Showing 5 results for Lead
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Volume 2, Issue 3 (12-2012)
Abstract
Introduction: Occupational injuries are among factors that cause death and disability of thousands individuals in the workplace. Thus, identifying the influential factors of occupational injuries is of paramount importance. Previous researches have indicated that transformational leadership style has an essential role in occupational injuries. Consequently, the aim of the current study is to investigate the role of transformational leadership style in predicting occupational injuries among Esfahan Steel’s employees.
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Material and Method: The current descriptive-correlation study was conducted among 189 Esfahan Steel’s employees in 2012. They were randomly selected through Stratified sampling. Data were collected using transformational leadership style questionnaire (Bass and Avolio, 1990), safety consciousness inventory (Barling, et al., 2002) and safety-related events and occupational injuries questionnaire (Barling, et al., 2002). The obtained data were analyzed thorough descriptive Statistics methods, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients, and regression analysis by SPSS 18.
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Result: The findings of the study showed that transformational leadership style had a significant correlation with safety consciousness and safety-related events (P< 0.05). The Results of regression analysis showed that transformational leadership style reduced the occupational injuries through increasing safety consciousness and reducing safety-related events.
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Conclusion: The present study emphasizes the importance of transformational leadership style and its instruction to mangers and supervisor. The consequences as well as the suggestion for the further study are discussed in this article.
M. Neghab, K. Hosseinzadeh, J. Hassanzadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
Introduction: Gasoline is a complex mixture of more than 500 various hydrocarbons. The elimination of lead from petrol has been associated with the production of significant amounts of hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX). The main purpose of this study was to ascertain whether or not exposure to unleaded petrol, under normal working conditions, is associated with any hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic response.
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Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study in which 200 subjects with current exposure to unleaded petrol working in Shiraz petrol stations as well as 200 unexposed employees were investigated. Using standard methods, atmospheric concentrations of BTX were measured. Additionally, blood and urine samples were taken from subjects for routine biochemical tests of kidney and liver function.
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Results: The geometric means of airborne concentrations of BTX were found to be 0.24, 0.37 and 0.64 ppm, respectively. The result of blood chemistry tests showed that means of direct bilirubin, ALT, AST, urea and plasma creatinine were significantly higher in exposed subjects than in unexposed employees, although all of these parameters were in the normal range. Conversely, serum albumin, total protein and serum concentration of calcium and sodium were significantly lower in petrol station workers than in their unexposed counterparts.
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Conclusions: The average exposure of petrol station workers to BTX is lower than the current TLVs for these chemicals. However, clinical significance and long-term results of observed changes in liner and kidney of exposed workers needs more evident in comparison with unexposed group.
Kourosh Sayehmiri , Marzieh Beigom Bigdeli Shamloo, Marzieh Khataee, Forghan Rabiei Fakhr, Milad Azami,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (9-2016)
Abstract
Introduction: Lead exposure is considered as a global health problem. The irreparable harmful effects of this heavy metal on human have been proven in various studies. Comparing to general population, workers in related industries are more exposed to lead. Several studies have investigated lead occupational exposure and its biological evaluation in Iran; however there is no overall estimate. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the occupational exposure to lead and its biological evaluation in Iranian workers, using systematic review and meta-analysis.
Material and Method: This study was carried out based on information obtained from databases including Magiran, Iranmedex, SID, Medlib, Trials Register, Scopus, Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochran, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Springer, Online Library Wiley, and Google Scholar from 1991 to 2016, using standard key words. All of the reviewed papers which met the inclusion criteria have been evaluated. Data combination was performed according to Random Effects Model using Stata software version 11.1.
Result: In the 34 qualified studies, the mean blood lead level (BLL) concentration in Iranian workers was estimated 42.8µg/dl (95% CI: 35.15-50.49). The minimum and maximum BLL were belonged to west (28.348µg/dl) and center (45.928µg/dl) regions of Iran, respectively. Considering different occupations, the lowest mean value was reported in textile industry workers (12.3 µg/dl), while the highest value was for zinc-lead mine workers (72.6 µg/dl). Mean breathing air lead level of Iranian workers reported in 4 studies was estimated 0.23 mg/m3 (95% CI: 0.14-0.33).
Conclusion: According to the high concentration of BLL and breathing air, it is recommended to increase protective measures and frequent screening. Scheduled clinical and paraclinical examination should also be performed for workers.
Faeze Torbatian Mashhadi, Omran Ahmadi,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (7-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Measuring and monitoring the process safety management system is essential to reduce the risk of accidents in process industries. For this purpose, lagging and leading process safety performance indicators are utilized. The aim of the present study is to select, validate and prioritize the leading indicators of process safety performance.
Material and Methods: First, the leading indicators associated with risk factors affecting hydrocarbon liquid tanks were identified and selected based on the guidelines provided by the CCPS, HSE UK, OGP, and relevant scholarly articles. After choosing the appropriate indicators, the content validity of the indicators was studied. In the next step, indicators with acceptable content validity were studied by experts in terms of applicability and importance using fuzzy weighting.
Results: Out of 18 performance indicators related to risk factors influencing the performance of operating personnel, 3 indicators were eliminated due to content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) scores below acceptable levels. The remaining 15 indicators advanced to the next stage of the study. All 4 indicators related to the performance of maintenance personnel achieved acceptable CVR and CVI scores and were also included in the next stage. Of the 13 indicators defined for equipment performance, 3 were excluded due to low CVR or CVI scores, and 10 progressed to the subsequent phase. For firefighters, 9 indicators were identified, of which 2 were eliminated due to low CVR or CVI, and 7 advanced to the next stage. In this stage, all 36 indicators achieved acceptable applicability scores and were subsequently weighted.
Conclusion: The 36 final indicators presented in this study can be used to measure process safety performance in the oil industry. Although the present study was a case study on liquid hydrocarbon tanks, most of the indicators presented can be applied to other sectors of the oil industry. In addition, the weights specified for each of these indicators can be used to prioritize the indicators.
Mahdi Jafari Nodoushan, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Mohammad Ali Ghoveh Nodoushan, Reza Jafari Nodoushan, Ali Karimi,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (7-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Safety in healthcare facilities is critically important for the health and well-being of employees, patients, and organizational effectiveness. In recent years, various studies have examined the relationship between leadership styles or approaches and safety performance as one of the indicators of safety promotion. The present systematic review examines the relationship between different leadership styles and the safety performance of employees in healthcare facilities to provide a better understanding of the positive or negative effects of leadership on safety and to suggest strategies for improving safety performance in healthcare facilities.
Material and Methods: A search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) databases. Keywords related to leadership, safety performance, and healthcare employees were used. Studies published up to the end of 2024 were identified and reviewed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.
Results: Nineteen relevant papers were selected and included in the study. During the review of studies, eleven leadership styles or approaches were identified in relation to safety performance in various healthcare facilities. These included transformational leadership, leader-member exchange leadership, leader safety priority communication and feedback, ethical leadership, empowering leadership, inconsistent and destructive leadership, transactional leadership, task-oriented leadership, authentic leadership, safety leadership, and servant leadership. All leadership styles except for inconsistent and destructive leadership had a direct or indirect positive effect on safety performance. Also, the largest number of studies (n=4) focused on transformational leadership style and leader-member exchange leadership.
Conclusion: The selection of appropriate leadership styles can contribute to enhanced safety, a reduction in occupational incidents, and improving service quality in healthcare settings. The findings of this study highlight the importance of developing effective leadership styles and strengthening appropriate managerial approaches to improve safety in healthcare facilities.
