Rezvan Ghashghaei, Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei, Soolmaz Dashti, Samira Jafari Azar, Farhad Salehipour,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (6-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: The accidents involving the transport of hazardous goods in ports have always been one of the human and environmental threats. The purpose of this research is to study the consequences of incidents involving dangerous goods by modeling and prediction of catastrophic consequences of these goods using the Software valid of management, so in addition to the affected area of the various outcomes of these goods, To provide the necessary management measures to reduce human and environmental toll on keeping dangerous goods in ports and warehouses to be paid.
Material and Methods: The study performed from PHAST and ALOHA software in the container terminal in the region of Bandar Imam Khomeini and, to verify the consequences of styrene of toxicity of dangerous goods, was used.
Results: According to the results of this study, the extent of pollution coverage (the forbidden region) at least a radius of 79 meters and the best place for placement the Support groups are a radius of 106 meters, around the area dangerous goods. Finally, to offer management practices to avoid or reduce the consequences of possible sites and warehouses storing goods in the study area was dangerous.
Conclusion: In this study, methanol reservoir was introduced as the main focus of risk; therefore, the implementation of safety rules, eliminating mechanical failures, personal protection and education, and effective measures to prevent and fight fire are proposed for decreasing the probable losses and fatalities are necessary. As well as measures such as drainage design and appropriate land cover of hazardous goods and predictions for emergency evacuation with regard to atmospheric conditions (speed and wind direction) were recommended.
Towhid Delshad, Farhad Shahraki, Mohammad Reza Sardashti Birjandi, Bahareh Bidar,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (12-2025)
Abstract
Introduction: Industrial units, such as oil refineries, face significant hazards due to the release of toxic and flammable gases. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), due to its high toxicity and environmental impact, is among the most dangerous pollutants. This study aimed to model and assess the consequences of H₂S release in the Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU) of Abadan Refinery using PHAST software to support safety planning and risk reduction strategies.
Material and Methods: Consequence modeling was conducted using PHAST version 8.4. Process data, including temperature, pressure, flow rate, and feed composition, along with meteorological conditions (average temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed based on Pasquill stability classification), were used to define probable scenarios. Scenarios included partial pipeline rupture, variable leak flow, short pipe release, and catastrophic reactor tank rupture. Key damage criteria, including thermal radiation threshold, explosion overpressure, and toxic dose, were used to determine hazard zones.
Results: Thermal radiation up to 71.027 kW/m² can cause instant death within a 70-meter radius, while overpressure exceeding 0.206 bar can destroy equipment and structures up to 35 meters in summer conditions. The H₂S cloud can spread up to 120 meters downwind, causing immediate fatalities among exposed personnel. These findings identify high-risk zones in and around the SRU, emphasizing the need to relocate shelters, install gas monitoring systems, and provide protective equipment. Results are limited to the defined scenarios and PHAST assumptions.
Conclusion: Due to the lack of risk assessment studies in early phases and during operation, identifying safe points and high-risk zones, along with prioritizing risk reduction, is essential to ensure workplace and public safety. Comprehensive risk assessment, including probability analysis (using software such as SAFETI) and application of advanced models (CFD and AI-based methods), is recommended for future research.
