, 63%, and 66%, respectively.
Conclusion: The key intervention for improving service coverage and stability—aside from inspections, which are governed—lies in outsourcing services to various providers. This approach involves removing existing barriers and enhancing service provision for small workshops. Additionally, redesigning occupational health services should focus on modifying educational curricula, research, and implementation programs, emphasizing the economic aspects of controls, and prioritizing low-cost and effective measures, especially in small workplaces.

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Introduction: One of the most common pollutants in industrial and confined environments is toluene. Toluene can be removed in various ways. The simultaneous and integrated use of two methods—adsorption and photocatalytic degradation—in a single process is an important innovation in the removal of gaseous toluene. The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of a synthesized reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube/titanium dioxide (RGO/CNT/TiO2) nanocomposite aerogel in the photocatalytic degradation and adsorption of toluene vapors. 
Material and Methods: In this study, RGO/CNT/TiO2 and RGO/TiO2 aerogels were prepared using a one-pot hydrothermal self-assembly method. The properties of the photocatalytic aerogels were investigated using BET testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Aerogels were loaded on a substrate in a photoreactor with two UV-C lamps using dynamic flow. Adsorption efficiency was measured when irradiation was off, and photocatalytic degradation efficiency was measured when irradiation was on using an instantaneous reading device.
Results: Adding CNTs to RGO/TiO2 affects the specific surface area (SSA) and the porous structure of the aerogels. During the processes of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation using RGO/CNT%5/TiO2, the concentration of toluene vapor pollutant decreased from 20 ppm to 3.4 ppm, indicating an efficiency of 81%. In contrast, RGO/TiO2 demonstrated an efficiency of 43.41%.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that adding CNTs to RGO/TiO2 aerogel significantly improves photocatalytic performance for the degradation of toluene vapor. This enhanced performance is attributed to increased light absorption, an improved electron and hole recombination rate, as well as the facilitation of electron transition from titanium nanoparticles to the graphene structure.