Showing 15 results for Saei
A Kasaei Nasab, A Karimi, M Jahangiri, A R Daraeinejad, R Rostami,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Introduction: Exposure to Bioaerosols is related to a grand range of sanitation’s effects including intense poisoning effects, allergy and cancer. This study has done to determine the type and concentration Bioaerosols in the air of one of the industrial live stocks slaughterhouse in Shiraz.
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Material and Method: A total of 112 air samples from different parts of industrial live stocks slaughterhouse are collected in this cross-sectional study. According to the NIOSH method, Bioaerosols sampling was done in blood agar medium and dextro agar and by Anderson one-stage sampler with flow rate of 28.3 Lit/min, sampling duration of 10 minutes and concentration measured in CFU/m3.
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Result: According to the result, the most pollution is in blood cook place (3281.44 CFU/m3) and the least pollution exists in meat delivery place (99.1 CFU/m3 ). Also the result of the study showed that Bioaerosols concentration in industrial live stocks slaughterhouse is 28 times more than its concentration in reference site. Which is 5 km from slaughterhouse and 5 species of fungi were observe which aspergillus niger and penicillium were dominat.
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Conclusion: Bioaerosols concentration in live stocks industrial slaughterhouse is higher than the threshold limit and suggested range. Therefore, it is essential to take measures, such as improving the process and technical-engineering interventions including the use of suitable ventilation systems and also management personal monitoring measures.
I. Mohammadfam, S. Bastani, M. Es-Haghi, R. Golmohamadi, A. Saei,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: Emergency situations are of the major challenges in industries. Understading the status of inter-team interaction is effective in improvement of emergency response team (ERT). The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction space of ERP in a refinery, using the social network analysis (SNA).
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Methods and Materials: In the present case study, the density indicator was used to examine the interaction space in the ERT. The obtained data were analyzed, employing UCINET 6.0 social network analysis program.
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Results: The findings showed that the ERT has the relatively low concentration with the density of 0.2 overall, the result reflect a low level of interactions among response reams at emergency situations management.
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Conclusion: The presented approach provided an appropriate image of interactions network among the emergency response teams. The social network analysis can be used for assessing the interactions of the emergency response teams.
Asma Zare, Saeid Yazdani Rad, Fateme Dehghani, Fariborz Omidi, Iraj Mohammadfam,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (9-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: Despite the ongoing efforts to reduce human errors in various systems, errors and unsafe behavior are the main cause of accidents in the workplace. Many studies have been conducted to identify and improve human error in recent years. The number of studies about the human error with the variety of topics has made it an overall overview difficult for researchers. Therefore, a systematic review of previous studies can be the best way to share useful findings and make a trend for the future research in the field of human error.
Material and Method: After a systematic search of valid databases, the analysis was focused on the title, publication year, journal title / Congress, city/region, the level of organization, job search, type of organization and the methods used. And articles were evaluated based encryption.
Result: Three groups of human error studies were identified. The first group studies in safety management, safety assessment, and safety planning have investigated the human error. The second group has examined the influence of individual characteristics such as behavior, cognition, and education on human error. The third group has focused on data arise from the previous accident to improve behavior and reduce human error. To make a better orientation for next studies two essential aspects included chronological analysis and thematic analysis was considered.
Conclusion: This study made an attempt to identify the gaps in the studies related to human error and afford some appropriate strategies.
Masoumeh Lotfi, Mohammad Reza Monazzam Esmaielpour, Nabeioallah Mansouri, Saeid Ahmadi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (6-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Using diesel generators is necessary for activities like welding in construction sites and it is often accompanied with noise pollution. The aim of this study was to evaluate noise pollution induced by diesel generators in construction activities in one of the districts of Tehran city.
Material and Method: In this descriptive study, 14 construction sites were selected for the evaluation of noise pollution in Tehran, district 4. Background and diesel generators sound pressure level were measured in accordance with BS 5228(2015) and noise guidance in the area around the construction sites. Diesel generators sound pressure level at 4 points and also the audio frequency analysis, one meter away from the device was measured at a random locations around it. TES-1358, Type 2(Taiwan) sound level meter was used to measure sound pressure level and calibration was performed before and after noise measurement. The validated Noise annoyance questionnaire adopted from ISO15666 standard, completed by the residents. T test, correlation and analysis of variance was performed to analyze data using SPSS software ver. 22.
