Background and Aim: Language is one the most comprehensive human abilities that influenced by environment. Children learn language in different circumstances. Various circumstances and environments can influence on the development language rate. The purpose of this study is investigation of positive and negative influence of orphanage on language features and educational situation orphan children in first grade school.

Material and Method: This study was descriptive-analytic , case-control that performed on 21 girl & boys orphans( 8 girls and 13 boys)  in  Tehran city orphanages  and 21 girls& boys non - orphans (8 girls and 13 boys)their classmates .

The average age of orphans group was 90months and control group was 87 months. The Told and reading test was performed for all children (orphan and non - orphan). then obtained  the  average of 10 last  dictation scores .Then the  scores   of  2  test  was analyzed. All data were analyzed using spss, version 13.10 for windows, appropriate descriptive statistics  were used (mean, standard deviation  and  range) for duration  of life  in orphanage, Told  and Reading  scores .

We used  Pearson  correlation analysis for examining the  association  between  duration  of life  in orphanage and Tests scores. We compared the average of Told and Reading tests scores and dictation scores between orphan children and non - orphan children using a Independent Samples T- test.

Results: independent-samples  T- test  was performed  to compare  mean Told  and  Reading  tests  and dictation Scores between orphan children  and non - orphan children.. There were significant differences between their scores.

Conclusion& discussion: Findings suggests that orphan children in language features and educational situation were difference with non - orphan children. The orphanages couldn't prepare   circumstances like family and must do changes in their conditions and care giving structures.