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Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different types of isokinetic contractions on hemodynamic parameters in men.
Materials and Methods: Ten healthy male subjects (age, 26.1±3.4 years) in three separate sessions performed three exercise protocols included Concentric/Concentric (C/C), Eccentric/Eccentric (E/E) and Concentric/Eccentric (C/E) contractions (flexion and extension) in the knee joint. In each session subjects performed 4 sets, 10 repetitions, at the speed of 60 degree per second. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and rate of pressure product) were measured before exercise, immediately after exercise and after 30 min recovery. Data were analyzed using two- way repeated measures of ANOVA.
Results: Statistical analysis of data showed significant increases in heart rate, systolic blood pressure (P<0.001), mean arterial blood pressure (P=0.053) and rate of pressure product (P<0.001) during exercise and significant reductions in these parameters in recovery period. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was significantly different among the contraction protocols (F2,34=15.5) and post-hoc test showed that RPE was lower in E/E protocol than the other two protocols.
Conclusion: Hemodynamic parameters change in response to different muscular contractions, though these changes are not related to contraction type.

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Background and Aim : Pay attention to high prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women athletes and role of changes in lumbar lordosis, pelvic tilt and the type and number of delivery factors on the incidence of Urinary Stress Incontinence also lack of studies in this problem about risk factors (Predisposing factors) in Iranian population, this study was designed to investigate the relationship between changes in lumbar curvature and pelvic tilt with SUI and to determine the type and parity on the incidence of this problem .

  

Materials and Methods : In this cross - sectional study through easy and available sampling, 17 volleyball player with SUI and 15 healthy volleyball player, aged 20-40 years old. Females after interview and taking demographic information participated in the study. The Persian questionnaire of ICIQ-UISF (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form) used to confirm the SUI. A flexible ruler and inclinometer were used to measure lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt .

  

Results: A statistically significant difference was seen between the two groups in terms of the lumbar spine curvature (p< 0.001) and pelvic tilt (p = 0.02) respectively. Based on the findings, the number of delivery was no significant effect on the incidence of Stress Urinary Incontinence but there was significant relationship between type of delivery and SUI .

  

Conclusion: With significant difference in the lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt in athletic women with and without SUI, also advised to emphasize on the epidemiological and etiological investigation studies of lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt in patients with Stress Urinary Incontinence.

 

Key words: Stress urinary incontinence, Women athletes, Lumbo-pelvic posture

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  Background and Aim: Social psychologists defines aggressive act a conscious behavior that its aim is creation physical or mental pain and suffering. Aggression is relatively permanent inclination to expressing behaviors along with ruff from a person in different position.

 

Materials and Methods: The research is done in frame a quasi-experimental design (pre-test and post-test) with two test and control groups with t reatment protocol (t3-t4: s tructures and complex communication networks that there are in under cortex or cortical that to it called limbic system or lateral and is responsible emotions and memory ), on 30 adolescents 13-15 years old with aggression disorder. Sampling method was accessible. Treatment has been implemented during 20 sessions, for 2 months and 3 sessions, in every week (30 minutes). For data collection is used of Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire that iranian reliability reported for the total scale (0/82) and validity (0/73).

 

Results: The results of analysis of covariance about anger show that calculated F (14/55) is greater from table F with significant 0/01. Thus with confidence 0/99 can be claimed that use of neurofeedback method is causing reduction “anger”. The results of analysis of covariance about physical aggression show that calculated F (36/5) is greater from table F with significant 0/01. Thus with confidence 0/99 can be claimed that use of neurofeedback method is causing reduction “physical aggression”. The results of analysis of covariance about verbal aggression show that calculated F (5/77) is greater from table F with significant 0/01. Thus with confidence 0/99 can be claimed that use of neurofeedback method is causing reduction “verbal aggression”. The results of analysis of covariance about hostility show that calculated F (36/5) is greater from table F with significant 0/01. Thus with confidence 0/99 can be claimed that use of neurofeedback method is causing reduction “hostility”.

 

Conclusion: The results are expression that intervention with protocol (t3-t4) is causing reduction aggression behaviors in adolescents.

 

Key words : Neurofeedback , Aggression, Adolescents , I ntervention , Education

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Background and Aim : The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of demographic variables and disease characteristics on the quality of life scores and the distribution of the scores at different stages of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) .

Materials and Methods: One hundred patients with COPD participated in this cross-sectional study. Interview and the validated Persian version of the clinical COPD questionnaire (PCCQ) were used for data collection. The method of data collection for the study was interview with a demographic and validated Persian version of the clinical COPD questionnaire (PCCQ).

  

Results: Six percent of patients were revealed as mild COPD, 34 percent of patients as moderate COPD, 49 percent of patients as severe COPD and 11 percent of patients as very severe COPD. Significant differences were observed for total score and the component scores of the PCCQ among four stages of the disease. The age and length of the disease correlated significantly with the total PCCQ score (P<0.05). In order to compare between the CCQ total score and three domains of male and female groups , the results showed that women compared to men had lower quality of life in CCQ total score and functional areas (P<0/5).

Conclusion: Distribution of the quality of life scores in patients with different stages of COPD patients showed that there is an overlap quality of life scores in the mild, moderate , severe and very severe stages of COPD patients. As a result, classifying the disease using spirometry cannot distinct patients with COPD according to impairments in their health status. In adittion, the age, sex and length of the disease are the main factors that may affect the quality of life.

Keywords: Quality of life, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Demographic information, Clinical COPD questionnaire

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Background and Aim: There are many disputes concerning the role of skin receptors on excitability of spinal motoneurons. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the motoneuron excitability and H-reflex recovery curve of Soleus and Gastrocnemius muscles after application of local anesthesia on the skin of vertebral column.

Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy non-athlete female volunteers with a mean age of 27.20 ± 3.11 years old, were tested in two separated sessions. The H-reflex recovery curve of Soleus and Gastrocnemius were recorded before intervention and 15 minutes after the application of anesthesia (lidocaine 10%) or placebo anesthesia (water), with two excitation intensity of 30% and 100% of Hmax and interval interpulses of 1-202 ms. After extraction the amplitude of H1 and H2 response and fitting the recovery curve their amplitude and interval of the peak, area under the curve and, thresholds of the early and secondary facilitation were calculated and analyzed.

Results: After application of lidocaine, the sensory threshold of the vertebral column skin increased significantly. Due to a significant increase in H1 amplitude, peak, and area under the curve of the early facilitation showed a significant decrease (p<0.05). Threshold of the secondary facilitation showed a significant decrease in the Gastrocnemius and Soleus muscles (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The results suggest that decrease of skin receptors activity after anesthesia can facilitate motoneurons excitability and H-reflex recovery. It seems that using the method of paired stimulation and H-reflex recovery curve may be useful to investigate the effect of physical therapy modalities on the fast and slow motoneuron excitability.

Keywords: H-reflex recovery curve, Local anesthesia, Cooling, Motoneuron excitability.

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Background and Aim: Behavior of people in the face of disease and help seeking is very different.  Considering the high prevalence of urinary stress incontinence in female athletes, knowing their experiences of help seeking and identify of their needs,  can be used to plan treatment strategies based on the needs of female athletes with stress urinary incontinence and shifting them to receive health care and rehabilitation services. The purpose of this study is to understand experiences of this group of female athletes from help seeking.

Materials and Methods: This is a phenomenological study and sampling was purposeful and performed after identifying professional female athletes by oral questions. Data gathering was semi-structured deep interview. The results of 29 individual and one focus group interview were analyzed using Colaizzi method.

Results: According to the results of this study, the findings were categorized to 3 themes and 11 sub-themes. Themes are self-treatment, do not help seek and use of prevention strategies.

Conclusion: Female athletes with stress urinary incontinence do not have correct awareness of available treatment for prevention and rehabilitation care of this condition and consider this condition as a part of sport injuries due to professionalism and they have less incentive to seek its cause and treatment.

Key words: Stress urinary incontinence, Experience of help seeking, Female athlete