Result: The mean equivalent sound level of diesel generators background noise were respectively 76 ± 4.05 dB(A) and 46.2 ± 1.09 dB(A) around the construction sites. Diesel generators noise around the construction sites was higher than the noise limit (background noise plus 5 dB)(P Value <0.05). The highest (95.3 ± 0.33 dBA) and lowest (90.9 ± 0.63 dBA) average sound pressure level was related to Benz355 and Perkins generators. One-way ANOVA statistical analysis showed significant differences in the average sound pressure level of various diesel generators between the devices (P Value <0.05). The mean sound pressure level among 190 sound monitoring stations in the interior parts of the construction sites were about 81.11 ± 4.6 dB(A). The experienced noise annoyance was evaluated higher than the average by 73.4 percent of residents. Residents’ noise annoyance and noise level around construction sites were significant using Pearson correlation (R=0.486, P value <0.05). Dominant noise frequency and associated sound pressure level of diesel generators were measured 63 Hz and 84.4 dBA, respectively.
Conclusion: Diesel generators noise in the area around the construction sites was higher than the environmental noise limit and it was accompanied with abundant noise annoyance for residents around these construction sites. Therefore, due to the lack of environmental rules related to construction industry noise pollution in Iran, assessment and approving of such rules is essential to reduce noise annoyance in urban areas.
Milad Abbasi, Parvin Nassiri, Roghay’eh Jaffari Talaar Poshti, Seyed Mohammadreza Taghavi , Saeid Aarabi, Rohollah Fallah Madvari, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi, Maryam Ghaljahi,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic occupational noise exposure may constitute a risk factor for cardiovascular disease for workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupational noise exposure and noise annoyance with blood pressure, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in workers of a textile industry.
Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 220 employees of Savadkouh textile industry complex in Mazandaran province, Iran in 2017. To achieve the study objectives, the 8 -hour equivalent sound exposure level was measured and the cumulative noise exposure was calculated. Based on noise exposure level, workers were divided into control and case groups. Then, blood pressure was measured and blood samples were collected from each individual for determination of the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and they were transfered to the laboratory for further analysis. The noise annoyance scale and socio-demographic questionnaire were used to collect noise annoyance and other background and demographic information, respectively. Finally, Paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and multivariate regression were used to study the relationship between variables using SPSS Version 20.
Result: In total, 159 workers participated in this study considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eighty-three participants were exposed to more than or equal to 85 dBA, and 76 person were exposed to less than 85 dBA noise level, respectively. The results showed that mean blood pressure and cholesterol were significantly different between the control and case groups (P-value< 0.05). Based on multivariate regression results, noise exposure, cumulative noise exposure (CNE) and noise annoyance had a significant effect on blood pressure (P-value< 0.001). Cholesterol was also significantly affected by noise exposure and noise annoyance (P-value< 0.005).
Conclusion: Based on the results of current study, noise can be considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease ampong workers. Actually, high intensity noise affect serum cholesterol and blood pressure directly, and may do indirectly by causing noise annoyance which acts as a mediator. Therefore, it seems necessary to conduct a controlled cohort study to investigating the interactions among whole variables of interest.
Rouhaldin Moradirad, Mojtaba Haghighat, Saeid Yazdanirad, Rouhalah Hajizadeh, Zohre Shabgard, Seyed Medi Mousavi,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (12-2018)
Abstract
Introduction: Noise is one of the most harmful industrial agents and there are different methods to control it. Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is an appropriate technique for selecting the best choice among several control methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was the selection of the most suitable sound control method using fuzzy hierarchical analysis (FAHP) technique in a refinery plant.
Material and Method: The present study was a cross-sectional research in a refinery plant. After identifying the main sources of the noise in the studied palnt, five criteria and ten noise control methods were selected using a questionnaire and Delphi methods. Then, Fuzzy hierarchy analysis was applied for the selection of the best noise control alternative.
Result: The results showed that the performance with a final weight of 0.277 and the non-interference in the process with a final weight of 0.06 were most and least important criteria, respectively. Meanwhile, worker enclosure had highest score (0.207) of the control methods.
Conclusion: In general, the results showed that best criterion for selection of the suitable noise control method is performance. What’s more, based on the results, worker enclosure was selected as best noise control method in the refinery.
Saba Kalantary, Farideh Golbabaei, Saeid Yazdanirad, Somayeh Farhang Dehghan,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Nowadays, millions of people are exposed to the dusts in their workplaces. Occupational exposure to dusts is considered as one of the most common and serious occupational hazards to workers’ health. The purpose of this literature review was to review the literature related to the occupational exposure to dusts in Iran published over the past 14 years.
Material and Methods: In this review, published articles were obtained from Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Islamic World Sciences Citation (ISC), Magiran, SID، Iran Medex, and Civilica search engine. The main keywords for search were Occupational Exposure, Lung, Dust, Total Dust, and Respirable Dust. The relevant articles published in Iran over the past 14 years were searched and extracted after checking their relevancy. All articles were classified based on the titles, years of publication, places of publication, type of industries, geographic distributions, sampling and analysis methods, fields of study, and the amounts of exposure.
Results: Findings showed that in spite of increases in the rate of published literature in recent years and by considering geographical variation and the large number of dust generating firms and industries, a relatively small number of studies was conducted and published in this field. Majority of the studies in this field considered the levels of dust exposure and respiratory effects of dust exposures. In most studies the levels of occupational exposure to dusts (and crystalline silica dusts) were higher than the recommended limit values.
Conclusion: Although an increasing number of studies can be seen in recent years on occupational exposure to dusts and their effect, by considering the presence of large and small size industries with dust generating pollution in Iran, the large number of exposed people, adverse-health effects, and the need for control measures, few studies have been published in this field and further works need to be done in this area.
Saeid Yazdanirad, Saba Kalantary, Farideh Golbabaei,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Many studies, especially in recent years, have evaluated and controlled the occupational heat stress in Iran using environmental indices. However, so far, no comprehensive study has been conducted to review and classify these studies. Therefore, this study aimed to review and investigate the occupational studies performed by environmental heat stress indices in Iran.
Material and method: In the present study, the published articles from 2000 to 2016 were searched using Persian and English keywords including heat stress, heat strain, hot condition, warm condition, occupational health, thermal environment and Iran. Search of articles was performed in databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, SID, Magiran, Civilica, Iran Medex, Barakatkns and Irandoc. In total, 323 articles were found and 134 articles of them, based on the exclusion criteria, were selected and included in this study.
Results: Based on the results, most numbers of the studies, with 93.3 percent of the total researches related to published article, have been carried out between years of 2010 to 2016. As well as, most of studies with 61.9 percent were related to the indoor industrial environments. Most of studies were also performed in cities of Isfahan with 31.08 percent, Tehran with 16.89 percent, and Assaluyeh with 11.48 percent, respectively. As well as, WBGT index with 76 percent and the UTCI and PHS indices with 0.6 percent had the highest and lowest usage in all environments and industries, respectively. In addition, the results showed that WBGT index had most usage in industries of melting and casting with 15.7 percent, petroleum with 8.3 percent, and outdoor small occupations with 8.3 percent, respectively. Based on the results, the industries of the refinery, steel, glasswork, melting and casting, mines, and ship repairs have the highest mean values of WBGT index, respectively.
Conclusion: The results showed the need to more attention of researchers for conducting studies in outdoor environments, in different cities of Iran, on development and validation of novel heat stress indices, and on implementation and evaluation of control measures in the environments with high heat stress.
Saeid Najafi, Shirazeh Arghami, Maryam Khazaee-Pool,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (11-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) have always a major concern and human factor has been recognized as their leading cause. Since taxi drivers play a significant role in accidents, the main purpose of this study was to provide a valid and reliable version of the Dula Dangerous Driving Index (3DI) for taxi drivers working in the city of Zanjan, Iran.
Material and Methods: Based on the convenience sampling method, 316 taxi (including taxi, internet taxi, etc.) drivers were recruited in this descriptive study. The 3DI contained 28 items within three factors related to dangerous driving behavior. After linguistic validation, qualitative and quantitative face validity was determined for the given questionnaire. Consequently, content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were assessed by a panel of 10 experts. Internal reliability was further calculated based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and test-retest method.
Results: The results revealed that face validity (1.60-3.82.), CVR (0.8-1), and CVI (0.891-1) were acceptable. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was also 0.896 for the total reliability of the instrument and 0.95, 0.89, and 0.94 for each factor, respectively. In addition, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was 0.871 (P-value<0.001).
Conclusion: The results ultimately demonstrated that the Persian version of the 3DI had adequate reliability, as well as, face and content validity. However, construct validity remains.
Sajad Bahrami, Ahad Sotoudeh, Naser Jamshidi, Mohammad Reza Elmi, Mohammad Saeid Poorsoleiman,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Chemical industries often have risks for the environment and communities, due to the use of complex facilities and processes. Also, in the ammonia tanks, the probability of risk of explosion is high, owing to their specific characteristics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risks of explosion scenario at the ammonia tank in the Kermanshah petrochemical complex
Material and Methods: To achieve the purpose of this study, the Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method was used to estimate the probability of reliability in the basic events. In this study, after drawing Fault Tree for identifying basic events, the probability of basic events was estimated by means of expert’s elicitation, and the probability of minimal cut sets was computed through Boolean logic gates.
Results: According to the results, the probability of occurrence of the top event was obtained equal to 0/054997. In the minimal cut set prioritizing, the failing of pressure safety valves identified as the most effective factor in the top event occurrence, and afterward failing the control valves and human errors were identified.
Conclusion: This study indicates that, based on expert elicitation, a fuzzy error tree method can be used to assess the risk of various scenarios in the industry. Overall, in assessing the risk of the explosion scenario in the ammonia reservoir, it was found that some minor defects, and even human error, could be considered as a major contributor to the explosion.
Saeid Yazdanirad, Farideh Golbabaei, Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh, Vali Sarsangi, Mehdi Yaseri, Seyed Mahdi Mousavi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Prevention of heat-related diseases requires the participation of the workers. For this reason, the aim of this study was the development and validation of the tools for evaluating awareness and practice related to heat stress among the workers of warm workplaces.
Material and Methods: The various items and factors related to the awareness and practice of the workers were identified by the literature review. Then, several questions for evaluating these items were designed. In the next step, the reliability and validity of the questionnaires were appraised using calculating the content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI), and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, respectively. After that, these questionnaires were completed by 2338 employees of six industries in various regions of Iran. Finally, collected data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: In total, 77 questions, including 53 questions on awareness and 24 questions on practice in six groups of water and beverages, food, snacks and additives, heat exchange, thermal strain risk factors, clothing and heat protection equipment, and heat-related disorders and body reactions, were designed. The values of content validity index (CVI) of remained questions in the questionnaires of awareness and practice were equal to 0.954 and 0.824, respectively. The values of Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of these questionnaires were calculated by 0.755 and 0.716, respectively. The values of the chi-square divided by degrees of freedom (CMIN/DF) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) in the construction of the awareness questionnaire were computed as 4.58 and 0.079, respectively. These values in the construction of the practice questionnaire were calculated by 2.33 and 0.084, respectively.
Conclusion: The results showed that the designed questionnaires had appropriate reliability and validity and could be used to evaluate the awareness and practice in warm workplaces.
Leila Omidi, Hossein Karimi, Saeid Mousavi, Gholamreza Moradi,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (9-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Safety climate potentially affects safety performance in high-hazard industries. Resilience is a developing concept and is defined as the ability that can affect the continuous improvement of safety performance. The present study assesses the influence of organizational resilience on workers’ safety performance in a steel-manufacturing industry. In this regard, the safety climate mediates the effect of organizational resilience on safety performance.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was accomplished in the steel manufacturing industry in 2021. The survey included three parts: (1) organizational resilience, (2) safety performance, and (3) safety climate. Besides, the organizational resilience was measured by a scale with six dimensions and 19 items. Also, safety performance was assessed by six items regarding two performance dimensions (i.e., safety compliance and safety participation). In addition, safety climate was measured by 19 items, comprising four dimensions (i.e., safety communication, supervisor safety perception, coworker safety perception, and work pressure).
Results: The structural equation modeling results showed that the organizational resilience and safety climate had significant impacts on safety climate (β = 0.23, P ≤ 0.05) and safety performance (β = 0.43, P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Also, the indirect results indicated that safety climate mediated the relationship between organizational resilience and workers’ safety performance.
Conclusion: The increment of organizational resilience and safety climate improves workers’ safety performance. Besides, organizational resilience and related dimensions (e.g., reporting culture, learning, and awareness) improve the safety performance dimensions (i.e., safety compliance and safety participation).
Kaykāvus Azrah, Ali Khavanin, Majid Shahi, , Mahbubeh Parsaeian, Mohammad Reza Monazzam,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to determine the amount of hand-arm vibration transmitted from heavy electric destruction tools and the effect of using chisel with different lengths and shapes when demolishing concrete surfaces.
