Journal of Health and Safety at Work

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Introduction: Industrial accident is one of the most minatory elements for worker’s health, productivity and organizational performance. Unsafe behavior is the main reason associated with occurrence of accidents. The main goal of this study was application of participatory techniques to achieve control measures of these behaviors.

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Material and Method: Using safety behavior sampling technique in this study, behaviors of staffs were evaluated and then the most risky behaviors were determined by paired comparison method. By application of participatory approach of dotmocracy in six steps, controlling ideas were derived by participation of operators, supervisors, engineers, HSE team and managers.

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Result: 48.8% of the behaviors were unsafe. Misuse or notusing of the personal protective equipments with 63.4% was the most frequent unsafe behavior. Awkward postures, aggregation or passing under suspended loads were also followed by the unsafe behaviors. By application of participatory approach of dotmocracy, several applicable ideas in personal protective equipment, education, reinforcementand punishment, aggregation or passing under suspended loads and other ideas were achieved.

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Conclusion: Dotmocracy participatory technique is an effective way to achieve various practical solutions in control of worker’s unsafe behaviors.

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Introduction: previous studies have shown approximately 90% of accidents in the workplace are due to unsafe behavior and human errors. Identifying predictors of unsafe behaviors would be unsafe in accidents prevention. The purpose of this study was to investigate personality characteristics, cognitive and organizational variables of line workers in an industrial company in bojnurd.

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Material and Method: The sample, in the main stage, consisted of 300 employees and in the validation stage 100 They were selected thought stratified random sampling. Firstly, participants were divided into two groups (safe and unsafe) using safety behavior scale. Next, each group was evaluated using the five-factor personality questionnaire, safety efficiency questionnaire, regulatory focus at work, safety climate, safety motivation and safety competency scales and also perceived work pressure questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, the discriminate analysis, the confirmatory factor analysis and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient were applied.

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Result: According to the result of the present study, unsafe behaviors of employees can be predicted by neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness, consciousness, safety efficiency, regulatory focus and its dimensions, safety climate and its dimensions, safety motivation, safety competency and role overload variables.

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Conclusion: The results of this study showed the importance of safety competency, prevention focus, safety rules and procedures, safety efficiency and consciousness as predictors of unsafe work behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended to rely on these variables in the safety training courses and also in selecting people for high risk environments.

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Introduction: Recognizing the personality traits of employees and examining the role of these traits in motivating people’s safety can greatly lead to the formation of safe behavior of employees. Considering the significant importance of reducing adverse events and developing safe behaviors, the present study aimed to investigate the role of nurses’ personality traits in their safety behaviors with the mediating role of safety motivation during 2019-2020. 
Material and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study conducted among nurses working in educational hospitals affiliated by Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, from which 435 individuals were selected by multi-stage proportional sampling method. Data were collected using McCray and Costa Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire, Saleh Motivation Questionnaire (2010) and Safe Behavior Questionnaire (2016) and analyzed by SPSS software version 26 and AMOS software version 23.
Results: The path coefficients between nurses’ personality traits and their safety motivation (0.557) and safety motivation with safe behavior of individuals (0.267) were statistically significant (p<0.05). Furthermore the path coefficient between nurses’ personality traits and safe behavior (0.573) was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Results affirmed that safety motivation in nurses had a significant effect on their safety behavior. Therefore, it is recommended to improve safety motivation through establishing an incentive systems to appreciate the employees who had an appropriate and safe behavior in the workplace. 

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Introduction: Nurses are under the influence of stressful factors and high work pressure, which increases nursing errors. One factor affecting nurses’ behavior and performance is the mental workload and cognitive failures. This research has investigated the mental workload and cognitive failures in two groups of nurses with and without unsafe behaviors during the outbreak of Covid-19.
Material and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 312 nurses during the severe period of the Covid-19 outbreak through the public hospitals in Guilan province. Sampling was performed by selecting 104 nurses in the case group (with unsafe behavior) and 208 nurses in the control group (with safe behavior) using the full count method. The data collection tool is a three-part questionnaire including demographic information, the mental workload (NASA-TLX) questionnaire, and the occupational cognitive failures questionnaire. The incidence of needle stick as a consequence of unsafe behavior was used as a criterion.
Results: The results have shown that the workload in this research was 63.96±18.26, and the total score of cognitive failures was 59.1±13.9. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of nurses with and without unsafe behaviors (P>0.05). Still, there was a significant correlation between the total mental workload score in all areas and the total score of cognitive failures in the group of nurses with and without unsafe behaviors (p=0.001, r=0.225).
Conclusion: According to the results, the perceived mental workload is high for the nursing job. Despite of positive correlation between mental workload and cognitive failures, it can be mentioned that there are two-way interactions through their dimensions. Therefore, the nursing job requires adopting optimal engineering and management strategies to reduce the workload.