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Background and Aim: Naming test is an appropriate tool for assessing, diagnosing and treating word finding difficulties in Aphasic patients. Considering the importance of this test and lack of such kinds of tests in the field of verb in Farsi, the purpose of this research is to provide a verb-naming test in Persian.
Materials and Methods: In order to provide the tool based on the foreign samples, the common traits are exploited according to selection the verbs and based on the frequency criteria, Acquisition age, length of word, and investigating the inferior studies, 132 Persian verbs were chosen and picture of the selected verbs were drawn. They were offered to 15 experts to give points to the pictures based on the previous criteria of our research including familiarity, imagination and beauty of viewing. The mean score of obtained points was computed and 50 verbs were selected out of 132 suggested verbs.
Results: Findings of this study showed that the selected verbs were of high frequency verbs. Also they are those verbs which have lowers acquisition age. Most of the verbs were compound and it indicates that in Persian language compound verbs are of high frequency. Moreover, it appeared that high objectivity degree caused to high scores of imagination. Then most of the verbs were objective verbs.
Conclusion: Finally 50 verbs with their related pictures made this naming test. It is worth mentioning that remaining verbs were ranked based on their scores.

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Background and aim: The aim of this review article is to study the effects of different positions & change of position on parameters of H- reflex.
Materials & Methods: changing position influence the excitability of motor neuron pools & can provide some evidence to resolve neurological and biomechanical problems as disk herniation & radiculopathies . One of the methods to assess these changes is H- reflex which described by German neurologist, Hoffman in 1918.It is a monosynaptic reflex with Ia fibers as afferent limb & α-motor neurons as efferent limb. To investigate the effects of changing positions on H reflex parameters, different databases, E-journals & thesis have been searched.
Result: Different positions & changing position influence different parameters of H-reflex .
Conclusion: Different H- reflex Parameters especially amplitude of H- reflex , show a wide range of varieties and this may explain that amplitude of H-reflex is not a reliable parameter.

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Background and aim: Intonation perception mainly relies on fundamental frequency changes perception that is not available for individual with profound to severe hearing loss. The aim of the present study is to investigate the perception of intonation in cochlear implanted children and compare with normal hearing children.

 Materials and methods: This study has been carried out on 25 cochlear implanted children and 50 children with normal hearing. An adult who her first language was Persian, expressed some questions and statement sentences. These sentences were playing for child and was asked him/her to determine whether it was in a question form or statement one.   

 Results: The results showed that perception of question and statement sentences intonation had significantly differences between two groups (P<0.05). Perception of question and statement sentences intonation had significantly correlation with age at implantation and duration of implant use (P<0.05).

 Conclusion: According to the findings of the current study and previous studies, cochlear implant has some deficits in facilitating the perception of intonation. However, this limitation has been compensated partly for early surgery. Thus, speech language pathologists should consider intervention of intonation in treatment program of cochlear implanted children.  

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Background and Aim: Spasticity is one of the symptoms that contributes to functional limitation in adults with cerebral palsy and characterized by a velocity dependent increase in tonic reflex due to the hyperexcitability of the stretch reflex. Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) is a valid clinical tool for assessment of spasticity. The purpose of this study was to investigate Inter-rater reliability of the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) for hip adductors, knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors muscles in adult subjects with cerebral palsy.

 Materials and Methods: In an analytical cross sectional study, 30participants (11 men ،21 women, age range 20 to 40 years, mean age (26.57±4.8) with spastic cerebral palsy from Ra'ad Rehabilitation Goodwill Complexes in Tehran city in a convenient sampling took part in this study. Spasticity was measured by two physiotherapist for hip adductors, knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors with MTS during same session with ten minutes interval between assessment of two raters.

 Results: ICC values for R₂-R₁ as an indicator of spasticity in hip adductors, knee extensor and plantar flexors were 0.97, 0.88 and 0.81 respectively. Also ICC Values for quality of muscle reaction was 0.89 in hip adductors, 0.96 in knee extensors and 0.92 in ankle plantar flexors

Conclusion: MTS has a high reliability in spasticity assessment of adductors, knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors muscles, Probably MTS can be used as a reliable clinical tool to measure spasticity of lower extremity muscles in adult subjects with cerebral palsy.

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Background and Aim: Intonation has important roles on increase in intelligibility and conveyance correct meaning especially in conversational speech. Recognition of intonation correlates with three acoustic parameters: fundamental frequency, intensity and duration. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the acoustic correlation of intonation and intelligibility of speech in children with cochlear implant (CI) and compare with normal hearing (NH) children. 

Materials and Methods: This study has been carried out on 25 cochlear implant children and 25 children with normal hearing in primary school age ranges.Ten pictures were shown to children and statement and question sentences were elicited from them. To investigation of intelligibility, produced sentences were perceptually judgment by seven speech therapists and were scored by five point rating value. Acoustic correlationwere determined using Praat software.    

Results: The results showed that there were significantly difference between two groups in each of acoustic correlations (P<0.05). Intelligibility scores of CI children were significantly lower than ones of NH children (P<0.05). There were significantly correlation between intonation and intelligibility scores, also between intelligibility and duration of implant use (P<0.05).

Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, cochlear implant children's performance in using of acoustic correlation of intonation is lower than normal hearing peers that results in inappropriately intonation. Inappropriately intonation can be the cause of low intelligibility in cochlear implant children. Thus, intervention of intonation should be considered in treatment program of cochlear implant children.   

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Background and Aim: Diabetes has world wide prevalence and it is estimated that up to ten years later, more than 300 million people would suffer from it. The disease has serious secondary complications. Physical activity can decrease the complications by altering the blood profiles. Patients with diabetes are unwilling to do physical exercise. Whole Body Vibration (WBV) might be a proper substitution for exercise. The effects of WBV on patients with diabetes have not been studied enough, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of WBV on the blood profiles in patients with diabetes type 2.

Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with diabetes were assigned using matched assignment either into control (n=10) or intervention (n=10) group. Intervention group received the WBV with frequency of 30 Hz and amplitude of 2.5 mm for six weeks twice a week. The control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Blood profiles were measured in both groups at the baseline and the end of the study.

Results: FBS and HbA1C decreased in intervention group in comparison with the control group but the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.44).  There were not significant statistical differences in Cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TG before and after the treatment between the two groups.

Conclusion: The application of WBV with the above parameters might reduce FBS and HbA1C in patients with diabetes type 2. Increase in the amount of Glucose Transporter protein 4 (GLUT-4) is one of the contributing factors that these changes can be ascribed to.