Material and Methods: To evaluate the magnitude of hand-arm vibration on the left and right handles of two powerful electric demolition hammers commonly applied in Iranian construction work and urban services, 323 measurements were made (RONIX and NEC). The demolition procedure was carried out by two experienced users on 49 concrete slabs of the same grade (20 C) with thicknesses of 10 and 15 cm while utilizing standard tools, such as hammers with two different chisel head shapes (flat and point) and lengths (40 and 60 cm). Utilizing two SVANTEK vibration meters concurrently on each hammer handle, measurement and evaluation were according to the ISO 5349:1, 2 procedures.
Results: The mean effective (frequency weighted root mean square) acceleration (awrms) for the Vector Sum Values (VSV) in the hammer handles were 15.71 m/s2. The primary vibrational axis transmitted to the handle of tool was the vertical axis, at 13.60 m/s2. When employing flat and point chisel, the mean awrms were 16.59 m/s2 and 14.82 m/s2, respectively. The difference between the results of 60 and 40 chisel was a little more than 2m/s2. The dominant and harmonic frequencies of the tools were generally in the range of 25 Hz to 80 Hz and 200 Hz to 400 Hz
Conclusion: The mean results generally indicated that point chisel with shorter lengths (40 cm) accelerates at a lower rate than flat chisel with longer lengths (60 cm). In the frequency range below 40 Hz, the RONIX hammer produced a larger acceleration than the NEC hammer indicating that the NEC hammer had a higher safety competitive advantage compared to the another hammer.
Vida Rezaei-Hachesu, Hassan Haddadzade Niri, Saeid Farahani, Mohammad Reza Monazzam Esmaeelpour,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (6-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Colored noises with acoustic and psychoacoustic characteristics have several biological effects on human or animal health. While studies on auditory effects focus on noise’s physical aspects, its psychoacoustic aspects can also result in health and safety risks. Therefore, this study aims to investigate frequency-based damages due to exposure to colored noise in an animal model.
Material and Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (6 in each group). The groups included the control (no exposure) and three exposure groups (white, pink, and violet). The rats were exposed to 110 dB SPL for 4 hr/day for 14 consecutive days. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) with click and tone-burst stimuli were recorded one day before (baseline), 7, and 14 days after exposure. Statistical analyses were conducted using ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA.
Results: There was a statistically significant increase in ABR threshold values in exposure groups (p<0.05). Hearing threshold shifts in the white noise group showed a homogeneous pattern, violet noise showed an increasing pattern, and pink noise showed a decreasing pattern in low frequencies and a homogeneous pattern with increasing frequency. The highest shift in hearing threshold was observed in exposure groups from day 0 to 14. Additionally, the shift in hearing threshold in the second week was less than in the first one.
Conclusion: The current study observed that noise’s power spectral density affected hair cells’ damage severity. Accordingly, pink noise causes less damage to the cochlea compared to white and violet. Over time after noise exposure, cochlear pathogenesis gradually decreases and hair cell lesions become stable.
Gholamreza Moradi, Sana Mohammadi, Abdolrasoul Safaiyan, Saeid Ahmadi, Mehrnia Lak,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Disturbing noise can cause physical and mental illnesses among workers; for this reason, it is necessary to restrain it, especially in workplaces. Using sound-absorbing materials with suitable acoustic properties has been a growing trend in mitigating noise. This study aimed to improve the acoustic properties of polyurethane foam (PUF) as a sound absorber.
Material and Methods: In the present study, PUF was synthesized with different percentages of clay nanoparticles (0 -1.2 wt.%), and then the Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC) of the synthesized PUF was measured by the acoustic impedance tube in the frequency range of 63 to 6400 Hz according to the ISIRI 9803 standard without an air gap behind the sample. The morphology of the foam was also investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Results: The results showed that the addition of clay nanoparticles to PUF improved the sound absorption behavior of the samples, and the best sound absorption behavior was for PUF with 1.2% weight of nanoparticles at low frequencies (500-2600 Hz). This increase in the absorption coefficient can be due to the increase in the number and smaller size of the pores with the increase in the amount of nanoparticles in PUF.
Conclusion: This study illustrates that the incorporation of clay nanoparticles into PUF at varying percentages results in an enhanced absorption coefficient. The presence of clay nanoparticles leads to a reduction in cell size and an increase in the number of pores, consequently enhancing surface friction. The absorption coefficient was observed to increase with the growing concentration of clay nanoparticles in PUF.
