Background and Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demylinating disease that due to the involvement of multiple areas in central nervous system, including sensorimotor system can impair the patients' balance. The aim of the present study was to determine the balance, extremities muscular strength and disability rate in Iranian patients with MS and to investigate the relationship between these parameters. 

Materials and Methods: Sixty eight patients with MS participated voluntarily in this study. The berg balance scale (BBS), Motricity index (MI) and self report patient determined disease steps (PDDS) were used for assessing the balance, extremities muscular strength and patients' disability rate, respectively 

Results: Fifty six of patients showed balance impairment. Balance values were significantly correlated with muscular strength of upper (p=0.011) and lower (p<0.001) extremities in patients with balance impairment. But, the relation between balance and muscular strength in patients without balance impairment was not significant (p>0.05).There was a negative correlation between balance and disability rate (p<0.001).

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that more than 50% of patients have balance impairment. Furthermore, the importance of evaluating muscle strength in order to predict the falling risk in MS patients were identified.

Background and Aim: Stuttering is a multifaceted disorder that affects motor control, language performance and communication attitude. It seems that investigating the relationship between overt (stuttering severity) and cover (communication attitude) features of stuttering is necessary. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between stuttering severity and the communication attitude of adults who stutter.

Materials and Methods: Fifty-six adults who stutter participated in this study. The SSI-3 (Stuttering Severity Instrument-3) in the 200 words read text and communication attitude by Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES-A) were used. Spearman's correlation coefficient and Non-parametric Mann-Whitney test were used to determine relationship between severity of stuttering, communication attitude, age and history of treatment.

Results: This study showed that there was not significant correlation between the severity of stuttering assessment and communication attitude (P >0.14). As well as, age with communication attitude (P&ge; 0.050) and history of treatment with the stuttering severity (P <0.001) were correlated. The relationship between stuttering severity with age (P >0.13) and communication attitude with history of treatment (P >0.7) were not correlated.

Conclusion: There was no relationship between the severity of stuttering and communication attitude. Since, in people who have had a history of treatment, severity of stuttering was reduced but communication attitude did not reduce, therefore, communication attitude should be considered in treatment.

Keywords: Stuttering, Stuttering severity inventory, Communication attitude, Overall assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering.