Showing 23 results for Exposure
Peymaneh Habibi, Seyed Nasser Ostad, Ahad Heydari, Mohammad Reza Monazzam, Abbas Rahimi Foroushani, Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari, Farideh Golbabaei,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Introduction: Climate change and hot processes in the workplaces has led to an increase in the effects of heat stress on employed people, which has become a major concern, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. Early detection of biomarkers in induction of heat stress-related DNA damage can be used in the identification and evaluation of health and safety, including occupational health professionals, as well as to prevent serious diseases caused by heat stress in various occupations with the nature of hot processes or to help different warm seasons of the year. Therefore, this review study was conducted to identify diagnostic biomarkers heat stress induced- DNA damage in occupational exposure.
Material and Methods: Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were systematically searched to meet the study’s goals. Moreover, references to relevant publications were examined. Finally, suitable articles were selected and analyzed using the inclusion (studies on different occupations, different biomarkers in hot work environments, all articles published without time limit until the end of April 2022 , and English and Persian language) and exclusion criteria.
Results: The results of search in databases showed that 9234 articles were found in the initial search. After removing duplicate and unrelated articles, 2209 eligible articles were selected. Based on abstract full-text screening, 7166 studies were excluded, and based on abstract full-text screening, 21 studies were not accessible. Finally, seven articles were selected to be reviewed. The evidence showed that diagnostic biomarkers included the measurement of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), micronuclei semen quality, heat shock proteins (HSP70), and leukocytes were extracted to heat stress induced- DNA damage in occupational exposure.
Conclusion: Based on a review of studies, biomarkers identified are suitable for heat stress induced- DNA damage as a result of occupational exposure to extremely high heat climate conditions. Understanding and identifying appropriate biomarkers in inducing DNA damage can help health and safety professionals determine the amount and magnitude of heat stress responses in occupational exposure to different temperatures and take appropriate measures and interventions to control and reduce the hazard effects of thermal stress. This study can also be considered as a preliminary study for research in the future.
Seyed Saeed Keykhosravi, Farhad Nejadkoorki, Sonouran Zamani,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Nowadays, air pollution is now considered to be the largest environmental health threat. This study was conducted with the aim of determining occupational exposure to chemical pollutants, including sulfur dioxide (SO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and assessing the health risk of exposure to these compounds using a combination of AERMOD and SQRA methods.
Material and Methods: The present study is considered as a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional research, which was conducted in 2002 in one of the gas air refineries of South Pars in the Persian Gulf region, in such a way that the amount of emissions coming out of refinery chimneys was measured by the Testo 350- XL. AERMOD model was used to simulate the dispersion of H2S and SO2 chemical pollutants. Respiratory exposure and health risk assessment of refinery personnel and nearby residents were performed using the recommended method by the Singapore Occupational Health Services Pte Ltd.
Results: Hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide were introduced as the most dangerous chemicals. According to the results, the highest risk value for sulfur dioxide among the exposure groups was related to the sulfur recovery unit (SRU), the west side of the Train Gas unit and the gate pass building of the refinery, and the highest risk values for sulfur dioxide among the exposure groups were related to the HSE building, security door, fire stations building, tanks, steam generating unit, west side of Train Gas unit, dining hall and gate pass building of the refinery. Hydrogen sulfide obtained a low to medium risk level, and sulfur dioxide a low to high risk level in terms of frequency.
Conclusion: This model can be considered as a suitable and quick solution in the superior management of the concentration of pollutants and also a promising solution in order to increase the ability of decision makers to assess the health risk of industries’ personnel. Also, ensuring quality monitoring results and reducing sampling costs are discussed.
Zahra Beigzadeh, Farideh Golbabaei, Mahdi Niknam Shahrak, Fariborz Omidi, Jamaleddin Shahtaheri,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: The use of antineoplastic drugs in cancer treatment, while essential, poses risks due to their non-selective action on both cancerous and healthy cells. Assessing and controlling environmental contamination with these drugs in workplaces is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various commercial wipes in sampling the antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil from surfaces to develop standardized sampling methods.
Material and Methods: This study assessed the efficiency of commonly used commercial wipes (Whatman cellulose filter, cotton swab, Millipore™ filter, sterile gauze pad, and alcohol pad) for sampling 5-fluorouracil from different surfaces (stainless steel, vinyl, and ceramic). The sampling area was defined using disposable cardboard frames, and 1000 microliters of a 1 µg/mL 5-fluorouracil solution were applied to each surface. Sampling and extraction were conducted following NIOSH guidelines. The frame dimensions were 10 × 10 cm, limiting the sampling area to 100 square centimeters. Analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and results were analyzed using Prism GraphPad software, version 8.
Results: The sampling efficiency varied across wipes and surfaces, ranging from 11.2% to 86.2%. Alcohol pads showed the highest efficiency on stainless steel surfaces, while the Millipore™ filter had the lowest efficiency across all surfaces. Extraction efficiency ranged from 43.8% to 98.8%, with alcohol pads providing the highest recovery. Sample stability was maintained over 15 days.
Conclusion: Alcohol pads were most effective in collecting and extracting 5-fluorouracil, particularly from hard, smooth surfaces such as stainless steel and ceramic. These findings may improve sampling methods, thereby reducing occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs. Further research on different wipes and extraction parameters could refine drug analysis techniques.
