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Background and aim: The function of deep neck flexor muscles is very important in physiotherapy assessments. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of sphygmomanometer device to measure the strength of deep neck  muscles.

Materials and methods: Thirty healthy non-athlete females aged 18-24 years old voluntarily participated in this study. The maximal contraction of deep neck muscles were measured in different times, different days and by two different testers using a sphygmomanometer device. At each session subjects performed three maximum voluntary contractions and the maximum strength was chosen for data analysis. The Interclass Correlation of Coefficient (ICC), Pearson product moment and CV% were used to assess the reliability of different measurements between times, days and two different examiners.

Results: The results of ICC, Pearson product moment and CV% indicated that the strength measurement of cervical stabilizer muscles were highly repeatable between different times, days and testers (ICC ≥ 0.90, CV% ≤ %3.8 and r ≥ 0.91).

Conclusion: The sphygmomanometer and the method which was used in this study appeared to be a reliable and useful method to measure the force of deep neck flexor muscles. It can also be suitable for the assessment of physiotherapy or rehabilitation programs.

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Background and aim: Despite of necessity of legible handwriting for primary students, difficulties in handwriting present in 10-30% of these children. The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between the legibility of handwriting and different pencil grip patterns.
Material and methods: in this cross-sectional study, fifty-three first-grade students were randomly selected and divided into one of the following groups according to their types of pencil grip: dynamic tripod, lateral tripod, lateral quadruped and other types. The legibility of handwriting was scored by the handwriting legibility checklist of Persian language. Correlation between handwriting legibility and pencil grip was evaluated by chi-square test.
Results: Data analysis did not show any meaningful relationship between handwriting legibility and different types of pencil grip.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that different types of pencil grip have no considerable effect on legibility of handwriting during solving an illegible handwriting. Emphasis should be placed on the other factors rather than pencil grip.

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Background and Aim: Fatigue is one of the most common problem of multiple sclerosis. It is a sign of inefficiency in the physical, social, and cognitive function. It is a major factor in limiting the responsibilities of social work of patients.The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) in Iranian and create an appropriate tool for measuring the impact of fatigue and effectiveness of treatment and also rehabilitation interventions on fatigue in Iranian patients. 

Materials and Methods: In order to use the FIS in Iranian patients, the forward  and backward translation and assessing the patient's perspective was done and the Persian version of the questionnaire was prepared.

Results: The questionnaire was completed by twenty patients with multiple sclerosis. The time duration of filling out of each questionnaire took ten to twenty minutes .The final corrections was carried out. All questions of patients was acceptable and understandable and questions of "sexual activity" was completed only by married patients. The question of "financial support" was completed only by employed person (working people). Finally, as much as possible, this questionnaire was adapted with Iranian culture and sentences were confirmed by MAPI Institute.

Conclusion: Persian version of the FIS is an appropriate tool for measuring the impact of fatigue, effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation interventions on fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis.